PSYC 101 CH.15 Study Questions

Which of the following therapies has been successful across multiple settings in the establishment of desirable behaviors and modification of problem behaviors? A) token economies B) flooding C) aversion therapy D) systematic desensitization

Token economies

In bilateral anterior cingulotomy, __________. A) an electric shock is used to stimulate certain areas of the brain B) the front of the brain is cut away from the back C) a drug is injected into the brain to destroy a large area of brain tissue D) a thin wire electrode is used to destroy a small area of brain tissue

a thin wire electrode is used to destroy a small area of brain tissue

A new therapeutic technique known as deep brain stimulation (DBS) is showing promise in the treatment of __________. A) phobias B) mania C) personality disorders D) anorexia nervosa where other treatments have failed

anorexia nervosa where other treatments have failed

In the context of positive mental health, which of the following are general strategies highlighted in the text? A) eating what you can, when you can, and sleeping 7 to 8 hours a night B) caring for your mind and body by getting enough sleep and exercising on a regular basis, preferably outdoors C) spending most of your time indoors and working as much as possible D) practicing yoga and eating a high-fiber diet

caring for your mind and body by getting enough sleep and exercising on a regular basis, preferably outdoors

Family therapy is a form of group therapy in which __________. A) nonprofessionals lead a selected group of family members with similar concerns B) the entire family participates, as no one person is seen as the problem C) family members meet to single out the individual who is causing problems in the family dynamic D) psychology professionals treat their own family members

the entire family participates, as no one person is seen as the problem

Both therapists and clients play significant roles in therapy. In order for psychotherapy to be the most effective, __________. A) the therapist should maintain physical and emotional distance from the client, who should only say what he or she thinks the therapist wants to hear B) therapists should choose one style of therapy and apply it to every one of their clients C) the therapist must be empathetic and provide a protected setting for clients to reveal their feelings and private thoughts D) both clients and therapists should avoid openness and warmth in their relationship

the therapist must be empathetic and provide a protected setting for clients to reveal their feelings and private thoughts

Behavior-based therapies are __________ based, while psychodynamic and humanistic therapies are __________ based. A) insight, action B) action, insight C) rationale, medically D) medically, action

Action, insight

Why are antidepressants taking the place of many antianxiety drugs in the treatment of anxiety disorders? A) Antianxiety drugs are actually no longer available. B) Antianxiety drugs may be addictive and have more side effects. C) Antidepressants are more cost effective. D) Antianxiety drugs are becoming less effective.

Antianxiety drugs may be addictive and have more side effects.

Dewayne gets a text message from his girlfriend saying that she will have to work overtime tonight. Dewayne immediately assumes his girlfriend is seeing someone else at work. Beck would say that Dewayne has engaged in what type of distorted thinking? A) arbitrary inference B) selective thinking C) personalization D) overgeneralization

Arbitrary inference

Barbara's therapist tells her that she is applying arbitrary inference to her thinking, which ultimately is causing her to be depressed. Which of the following is an example of arbitrary inference? A) Barbara focuses strictly on a single negative event while ignoring less negative aspects. B) Barbara maximizes the bad things she experiences while minimizing the good aspects of life. C) Barbara tends to overgeneralize a single bad event and assume all things about her life are failing. D) Barbara tends to jump to conclusions with little or no evidence to support her beliefs.

Barbara tends to jump to conclusions with little or no evidence to support her beliefs.

Catherine runs a weekly meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous, and several dozen members come every week. In addition, each week some new members show up to see what the group is all about, and some members who were there the previous week do not return. Which of the following is most likely true about Catherine? A) Catherine is probably a licensed psychiatrist. B) Catherine has probably never experienced a substance-related problem herself. C) Catherine has likely experienced some problems with alcohol in her past and is probably not a professional therapist. D) Catherine is probably a licensed psychologist.

Catherine has likely experienced some problems with alcohol in her past and is probably not a professional therapist.

Which of the following clients would probably get the least benefit from a humanistic therapy? A) Colin, who is bright but confused about self-image B) Cole, who is very talkative and open in discussing feelings C) Colleen, who enjoys exploring the inner workings of the mind D) Cody, who has a hard time putting thoughts and feelings into words in a logical manner

Cody, who has a hard time putting thoughts and feelings into words in a logical manner

Yvonne sat down with her daughter, Angela, and together wrote out a list of things that Angela was expected to do each day and the rewards she would get if she accomplished them, as well as the penalties she would face if she did not do them. This is most like which technique? A) contingency contracting B) extinction C) time-out D) token economy

Contingency contracting

What do studies show about the overall effectiveness of cybertherapy? A) It is a fad, and studies indicate that cybertherapy is relatively ineffective. B) There currently are not enough studies to indicate whether cybertherapy is or is not effective. C) Studies indicate that many clients who use online chat as part of their cybertherapy often stop showing up after 1 or 2 sessions. D) Cybertherapy can be effective for people who otherwise might be unable to get to a therapist.

Cybertherapy can be effective for people who otherwise might be unable to get to a therapist.

Typical antipsychotic drugs work by blocking what neurotransmitter? A) norepinephrine B) serotonin C) epinephrine D) dopamine

Dopamine

Through the use of __________, person-centered therapists convey they are trying to understand the experience of the person with whom they are working. A) authenticity B) unconditional positive regard C) reflection D) empathy

Empathy

__________ treatment refers to techniques or interventions that have produced desired outcomes or therapeutic change in controlled studies. A) Clinically valid B) Insurance-approved C) Client-friendly D) Evidence-based

Evidence-based

For both children and adults, and for many undesirable behaviors, the use of __________ or some form of "time-out" can be quite effective. A) arbitrary inference B) positive reinforcement C) negative reinforcement D) extinction

Extinction

Erika and William, along with their children Maximillian and Stella, are all seeing a psychologist to help work through some difficulties that have been occurring in their home. From time to time, their therapist opts to work with one of them instead of all four at once. This group of individuals is receiving __________ therapy. A) group B) family C) psychodynamic D) self-help group

Family

Pat and Jan have stressful lives and are trying to get it all done. They don't like to exercise, and both have hectic schedules. They are starting to feel physically and mentally fatigued so both want to create downtime and start a fitness routine. Based on the information in this section, what might they choose to do if they want to maximize their efforts? A) Have a goal of an hour and a half of high-intensity indoor aerobics every weekday and create downtime by playing Fortnite all weekend. B) Join a competitive midnight Wii Bowling league. C) Find a secluded, windowless room in which to take 16-minute breaks every 6 hours they are on campus and take a 3-hour, once-a-week, ballroom dance fitness class on Saturdays. D) Find or create opportunities to take breaks or exercise outdoors—do so together if it will help them keep their commitments.

Find or create opportunities to take breaks or exercise outdoors—do so together if it will help them keep their commitments.

To overcome her fear of balloons, because of the loud sound they might suddenly make should they pop, Nicole must sit in a room filled with balloons while the therapist pops each one. After a while, Nicole realizes that her fear is unjustified and even begins to pop balloons herself. This technique is known as __________. A) extinction B) aversion therapy C) systematic desensitization D) flooding

Flooding

Dr. Ellington is directive in his approach with clients. He pays close attention to body language and often focuses on a client's denied past. What type of therapeutic approach is Dr. Ellington using? A) behavioral approach B) group approach C) humanistic approach D) Gestalt approach

Gestalt approach

What are some basic proactive strategies for taking care of your mental and physical health? A) Work as hard and as fast as you can throughout the school term and recuperate during breaks. B) Sleep when you can during the week and longer on the weekends, and eat what is fast and convenient. C) Get enough sleep, exercise on a regular basis, and eat a healthy diet. D) Conserve energy by camping out on the couch and soothe stress by binging on comfort foods and Netflix.

Get enough sleep, exercise on a regular basis, and eat a healthy diet.

Which of the following is not a noted advantage of group psychotherapy? A) Group therapy is appropriate for anyone, so it is more "available" to those with personal struggles. B) Group therapy offers emotional support from people facing similar challenges. C) Group therapy is less expensive than individual psychotherapy. D) Group therapy offers social support from people facing similar challenges.

Group therapy is appropriate for anyone, so it is more "available" to those with personal struggles.

Dr. Collins uses exposure-based therapies to treat many of her patients. Client A is actually confronted with the situation that causes her anxiety, while Client B is asked to think about and visualize the frightening situation. Client A's treatment method would be described as __________, while Client B's treatment method is __________. A) imaginal, virtual B) systematic, in vivo C) in vivo, imaginal D) virtual, in vivo

In vivo, imaginal

Angel is going to a therapist to gain a better understanding of why he has self-destructive relationships with all his friends. This type of therapy is known as __________ therapy. A) biomedical B) insight C) action D) behavioral

Insight

As part of the medical treatment trial she is participating in for severe and suicidal depression, Aldina was given __________, which is being investigated due to its seemingly immediate, although short-term, effects. A) lithium B) ketamine C) valproic acid D) paroxetine

Ketamine

The hidden meaning of a dream is the __________ content, according to Freud. A) manifest B) sexual C) latent D) repressed

Latent

In which of the following cases would a humanistic approach probably be least effective as the first choice of treatment? A) Felicia, a homemaker who is experiencing relationship issues in her marriage B) Miranda, a corporate executive who suffers from marked delusions and active auditory hallucinations C) Leilani, a university professor who has feelings of inadequacy D) Kayla, a professional musician who feels worthless and suffers from moderate depression

Miranda, a corporate executive who suffers from marked delusions and active auditory hallucinations

What differentiates motivational interviewing from person-centered therapy? A) Motivational interviewing is a behavioral therapeutic technique, while person-centered therapy is a biomedical therapy. B) Motivational interviewing allows the client to talk about anything he or she wishes, while traditional person-centered therapy is more direct. C) Motivational interviewing has specific goals of reducing ambivalence about change and increasing intrinsic motivation to bring changes about, while traditional person-centered therapy does not. D) Motivational interviewing focuses on unconscious motives, while traditional person-centered therapy focuses on the self.

Motivational interviewing has specific goals of reducing ambivalence about change and increasing intrinsic motivation to bring changes about, while traditional person-centered therapy does not.

Research shows that African American clients prefer a therapist __________ while Asian men prefer a __________ therapist. A) of the same culture, Hispanic B) who is female, White C) of the opposite sex, male D) of the same sex, female

Of the opposite sex, male

John's son Cade was afraid of dogs. John took Cade to a therapist to help him overcome his fear but was surprised when the therapist brought a dog into the room. At first Cade was asked to watch from across the room as the therapist showed him how to approach and pet the dog and not grab its tail. Eventually, Cade was asked to come over and mimic the behavior he had observed. After just a few sessions, Cade was no longer fearful of dogs. What technique did the therapist use with Cade? A) participant modeling B) virtual exposure C) aversion therapy D) flooding

Participant modeling

Motivational interviewing is an alternative therapy to what therapeutic approach? A) psychodynamic therapy B) person-centered therapy C) group therapy D) Gestalt therapy

Person-centered therapy

Mason's wife comes home angry from her job, and he immediately assumes that he has done something wrong. Such irrational thinking is an example of __________. A) selective thinking B) overgeneralization C) arbitrary inference D) personalization

Personalization

Although the term may apply to many therapies, "transference" is typically associated with __________ therapies. A) psychodynamic B) humanistic C) behavioral D) biomedical

Psychodynamic

With regard to treatment of psychological disorders, many psychological professionals believe medications work best in combination with __________. A) psychotherapy B) psychosurgery C) deep brain stimulation D) electroconvulsive therapy

Psychotherapy

Taylor tends to blow negative events out of proportion to their importance (magnification) while ignoring relevant positive events (minimization). What therapeutic technique may work best to help Taylor? A) virtual therapy B) group therapy C) bilateral anterior cingulotomy D) rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Which therapy style requires the therapist to actively confront a client's irrational beliefs? A) person-centered B) rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) C) frontal lobotomy D) cognitive restructuring

Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Which of the following may be an effective option for some concerns if there isn't a therapist available in your local community? A) psychodynamic therapy B) group therapy C) self-help group D) family therapy

Self-help group

Today's electroconvulsive shock therapy is often quite useful in the treatment of __________. A) schizophrenia B) mild anxiety C) dissociative identity disorder D) severe depression

Severe depression

Dr. Cavendish is trying to establish what is known as a therapeutic alliance with her clients. What specifically should she do to accomplish this goal? A) She should openly consult with others on all cases to ensure quality therapeutic treatment. B) She should work to better understand the disorder that she is treating. C) She should be more confrontational in her approach so as to make clients aware of their difficulties. D) She should be more empathetic and caring when working with her clients

She should be more empathetic and caring when working with her clients

Dr. Kali works with clients to help them learn deep relaxation. Next, he has them list their fears from least to most anxiety provoking. Finally, Dr. Kali slowly exposes his clients to each of their fears and assists them in gaining control of their anxiety. His approach is best known as __________. A) aversion therapy B) flooding C) fear therapy D) systematic desensitization

Systematic desensitization

Prolonged use of antipsychotic medication can lead to a side effect called __________, which is characterized by involuntary facial and tongue movements (e.g., grimacing, constant chewing), or repetitive involuntary jerks or dance-like movements of the arms and legs. A) agranulocytosis B) synesthesia C) tardive dyskinesia D) neuromalignant disorder

Tardive dyskinesia