PSYC-101 Quiz 4 (Chapters 5, 6, & 7) *

Brandon had a fear of dogs. To extinguish this fear, his mother baked him his favorite cake and gradually brought a dog closer to him while he ate the cake. In this scenario, Brandon's mother used? a) cognitive mapping; b) negative reinforcement; c) counterconditioning; d) regularization

Counterconditioning

(True or False) Because psychologists have engaged in thousands of studies on intelligence, they unequivocally agree on the definition of intelligence

False

(True or False) Consider a child who is burned by touching a hot stove. The sight of the stove may evoke fear, and because hearing the word stove may evoke a mental image of the stove, just hearing the word may evoke fear. The child shows discrimination towards the hot stove.

False

(True or False) In divergent thinking, thought is limited to present facts, the problem solver narrows his or her thinking to find the best solution, whereas, in convergent thinking, the problem solver associates freely to the elements of the problem, allowing "leads" to run a nearly limitless course

False

(True or False) Ivan Pavlov proved that reflexes cannot be learned by association.

False

(True or False) Media violence and aggressive video games decrease viewers' level of emotional arousal.

False

(True or False) Recall is the easiest type of memory task, making multiple-choice tests easier than fill-in-the-blani.

False

(True or False) Studies generally suggest that the heritability of intelligence is less than 20%

False

(True or False) The Weschler intelligence scale yielded the mental age score

False

Which of the following is true about anterograde amnesia? a) it is the failure to remember events that caused an accident or occurred prior to an accident; b) it is the inability to recall events that occurred prior to the age of three or so; c) it is the failure to remember the events that occurred after a physical trauma; d) it is the inability to recall events that took place in childhood.

It is the failure to remember the events that occurred after a physical trauma

Which of following statements is true of prospective memory? a) moods and attitudes affect prospective memory; b) prospective memory is permanent and easily accessible; c) task executions are controlled by prospective memory; d) prospective memory is declarative in nature.

Moods and attitudes affect prospective memory

If the _______ is damaged, a person can form visual memories but not verbal memories. a) limbic system; b ) hippocampus; c) thalamus; d) optic nerve.

Thalamus

(True or False) Anterograde amnesia is a failure to remember events that occurred after physical trauma because of the effect of the trauma, while retrograde amnesia is failure to remember events that occurred prior to physical trauma because of the effects of the trauma.

True

(True or False) In classical conditioning, Extinction is the process by which stimuli lose their ability to evoke learned responses because the events that had followed the stimuli no longer occur.

True

Prior to conditioning, Michael salivates in response to lasagna placed in his mouth. Using classical conditioning terms, the food would be labeled the _____, while Michael salivating would be labeled the _____. a) conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus; b) conditioned stimulus, conditioned response; c) unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response; d) unconditioned response, unconditioned stimulus

Unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response

The Macarthur Longitudinal Twin Study found that _________ were more similar than fraternal twins in spatial memory, ability to categorize things, and word comprehension. a) false twins; b) dizygotic twins; c) monozygotic twins; d) bipovykar twins.

monozygotic twins

Research on the biology of memory involving the visual cortex of rats reared in stimulating environments and the stimulation of certain synapses in sea snails suggests that: a) the engram is generalized throughout the entire cortex; b) myelination is not critical to memory formation in the brain; c) neurotransmitters have no role to play in memory processes; d) neural events may be involved in memory

Neural events may be involved in memory.

(True or False) Memory may be defined as the processes by which information is encoded, storage, and retrieval.

True

(True or False) With well-known information such as our names and occupations, retrieval is effortless and rapid

True

(True or False) You had not heard the song that you and your previous boyfriend used to listen to in years. Upon hearing it again you were surprised by all of the mixed emotions that you were experiencing. This is an example of spontaneous recovery.

True

In _______, the problem solver associates freely to the elements of the problem, allowing "leads" to run a nearly limitlessness course. a) triangulation; b) convergent thinking; c) centration; d) divergent thinking.

divergent thinking

Max is a waiter in a coffee chop. he gets pain every day at 9 p.m. regardless of the number of customers he serves during the day. In this situation Max's payment is based on the. a) fixed-ratio schedule; b) variable-interval schedule; c) fixed-interval schedule; d) variable-ratio schedule

fixed-interval schedule

Positive reinforcement ________ the probability of a behavior occurring, and negative reinforcement _____ the probability of a behavior occurring. a) decreases, increases; b) increases, decreases c) increases, increases; d) decreases, decreases

increases; increases

Ava, a four-year girl, combines words to form her own sentences. In this scenario, Ava is demonstrating. a) regularization; b) cognitive dissonance; c) infinite creativity; d) centration

infinite creativity

In the context or classical conditioning, _______ helps organisms adapt to situations that recur from time to time. a) cognitive dissonance; b) genotypic variation; c) free association; d) spontaneous recovery

spontaneous recovery