PSYC 107 Exam 3 Smallman

Dr. Archana is a psychotherapist who believes she should be open and accepting of her clients and not label them or judge them. Dr. Archana uses the ______ approach to therapy. Her willingness to listen to her client without evaluating them is known as _____.

. person-centered; unconditional positive regard

Moods

Affective states that operate in the background of consciousness and tend to last longer than most emotions

Katie is friends with Jason, even though Jason always takes her for granted, is critical of her, and always seems a little distant. Jason is low on which Big 5 trait?

Agreeableness

Janika has known Daniel a long time. Janika describes Daniel as a person who is "primarily friendly, fun-loving, and sensitive" because he has always been this way and he acts this way in most situations. What theory of personality best fits with her description?

Allport's trait theory

Katie Ann is very particular. She likes her apartment to be overly organized and clean. Things have to be done correctly, or she gets upset. Katie Ann probably has unresolved conflict originating from which of Freud's psychosocial stages?

Anal

Buffy keeps going around ramming wooden stakes through the hearts of Sunnydale's students. She doesn't feel bad about it at all. Her guidance counselor thinks she may have what personality disorder?

Antisocial

Ana takes a personality test online. The results say that she scores high on the extraversion dimension of personality, and so she is also likely to be assertive, energetic, and outgoing. What theory of personality best fits this description?

Big Five model

When Rebecca's aunt was suffering from bipolar disorders, Rebecca thought the best course of action was prescription drugs. Rebecca believes in the _____ causes of mental illness

Biological

Emotions

Brief, acute changes in conscious experience and physiology that occur in response to meaningful situations in the person's environment

Val sees an out of control bicyclist racing toward her on the quad. Neuronal signals travel simultaneously to her cerebral cortex to her autonomic nervous system, allowing her to experience the emotion of fear and a physiological reaction at the same time. This example best illustrates which theory of emotion?

Cannon-Bard

You are a clinical psychologist meeting with a schizophrenic patient who says to you: "My real name is Abel. A bel. You know, like Ma Bell, Bell jar, Bella Jordon, Batman in the bel...". What symptom has the patient just revealed?

Clang association

Lori trusts her psychologist. She can tell that when he says something to her, that he really means it, and isn't just saying what she wants to hear. According to Carl Rogers, this is an example of _____

Congruence

Stephanie is 5'7'' 100 lbs, and seems to be anorexic. She vehemently insists that she is NOT too thin. She is displaying...

Denial

Ryan's sister is visiting for thanksgiving. She always gets on Ryan's nerves, and this year is no exception. While walking the dog after dinner, Ryan is uncharacteristically stern with the leash. This is an example of what defense mechanism?

Displacement

"Where am I?, what is my name?" Daisy wakes up very confused. She can't remember anything about herself, but she does wake up in the same bed she has been sleeping in for years. What dissociated disorder is she experiencing?

Dissociative amnesia

Davie thinks that his essay in his history class should get a few more points. When he talks with his teacher, the initially asks for full credit on the question. The TA refuses full credit, but eventually gives Davie a couple more points. Davie used what strategy to get more points?

Door-in-the-face

Victor has not started on his psychology paper, and it is due in two days. He calls his friend Christy and asks if she will write his paper for him. "No way!" she responds. Four hours later, Victor calls her back and asks if he can look at her paper to get some ideas. This time, she says, "I guess so." Victor has just used which technique for inducing compliance?

Door-in-the-face

Dasani puts sodium chloride (salt) in their water. Which theory of motivation BEST explains why people might buy more Dasani than another brand of water?

Drive reduction Model

Self Concious Emotions

Emotions that require a sense of self & the ability to reflect on actions

Norm, Cliff, and Frazier go into a bar. They notice that Coach, the bartender, is nowhere to be seen. Norm says, "I'm thirsty, and I want a drink now!" Cliff looks around and adds, "I think it'll be ok if we serve ourselves." "Stop right there!" commands Frazier, "It is wrong to steal!" Whose behavior is most consistent with Freud's notion of the superego?

Frazier's

Homer says he is happy his neighbor Ned is loved by everyone in town. His therapist points how that Homer's words don't match up with the face he is rolling his eyes and making faces when he says how happy he is for Ned. Homer goes to what type of therapist?

Gestalt

Diya says she is "Sooooooo sick. I don't know...it's my bladder, spleen, or intestines that have been giving me pains all week. Is it a flu? Rickets? The plague? At least the aspirin is working." Diagnosis?

Hypochondriasis

Hierarchial Model

If stuck on island, first is Physiological, then safety, the belongingness

Catherine Zeta-Jones and Michael Douglas' marriage may be explained by _____ because he was wealthy enough to provide for her and she was young enough to have children.

Instinct theory

David is entering a photography contest. Even though there is only a small monetary award, he works very hard to provide his best work. He is driven by _____ motivation.

Intrinsic

Lisa and Lori are studying when a very attractive male stops by to visit. Lisa's palms start to sweat, her heart rate increases, and her stomach seems to do flip-flops. In contrast, Lori's face flushes, her muscles tense up and her hands feel cold. Each woman experiences a different emotion based solely on the differences in their physiological responses to the situation. This best demonstrates the _____ theory of emotion.

James-Lange

Calab experiences periods of extreme elation, hyperactivity, and boundless energy as well as periods of overwhelming sadness, loss of interest in activities, and feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. Which of the following medications would most likely be used to treat Calab's disorder?

Lithium

In high school there is a great desire to make friends and be part of a group. According to Maslow, which stage of motivation would most teenagers be in?

Love/belonging

Eeyore is feeling down. He thinks nobody likes him and he is worthless. Poor Eeyore. Christopher Robin thinks he has a major depressive disorder. If this is true, what symptom would he probably not have?

Manic episodes

Natalie is part of a group protesting the violence in the Middle East by sitting out in the quad for several days without food, water, or shelter. Natalie's behavior provides evidence AGAINST ____ theory of motivation.

Maslow's hierarchy

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Needs at lower level must be met before moving on to higher level needs

You are a clinical psychologist meeting with a schizophrenic patient who says to you: "As a means of instumpulating my desire to be friends, let me tell you how much I love that outfit." What symptom has the patient just revealed?

Neologism

Howie is frightened of germs and thinks about them a lot. He gets anxious and about keeping his hands clean and won't shake hands with anyone. He washes his hands dozens of time each day to get rid of the germs. Howie has been diagnosed with

OCD

Emotional Motivation

Panic, Fear, love and hatred

Social Motivation

Peer Pressure

Optimal Arousal Model

People strive to find the peak arousal that satisfies them

Cognitive Motivation

Perceptions, beliefs and expectations

Corinne has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She wants to see a health care professional who is able to prescribe medicine for relief of some of the symptoms related to schizophrenia. Which of the following health care professionals should Corinne see?

Psychiatrist

Joann sees her shrink once a week. During these sessions she lies on a couch with Dr. Kelso behind her. Dr. Kelso often asks about her dreams and tries to help her understand their meaning. This is what type of therapy?

Psychoanalysis

Joann sees her shrink once a week. During these sessions she lies on a couch with Dr. Kelso behind her. Dr. Kelso often asks about her dreams and tries to help her understand their meaning. This is what type of therapy?

Psychodynamic

Stephanie is 5'7'' 100 lbs, and seems to be anorexic. She justifies her weight by saying that she is small-boned. She is displaying...

Rationalization

Stephanie is 5'7'' 100 lbs, and seems to be anorexic. When her parents express concern over her not eating, she gorges herself on fatty foods. She is displaying...

Reaction formation

Basic emotions

Set of emotions that are common to all humans sadness, happiness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise

Randy always has a dream that he is goes to school naked and people laugh and point at him. As a result, he gets anxious and fearful when he goes to school. Randy suffers from a(n)_____ phobia

Social

Stephanie is 5'7'' 100 lbs, and seems to be anorexic. She volunteers to work with girls to help them avoid the dangers associated with a desire to be thin. She is displaying...

Sublimation

Affect

Term used to refer to a variety of emotional phenomena

You are a clinical psychologist with 4 patients. Which has a personality disorder that is part of the dramatic-erratic cluster?

Tina, who overreacts to everything and needs to be the center of attention.

Evolutionary model

Ultimate goal is to enhance survival, this is done with instincts

After chewing on a power cord, Biscotti the cat gets a nasty shock. Now Biscotti acts as though she is always hungry, eating huge quantities of food many times a day. The shock has probably damaged the ____ in Biscotti's brain that tells her to stop eating.

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Carlos has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Which of these could potentially be his obsession?

Worrying about contacting germs

In a psychology experiment, you are instructed to shock your teaching assistant, who is strapped to a chair in the next room. Assuming you disobeyed such a cold and heartless order, which of the following factors would most likely influence your refusal?

You witnessed another subject refuse to shock the TA.

Caleb has just graduated from college and started his first job. He is very envious of his co-workers because they graduated from college several years before he did and have big new homes, boats, and so on. According to Maslow, Caleb has

a deficiency orientation.

Hugh experiences periods of intense anxiety, where his heart starts to race and he begins to sweat. He can never tell when, where or why this happens, and so worries that it will happen again. Hugh has been diagnosed with

a panic disorder

Ann thinks that all people from the northeast are rude, although she's never been there. She meets Brad, who is from the northeast, and she thinks Brad will be rude. The first statement defines ____, and the second statement defines ____.

a stereotype; prejudice

Joan Rivers wants to be kinder. Her therapist gives Joan gold stars every time she says something positive about other celebrities' fashion sense. These gold stars can later be redeemed for designer clothes. This behavioral technique is called

a token economy.

Franklin attends his psychology instructor's office hours every week. He attends because the instructor doesn't clarify the concepts well enough in class, but he thinks that the other students attend office hours because they are stupid. This is an example of

actor-observer bias

Norwood blames his poor performance in a recent marathon race on his poorly fitted shoes. However, he believes that other runners who did poorly just didn't practice enough. Norwood's reasoning illustrates the

actor-observer bias

Gary is a very sloppy person. His side of the dorm room is always a mess, with clothing thrown all over the floor. In contrast, his roommate, Rajesh, is an extremely neat person. For Rajesh, everything on his side of the room must be in its place, and CDs organized alphabetically. Freud would say Gary is fixated in the ______ stage, and Rajesh is fixated in the _____ stage.

anal; anal

The Wicked Witch of the West has had a long history of immoral and criminal behavior. She does not feel guilty for destroying property in Munchkin Land nor for stealing little dogs, too. The Wicked Witch displays ____ personality disorder.

antisocial

Benzodiazepines are prescribed to relieve __________.

anxiety

Amy hates public speaking. Unfortunately she has to take a speech class in high school. To help her deal with her problem, her doctor prescribes Diazepam. This drug is probably a

anxiolytic

I help children with autism to behave in socially appropriate ways by rewarding them for behaviors that I want them to repeat. I am a _____ therapist.

behavioral

Sabrina is telling her therapist about her fear of flying. Dr. Bono responds, "I am not concerned with how you developed this fear or what it represents, but I can help you, step-by-step, to extinguish it." You now know that Dr. Bono's takes a _____ approach to treatment.

behavioral

Bozo has been able to juggle three balls for years. He just recently learned to juggle four. After riding an exciting roller coaster, he will be _____ at three balls and _____ at four balls.

better/worse

Batman was severely unhappy, had problems eating and sleeping, and did not leave the Bat Cave for long periods of time. Three weeks later, he had boundless energy, running around catching criminals and engaging in impulsive acts. This pattern continues to repeat. Batman most likely has

bipolar

Kermit describes his friend, Miss Piggy, as usually very outgoing and loud. However, he also says that she is caring and sensitive on rare occasions when they are alone in a romantic restaurant. According to Allport's trait theory, in this example "outgoing" and "loud" are ____ traits and "caring and sensitive" are ____ traits.

central; secondary

I give my clients homework to show them how restructuring their self-defeating thoughts can lead to more adaptive thoughts. I am a _____ therapist.

cognitive

Giovanni and Lili are classmates and sit next to each other. One day during class, the fire alarm went off and both Giovanni and Lili experienced increased heart rates. Giovanni interpreted it as romantic interest in Lili, whereas Lili interpreted it as fear. Giovanni's and Lili's different interpretations are best explained by

cognitive arousal/two-factor.

Brendan doesn't like Psychology, but he is taking an Introductory Psychology because his advisor told him he had to. Due to _____, Brendan will probably like the class _____ by the end of the semester

cognitive dissonance; more

Edith and Wayne have been together for 45 years, and they have found that the passion has faded from their marriage. Yet, they are still quite committed to each other and they share their most intimate feelings. According to Sternberg's triangular theory, Edith and Wayne are experiencing _____ love.

companionate

Alan has four very close friends, all of whom smoke. Alan has never had a desire to smoke, and his friends have never asked or told him to smoke. Nevertheless, he feels compelled to start smoking. The force that is pushing Alan to start smoking is known as

conformity

Nemo the fish is anxious about swimming past the reef into the scary ocean. Although there is no real physical cause for his symptoms, his fins suddenly appear to be paralyzed so that he cannot swim. Nemo is displaying

conversion disorder

The patient's foot was unconsciously tapping to the beat of the music even though she claimed to be totally deaf. She has a _______

conversion disorder

Physiology Of Emotion

damage to amygdala keeps you from reading emotions/facial expressions • Limbic system and amygdala o learning, recognizing, and perceiving emotions o damage to amygdala = can't read emotions o trouble with appraisal: an evaluation of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus

When the Illini last won the Big Ten Championship, thousands of fans went wild, mobbing the field, tearing down the goalposts, and keeping the team on the field. These are all actions that individual fans would probably not have done on their own. Their behavior in this situation is an example of

deindividuation

Freida, an ambitious CEO of a major banking corporation in Boston, experienced a major trauma. She then seemed to disappear. Several months later, she was found by police officers in Illinois. She answered to the name Helen Price, and she worked at amusement park selling balloons. Freida is most likely experiencing

dissociative fugue

Tina, who overreacts to everything and needs to be the center of attention. She has personality disorder that is part of the ______

dramatic-erratic cluster

Gaby has been depressed and suicidal for many years. Psychotherapy and medication have not helped her depression. Because of this, her psychiatrist may recommend that she undergo

electroconvulsive therapy

After jogging three miles, you become very angry at your roommate for doing something that would normally irritate you just a little. Is an example of _______.

excitation transfer

Sabrina's therapist recommended ECT for her depression. Accordingly, Sabrina will

experience convulsions

Biological Motivation

food, water, sleep, sex

Professor Leeds asked for volunteers to sign a petition for a community center. The next week, he asked those who had signed the petition if they would agree to come to the center once every two weeks and tutor a child. Professor Leeds is using the compliance technique known as the

foot-in-the-door technique

Natalie is part of a group protesting the violence in the Middle East by sitting out in the quad for several days without food, water, or shelter. Natalie's behavior provides evidence AGAINST ____ model of motivation.

hierarchial

The majority of people know that a 15 % tip is expected. Describes a/an _______.

injunctive norm

Meg won't eat. Lois thinks it is because she is depressed. But Peter thinks it is because she fell out the window and damaged her

lateral hypothalamus

Lana, a beautiful, tall young woman has just become engaged to her boss, Stephen, an unattractive, middle-aged, bald, short investment banker. Lana and Stephen's relationship seems to violate the

matching hypothesis

While watching a movie, Casey's stomach growls. She tells her friend "I am really craving popcorn and candy." Her hunger is a ____ while her craving for popcorn and candy is a _____.

need/drive

You ask your doctor to examine your sore throat. Surprisingly, she demands that you remove your Chicago Bulls hat and coat. If you take off your hat and coat, you have

obeyed

Craig likes to listen to music while he does his homework because he says it helps him remain attentive and perform better. Sally feels that she does best on her homework when she is not distracted, so she studies in a quiet room with no other people around. Which model of motivation best explains the difference between Craig and Sally's study habits?

optimal-arousal model

Bert is unconsciously attracted to Ernestine, his best friend's girlfriend. Consciously, however, whenever Bert talks about Ernestine, he says how dumb and ugly she is. This example best demonstrates which defense mechanism?

reaction formation

Natalie is a single mom who wants to send her daughter to private school. When she meets rich man who wants to marry her, she says yes even she does not love him. According to Maslow, Natalie's behavior suggests that she is motivated to satisfy her ____ needs.

safety

It is talent show time in the dorm. Jay is nervous about singing. He sounds good when he practices alone in his dorm room. But when he gets up to perform in front of the whole dorm he does an amazing job. This is an example of _____.

social facilitation

Elena is working on a team project for her computer science class. She finds that many people on the team do not complete their assigned tasks. Elena has discovered a social psychology phenomenon known as

social loafing

Belinda has a fear of blood and needles. Her therapist treats her by teaching her to relax, and then asks her to imagine a series of stimuli, such as a needle on a table, the needle being held by a doctor, the needle piercing a patient's skin, the needle filling with blood, and so on. This process is known as

systematic desensitization

"I'm hungry and I've got to eat a 12 inch sub now! is a message that might be sent by _______?

the ID

Mark wants to wash and wax the car. Before he can get started, his son asks him to fix his tricycle. Then his daughter asks him to show her how to throw a curveball. Finally, when his wife asks him to help her take down the storm windows, he aggressively throws down the hose and curses. Mark's behavior is most consistent with

the frustration-aggression hypothesis

After running for 8 miles, Josh feels very thirsty and is motivated to drink a huge glass of water. According to drive reduction theory, Josh does this

to restore homeostasis

After running for 8 miles, Josh feels very thirsty and is motivated to drink a huge glass of water. According to the drive reduction model, Josh does this

to restore homeostasis

Dr. Tokarz and her client, Guillermo, are discussing their relationship. Dr. Tokarz says, "I think that you are treating me the way you would treat your older sister." Dr. Tokarz is commenting on Guillermo's

transference

While Richard is flying around the world, his balloon crashes is New Guinea. Since the natives have never seen European culture they be able to

understand some emotions (like happiness).

Drive Reduction Model

• motivation to balance biological needs • maintain homeostasis • imbalance in homeostasis creates a: o need: biological requirement for well-being o drive: psychological state that provides motivation o Incentive: external object or event that motivates behavior