psyc 230
Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval. This is called
transfer-appropriate processing.
The primary effect of chunking is to increase the efficiency of short-term memory.
true
The ability to manipulate information in memory temporarily while remembering something else is called
working memory.
Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of ___________ in long-term memory.
retrieval cues
Remembering that a tomato is a fruit rather than a vegetable is an example of ___________ memory.
semantic
The cocktail party effect is
the ability to pay attention to one stimulus while filtering out other stimuli.
With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when
the color and the name differed.
This multiple-choice question is an example of a ___________ test.
recognition
___________________________ is the process by which features such as color, form, motion, and location are combined to create our perception of a coherent object.
Binding
Which of the following represents the most effective chunking of the digit sequence 14929111776?
1492 911 1776
________________________________________ transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption.
Consolidation
Treatment of PTSD has benefitted from research on reconsolidation.
True
Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli?
Dichotic listening
Research on the use of cell phones while driving indicates that the problem with cell phones is that attention is distracted from the task of driving by the need to hold the phone and drive with one hand.
False
Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for recent memories.
False
Working memory and short-term memory differ most in terms of cognitive velocity.
False
___________________ memories are those that we are not aware of.
Implicit
According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words?
Making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned
Which of the following involves procedural memory?
Reading a sentence in a book
Imagine yourself walking from your car, bus stop, or dorm to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory?
The visuospatial sketch pad
In which of the following examples of two different brain-injured patients (Tom and Tim) is a double dissociation demonstrated?
Tom has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory, while Tim has good episodic memory but poor semantic memory.
A Scene schema is knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene.
True
The difficulty we have in recognizing even an obvious alteration in a scene is called ___________________ blindness.
change
Imagine you are driving to a friend's new house. In your mind, you say the address repeatedly until you arrive. To remember the address, you used a(n) _______ process in short-term memory.
control
Imagine you are driving to a friend's new house. In your mind, you say the address repeatedly until you arrive. To remember the address, you used a(n)___________process in short-term memory.
control
Elementary school students in the United States are often taught to use the very familiar word "HOMES" as a cue for remembering the names of the Great Lakes (each letter in "HOMES" provides a first-letter cue for one of the lakes: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior). This memory procedure usually works better than repeating the names over and over. The use of this familiar word provides an example of
elaborative rehearsal.
Acquiring information and transforming it into long-term memory is
encoding.
"I remember being really excited last year, when my favorite team won the world championship." This statement is an example of ___________ memory.
episodic
The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true only when agree with them.
false
Research shows that ____________________________ does not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborate processing of the material.
highlighting
If you are folding towels while watching television, you may find that you don't have to pay much attention to the act of folding while keeping up with the storyline on the TV show. Folding the towels would be an example of a(n) ________ task.
low-load
Suppose twin teenagers are vying for their mother's attention. The mother is trying to pay attention to one of her daughters, though both girls are talking (one about her boyfriend, one about a school project). According to the operating characteristics of Treisman's attenuator, it is most likely the attenuator is analyzing the incoming messages in terms of
meaning.
Physiological studies indicate that damage to the brain's ____________ can disrupt behaviors that depend on working memory.
prefrontal cortex
Lucille is teaching Kendra how to play basketball. She explains how to dribble, how shoot, and how to get into a defensive stance. These learned skills that Lucille has acquired are an example of ____________________memory.
procedural
According to memory research, studying is most effective if study sessions are short and across several days.
True
According to your text, 50 First Dates is the movies with the LEAST accurate portrayal of a memory problem.
True
Illusory conjunctions are combinations of features from different stimuli.
True
One of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that people are not conscious they are using it.
True
The primacy effect is attributed to
recall of information stored in long-term memory.
The ability to manipulate information in memory temporarily while remembering something else is called working memory.
True