PSYC 4541 - Cannabis & Health Final Review

NCCIH estimates that the annual cost of chronic pain in the U.S. is around:

$635 billion

For a cannabis plant to be considered hemp, the THC level must not exceed

0.3%

What is the minimum number of DSM V symptoms a patient needs to endorse to meet criteria for opioid use disorder?

2

In the article by Etges et al. (2016), when patients were first prescribed THC:CBD, they were advised that it might take up to ____ to find an optimal dose

2 weeks

Sleep is essential for survival, and the ASA article furthers this point by citing a study involving rats. While rats normally live for _______, rats deprived of all sleep stages only live about ________.

2-3 years; 3 weeks

In the 2016 National Health survey, what percent of people had chronic pain?

20.4%

Dr. Beth Darnall discussed a pilot study in which her team monitored patients as they tapered their opioid use. They measured cannabis use among this sample and found which of the following? (Select all that apply)

37% of the sample used cannabis

In the article "Prospective analysis of safety efficacy of medical cannabis in large unselected population of patients with cancer," what percentage of patients had treatment success at six months?

60%

In a study discussed in the module on cancer (Schleider et al., 2018), what percentage of participants reported that cannabis did NOT help them at follow-up?

8.3%

What percent of heroin users started with prescription opioids?

80%

Dr. Steve Gust discussed the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology and a day-long conference they recently held. Which of the following organizations did Dr. Gust and Dr. Hutchison mention being involved in the conference? All of the above NIDA NCCIH FDA DEA

All of the above

What age group has the highest rates of TBI-related hospitalizations and deaths?

Adults 75 years and older

In the interview with Dr. Kevin Gray, he mentions that cannabinoids are now being studied as a possible treatment for...

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Which of the following is NOT a psychosocial treatment option for anxiety?

Benzodiazepine medication

Which of the following statements is true?

Blood levels of THC do not seem to correlate with impairment

According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke's Multiple Sclerosis Information page, what is often the initial symptom of MS?

Blurred or double vision, red-green color distortion, or loss of vision in one eye

Which of these is one of the three main phenotypes in cannabis plants?

CBD type

Which of the following is true about the relationship between cannabis and treatment/medication adherence?

Cannabis does not seem to have any effect on adherence with the exception of adherence to anti-psychotics

Which of the following conclusions is false regarding the relationship between cannabis use and brain morphology?

Cannabis use is completely harmless on the brain

In the interview with Dr. Ziva Cooper, how does she explain the Opioid Sparing Effect?

Combining an opioid with THC results in pain relief while also decreasing the dose of the opioid needed and decreasing the adverse effects of the opioid (i.e. tolerance, dependence, abuse liability)

Which of the following is NOT a reason for differences in the results of studies that involve neuroimaging and cannabis use?

Differences in CB1 receptors

Which of the following is NOT a type of chronic pain?

biogenic

Which country's delegate convinced other countries to view cannabis as a drug that makes people psychotic or crazy?

Egypt

The placebo effect has a substantial influence on the effects of medications observed in studies, including cannabis. Why is it difficult to use a placebo condition in cannabis research?

Experienced cannabis users can easily distinguish a placebo cannabis treatment from an actual cannabis treatment

Which of the following treatments is NOT listed by the NCCIH as a solution to chronic pain?

Gabapentin

Which of these compounds is NOT found in cannabis?

Glycerol

Which of the following is false regarding Dr. Russell Bowler's research?

His study is a randomized control trial, as opposed to the ideal observational study design, due to funding reasons

Which of the following is an opioid replacement therapy?

buprenorphine

Which of these biological factors have a causal role in anxiety disorders?

Hyperactivation of the fear network/limbic system

Maladaptive cognitions/assumptions play a role in anxiety disorders. Which of the following is NOT an example of a maladaptive cognition?

I am in control of my situation

In a large study on prediabetes, patients in which treatment group saw the most benefit?

Intensive lifestyle intervention

Which of the following is false regarding diabetic neuropathy?

It is often treated with anti-psychotics

Which of the following symptoms would indicate that a TBI is MODERATE/SEVERE (rather than mild)?

Loss of consciousness lasting from several minutes to hours

Paradoxically, cannabis use is related to _______ BMI, _____ insulin function, and _______ rates of type 2 diabetes.

Lower; better; lower

Where is the cannabis provided by NIDA sourced from?

Mississippi

Which of these groups has a very high risk of developing PTSD?

combat veterans

Which of the following brain disorders is characterized by damage to nerve fibers and the myelin that surrounds the nerves?

Multiple Sclerosis

Funding is a large limiting factor for conducting cannabis research. Which organization has funded the majority of cannabis research (hint: producing potential biases)?

NIDA

Which of the following is false regarding the development of cancer?

New cells form when they are needed

Which president signed the Controlled Substances Act?

Nixon

Dr. Abrams and Dr. Camidge both spoke about how many patients believe that cannabis can actually cure cancer. Dr. Abrams suggests that what kind of factors lead people to believe this?

Personal testimonials and interpersonal antidotes

What is the most common reason cancer patients provided for using cannabis?

Physical symptoms

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing/having epilepsy?

Playing hockey

Which of the following is considered the "gold standard" in research?

Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Which one of the following is NOT a recommendation from MacCallum and Russo (2018)?

Starting dose should be 10 mg of oral THC

Which of these is true about insomnia/sleep quality?

THC decreases sleep latency

What makes it so difficult for universities to support research on campus?

The Drug Free federal work place act and the threat of loosing federal funds

The "entourage effect" refers to

The interaction of cannabinoids and terpenes

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The legalization of cannabis has clearly been associated with increases in traffic crash fatalities

Describe in 5 sentences or less the most important thing that you have learned thus far in this course. Your Answer:

The most important thing I've learned in this class is the effects cannabis has when being used to treat chronic pain. Prior to these lectures, I didn't know that THC had been proven to reduce opioid addiction and lessen the side effects and overall pain levels that individuals experience. Since learning about this, I have passed the knowledge onto my grandmother who suffers from chronic back pain and arthritis. She now eats THC edibles twice daily and is feeling much better & to me, that means the world.

Which of the following is true regarding cancer and the conversation surrounding THC and CBD?

There are no risks and possible benefits to a higher ratio of CBD to THC

While there is much we do not know about cannabis and cancer, which of the following statements is definitely false?

There is conclusive evidence that cannabis is a valid treatment for cancer in humans

Which of the following was on the market in 1909 in the U.S.?

Tincture of cannabis extract

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for experiencing a harmful effect from cannabis?

Using cannabis at bedtime

Where are phytocannabinoids and terpenoids synthesized?

Within glandular trichomes in secretory cells

Among the following, who is LEAST at risk for chronic pain?

Young men

Which one of the following is an endogenous cannabinoid?

anandamide

Which type of chronic pain is the worldwide leading cause of years lived with disability?

back pain

Anxiety disorders are most frequently co-morbid with what disorder?

depression

Which one of the following is NOT a strength of animal studies on cannabis?

external validity

Benign tumors spread into and invade nearby tissues.

false

Which of the following is NOT a terpene?

glycerol

Which of these compounds is not found in cannabis?

glycerol

The epidemiological evidence suggests that, since 2014, adolescent use of cannabis ______.

has stayed relatively stable

Which of the following is NOT a reason that animal studies on THC may be problematic?

internal validity

Which of the following is NOT true about fentanyl?

it is derived from the poppy

Which of the following is NOT a significant risk of opioid treatment of pain?

liver problems

How would you describe the scientific evidence regarding the effects of cannabis on pain?

modest effect size

Which one of these has not yet been approved by the FDA in the US?

sativex

Which of these is not a predisposing factor of insomnia?

socioeconomic status

In the Consumer Reports article, which of the following was NOT recommended for coming up with a treatment plan?

stop taking all prescribed medications and take CBD

One third of cancer cases are attributable to lifestyle and behavioral factors, including which of the following:

tobacco use

Which of these is not related to obesity?

type I diabetes

In the interview with Dr. Margaret Haney, she suggests that subjects are...

unable to distinguish CBD from placebo

Which one of the following groups is NOT a high risk group for an opioid use disorder?

urban residents

Which is the most important brain region in terms of the rewarding effects of opioids and the region with the most opioid receptors?

ventral tegmental area (VTA)

CBD has a ____ affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors

very low

CBD has a ______ affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors

very low

Which of the following symptoms are NOT common following a cancer diagnosis?

weight gain

When inhaling, THC blood levels reach a maximum _______?

within 30 minutes