PSYC Ch 1-7 Review
A researcher computes a correlation coefficient between variables X and Y using a handheld calculator. Which of the following values would automatically tell the researcher that he or she made a mistake?
2.50
A shift in one's goals is related to a change in one's ________________.
A shift in one's goals is related to a change in one's social roles.
A salesperson has been married for 10 years, but her husband has never seen her do her job. According to the textbook, is her husband or customers better judges of her behavior?
Her customers will be about as accurate as her husband in predicting her behavior at work.
The fact that behavior is frequently determined by multiple causes presents the most significant disadvantage for ____________ data.
L data
Funder and Colvin (1991) brought participants to the lab for two interactions with different people. What result shows the power of the situation?
Participants were more relaxed at session 2 than session 1.
How are the Big Five factors believed to be orthogonal factors of personality?
People's scores on one of the factors do not predict their scores on any of the other factors.
Personality psychologists are currently debating whether young adults in the 21st century are more ________________ than previous generations.
Personality psychologists are currently debating whether young adults in the 21st century are more self-centered and narcissistic than previous generations.
The sole basis on which items are selected for empirically derived personality scales is whether _________________.
The sole basis on which items are selected for empirically derived personality scales is whether their content adequately reflects the construct to be measured.
According to Funder, in what way do personality psychologists appreciate individual
They try to break down individuals and study their components, rather than studying whole persons.
A recent study found that women are more accurate than men in judging others. What was the explanation for this finding?
Women are better than men at knowing what the average person is like.
Linda is taking an intelligence test. During the test, the teachers walk through the halls and chat loudly with each other. Due to these distractions, Linda scores lower on the test than she would have if she had been able to concentrate fully. The influence of the teachers' chatting is an example of _______________.
a measurement error
Increasing the number of items on a test makes it a better instrument according to which principle?
aggregation
A research strategy that involves gathering as many different measurements as you can of a particular construct and determining if those measurements correlate is called ____________.
construct validation
Which design is best suited for addressing the third variable problem?
experimental
The most important advantage of Q-sorting is that it _________________.
forces the judge to compare all the items directly against each other
The fact that much of modern empirical research in psychology has been based on white, middle-class college sophomores may reduce the _____________ of psychological research.
generalizability
What trait is largely independent of integrity tests?
openness
Which Big Five trait has the most inconsistency in cross-cultural replication?
openness
______________ is a drug that can lead to increases in openness to experience that lasts for a year or longer.
psilocybin mushrooms
Personality psychologists who adhere to the _____________ approach focus on identifying, conceptualizing, and measuring the ways in which people differ psychologically from one another.
psychoanalytic
One response to Mischel's critique asserts that a fair review of the research on the predictability of behavior from personality traits indicates that _________________.
the predictability of behavior from personality traits is better than is sometimes acknowledged
_________________ can lead people to become more tolerant of stress and less defensive in general.
writing self-affirmation essays