PSYC Ch. 12, 15-16

According to the lecture, most current forms of psychotherapy are:

Integrative

According to the lecture on Social Psychology, Derek Black's inaccurate attitudes changed . . .

Slowly, from information that was inconsistent with his attitudes

Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?

You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time.

What was the major flaw in the Stanford prison experiment?

Zimbardo did not use a control group.

One explanation for why most therapies seem to work similarly well for general problems involves:

Common factors

Which version of the DSM is currently in use today?

DSM 5

Which of the following are potentially cured with deep brain stimulation

Depression -spectrum disorders

Which of the following are associated with a lack of cognitive biases and harm-avoidance?

Depression-spectrum disorders

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care?

Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized.

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.

Which is characterized by rapid speech:

Mania-spectrum disorders

Stanley Milgrims experiments demonstrated that

Many people have an obedience to authority

What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques?

No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another.

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Which statement about social psychology is most accurate?

People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations

Which of the following is generally the most expensive psychotherapy:

Psychoanalysis therapy

According to Han's Eysenck's 1952 Meta-Analysis, psychotherapy did _______ than no therapy at all.

Slightly worse overall

Which of the following does group diversity potentially reduce?

Social loafing

Earl Long's hospitalization demonstrates

That mental illness carries stigma, and can be politically weaponized

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it.

The word "aversion" should be changed to the word "exposure."

Which of the following are the best therapists, per the consumer reports study

They are all similar

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is incorrect?

This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

In Leon Festinger's study, which group was most likely to tell others the group was fun?

Those that got paid $1

Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior?

Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries.

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

all-or-nothing thinking

Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

all-or-nothing thinking

A tenant of social psychology is that peoples attitudes are _____.

an inaccurate reflection of how both they and others behave.

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________.

antidepressants

A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.

anxiety

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.

anxiety

Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?

behavior

Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive therapy

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

A psychological disorder is a ________.

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Aversive conditioning is a ________.

counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior

The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.

diathesis-stress

Mona works at a bank. When Luis, a Colombian man, arrives to drop off his paycheck she pretends to be busy and directs him to another teller. She does this whenever a non-White person wants assistance. This is an example of ________.

discrimination

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?

episodic

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

foot-in-the-door

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

fundamental attribution error

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.

generalized anxiety disorder

According to the American Psychological Association (APA), three factors work together to produce successful treatment. Which of the following is not one of the three factors?

having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex

Based on the discussion in your text, which of the following strategies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups?

having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task

Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using?

humanistic therapy

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a ________ bias.

in-group

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?

influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment

Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________.

mania

Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________.

manic episodes

Archie Cochrane is associated with the Evidence Based Treatment movement in:

medicine

What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?

negative

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________.

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a ________.

phobia

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.

post-traumatic stress

Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

psychodynamic psychotherapy

________ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas.

rural areas

Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?

schizophrenia

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

Who was Stanley Milgram?

social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

stereotypes

Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism?

teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism

Which of the following is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort

Janeka does poorly on her psychology final, so she picks on her mother's ability to cook. A frustration aggression theorist might explain this by focusing on ________.

the way Janeka's frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother

Statistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness.

26%

A ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.

attitude

Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder.

body dysmorphic

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "For centuries, psychological disorders were viewed from a natural perspective: attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding."

change the word "natural" to the word "supernatural"

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.

cognitive dissonance

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

diffusion of responsibility

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether