Psyc Exam 1

The right cerebral hemisphere contains how many lobes of the brain?

4

The notion that people strive for positive growth and achievement of their potential would be most strongly endorsed by

Abraham Maslow

"Anything that cannot be observed and measured directly is not worth studying." Which psychologist is most likely to agree with this statement?

John B. Watson

Lorena has multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is associated with the destruction of the myelin sheath. What effect will this destruction have on Lorena s neurological functioning?

Lorena s neural impulses will be slowed down and possibly jumbled due to the lack of myelin.

Which of the following diagnostic machines uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images of the brain?

MRI scanner

Based on lecture, what advice would you give someone just starting college about how to study effectively?

Strategy matters. You should use your time wisely by using study techniques that work well.

Dr. Harzem is studying the effects of drugs on memory. He gives his subjects several lists of 100 words and measures their memory ability by asking them to write down all the nonsense syllables that they can recall in two minutes.Which of the following statements is TRUE about this study?

The dependent variable is operationally defined as the number of words that subjects can recall.

What event, in 1879, established psychology as a science?

Wundt added a laboratory experience to his experimental psychology lectures

Which of the following results when the electrochemical charge in a neuron reaches the threshold of excitation?

action potential

A drug that facilitates neurotransmission is called a(n)

agonist

Kevin had his head examined for evidence of neurological impairment. He described the procedure as having involved the placement of dozens of tiny electrodes on his scalp.Kevin most likely underwent Selected Answer: an EEG.Correct Answer: an EEG.

an eeg

Suppose that you were trying to understand how humans distinguish a snake from a fallen tree limb. If you were a structuralist you would

analyze all the perceptual elements (size, sound, shape, features) of a person's recognition of a snake and of a fallen tree limb.

The primary visual cortex is located

at the back of the brain

Which of the following is a true statement concerning neuronal communication?

at the synapse, the action potential of the first neuron causes the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse

The peripheral nervous system is subdivided into two divisions called the

autonomic and somatic nervous systems

The science of how one's genetic code and their environmental influences interact to affect their actions is called ______.

behavioral genetics

Which psychological perspective is least likely to emphasize the role of mental events in behavior?

behaviorism

The major divisions of the nervous system are the

central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

John is holding a bright orange ball. He is attempting to describe in detail the experience of feeling and seeing the ball, as well as reporting any internal reactions that holding the ball creates. John is engaging in

classical introspection

Dr. Smith is researching new treatments for depression, and she plans to administer the most effective of these treatments to patients who suffer from the disorder. Dr. Smith is most likely a ______________ psychologist.

clinical

Psychologists who attempt to help people solve their mental and behavioral problems, regardless of what causes them, are most likely to be _________ psychologists.

clinical

In research on depression, Dr. Calhoun has subjects keep track of their negative and pessimistic thoughts so they can be examined to determine how realistic those thoughts actually are. Dr. Calhoun is using a(n) ______________ approach.

cognitive

Sally and Marie are Monozygotic twins who have performed very similarly to each other on an intelligence test. For this trait, we could say that this set of twins is

concordant

Which of the following actions by an experimenter best represents an operational definition?

defining aggression as "the score on a popular self-report aggression inventory"

PET scanners serve as useful diagnostic machines because

different brain regions are chemically active during different kinds of behaviors

A study in which neither the experimenter-- nor the subject--knows the value of the independent variable is called a _________ study.

double-blind

The limbic system most importantly affects

emotional behavior

In the United States, federal regulations state that departments of psychology that conduct research with human or animal subjects must have a committee that reviews the _______ of that research.

ethics

After noticing that many of her friends seem to date people that share their interests, Killian decides that people in general are romantically attracted to those who have similar attitudes about the world. Killian has just

formed a hypothesis

A primary function of the cerebellum is to

help the cerebral hemispheres control movement

In Dr. Darch's classes, scores on the midterm examination are highly positively correlated with scores on the final examination. If Kevin earned a 91 on Dr. Darch's midterm, then we would predict that on the final examination Kevin is most likely to earn a score

in the high 80s or low 90s

Cocaine and amphetamine exert their effects on the brain and nervous system by

inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.

Why is telling students to try very hard to learn new information not very helpful?

intention to learn is less important than using effective learning strategies

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of single-subject research?

it does not require measurement of a dependent variable

Mel studies the development of aggression in children. To assess the role that gender plays in aggression, Mel goes to the local schoolyard and watches the children at play. He makes careful notes concerning the incidence of aggression among the male and female children. Mel is conducting what kind of research?

naturalistic observation

Suppose that you are a neuropsychologist trying to understand the eating disorder of bulimia. Which of the following would be a likely explanation of bulimia from your neuroscience perspective?

neurological dysfunction causes this behavior

Understanding how a drug affects the brain and nervous system is a question mostly likely to be undertaken by a(n)

neuropsychologist/biological psychologist.

Damage to the left parietal lobe would most likely produce which of the following physical impairments?

numbness on the right side of the body

In order to design a study to test the effects of wall color on interpersonal hostility, the experimenter must

operationally define the independent and dependent variables

The branch of psychology that focuses on measuring stable interpersonal traits using tests like the Rorschach Inkblot Test is __________ psychology.

personality

The study of the causes of individual differences in patterns of behavior is the chief mission of _________ psychology.

personality

The chief functions of the frontal lobe involve

planning and moving

A graph that contains data points for two variables and is constructed for the purpose of assessing the degree of relation between the variables is called a

scatterplot

Loretta's day involves giving IQ tests, diagnosing learning disabilities, and setting up programs to improve academic achievement. Loretta is most probably a ______________ psychologist.

school

Psychology can best be defined as the

science of behavior.

In a simple withdrawal reflex, the noxious stimulus is detected by

sensory neurons.

Which of the following research methods produces results that are least likely to generalize to the population at large?

single case designs

The axon carries messages toward the

terminal buttons

The scientific method is a set of rules

that guide the process of conducting research

Which of the following constitutes a contract between the subject and the researcher regarding the subject's participation in the study? Selected Answer: the confidentiality agreementAnswers:the debriefing agreementthe confidentiality agreement the informed consent agreementthe full disclosure agreement

the informed consent

Which of the following constitutes a contract between the subject and the researcher regarding the subject's participation in the study?

the informed consent agreement

Dr. Gynther's research often involves observation of children interacting with their parents. During these observations, the number of times that the child smiles and frowns in response to parental instructions is counted.One problem encountered by Dr. Gynther in this type of research is

the potential unreliability that may be present in measuring the dependent variable

Martha and Mary are sisters who were born 2 ½ years apart. Eric and Merrick are fraternal twin brothers who were born 8 minutes apart. Which of the following would be the most accurate statement regarding their genetic similarities?

the sisters are as genetically similar as the twin brothers

The reason that Psychology can best be defined as the science of behavior is that

the term behavior broadly covers both observable and mental actions

The larger the dispersion of numbers within a sample, the larger the

variance

The primary reason why researchers calculate an inferential statistic on the data that they collect is because they

want to determine the statistical significance of their results.

A cognitive psychologist would be most likely be interested in studying

what processes are involved in decision making.