PSYC FINAL EXAM (Ch. 22)

Fictive kin

someone who becomes accepted as part of a family to which he or she has no blood relation.

Familism

the belief that family members should support one another, sacrificing individual freedom and success, if necessary, in order to preserve family unity.

Big Five

the five basic clusters of personality traits that remain quite stable throughout adulthood: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Sandwich generation

the generation of middle-aged people who are supposedly "squeezed" by the needs of the younger and older members of their families. In reality, some adults do feel pressured by these obligations, but most are not burdened by them, either because they enjoy fulfilling them or because they choose to take on only some of them or none of them.

Ecological niche

the particular lifestyle and social context that adults settle into because it is compatible with their individual personality needs and interests.

Extrinsic rewards of work

the tangible benefits, usually in the form of compensation (e.g., salary, health insurance, pension,) that one receives for doing a job.

Intrinsic rewards of work

the tangible gratifications (e.g., job satisfaction, self-esteem, pride) that come from within oneself as a result of doing a job.

Empty nest

the time in the lives of parents when their children have left the family home to pursue their own lives.

Telecommuting

working at home and keeping in touch with the office via computer, telephone, and fax.

B

Half of cohabitation relationships end in what period of time? A. within the first year B. within 2 years C. after 5 years D. after 8 years

C

Identify the stage of adulthood in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. A. industry versus inferiority B. initiative versus guilt C. generativity versus stagnation D. trust versus mistrust

Flextime

an arrangement in which work schedules are flexible so that employees can balance personal and occupational responsibilities.

Social convoy

collectively, the family members, friends, acquaintances, and even strangers who move through life with an individual.

Consequential strangers

people who are not in a person's closest friendship circle convoy but nonetheless have an impact.

B

According to Erikson, after the stage of intimacy versus isolation comes: A. integrity versus despair. B. generativity versus stagnation. C. identity versus role confusion. D. initiative versus guilt.

D

According to a study cited in the textbook, people who had changed jobs frequently before they were age 36 were ______ times more likely to have various health problems by age 42. A. two B. ten C. five D. three

A

After a decade or two, most married couples find that: A. happiness increases as children become more independent. B. job demands increase so less time is spent in shared activities. C. there are more fights over equity in domestic work. D. financial problems are overwhelming.

D

All of Paulo and Geneva's children have moved away, started families, and begun working on their careers. According to the text, Paulo and Geneva's home is now a(n): A. haven of quiet. B. house of mirrors. C. lonely cavern. D. empty nest.

D

Although Erikson's stages of psychosocial development are sequential, the search for identity that begins in the stage of identity versus role diffusion: A. comes to fruition only at the stage of identity versus despair. B. overlaps with the stage of intimacy versus isolation and ends there. C. ends with generativity versus stagnation. D. is ongoing.

B

Aunt Emily is the family's kinkeeper. This means that she assumes responsibility for: A. caring for her grandchildren while their parents work. B. gathering the family for holidays, sending birthday reminders, and disseminating family communications. C. regularly visiting family members who live in care homes. D. the financial stability of the family.

C

Because they are called on to help both older and younger generations of the family, middle-aged adults have been called the: A. midlife generation. B. divided group. C. sandwich generation. D. family caregivers.

C

Divorce is most likely to occur within the first ______ years of a wedding. A. 10 B. 2 C. 5 D. 1

C

Many men become ______: They provide fatherly care to children who are not biologically theirs but who live with them. A. complicated fathers B. pretend fathers C. social fathers D. stand-in fathers

D

Matilda is usually a kind, helpful, and easygoing person. She is high on which of the Big Five traits? A. neuroticism B. openness C. conscientiousness D. agreeableness

C

Openness is viewed as a particularly positive personality trait in: A. Italy. B. China. C. the United States. D. Australia.

C

Regarding remarriage in the United States: A. about 25 percent of marriages are remarriages for one or both of the spouses. B. most people remarry within two years of a divorce. C. men are more likely to remarry than are women. D. remarriage is more likely after 40.

A

Research indicates that remarried people: A. have a greater chance of divorce than do people in first marriages. B. report higher average happiness than do people in first marriages. C. are worse off financially than when they lived alone. D. are unlikely to divorce.

D

Small things that are unnoticed by the majority group but that seem aggressive to the minority group are called: A. frustrations. B. stress aggressions. C. annoyances. D. micro-aggressions.

D

Some people refer to a period of unusual anxiety, reexamination, and transformation during middle adulthood as a(n): A. ecological niche. B. cohort bridge. C. gender trajectory. D. midlife crisis.

B

Susan's grandmother, at age 80, is in the final stage of adulthood, namely: A. identity versus role confusion. B. integrity versus despair. C. generativity versus stagnation. D. industry versus inferiority.

A

The group of people who move through life with an individual providing protection and encouragement is their: A. social convoy. B. support network. C. safety net. D. familial collection.

D

What proportion of all first marriages end in divorce? A. one-eighth B. two-thirds C. three-quarters D. one-third

D

Which of the following conditions do older employees tend to display? A. less job commitment B. more absenteeism C. more lateness D. less absenteeism

A

Which of the following statements regarding the middle generation as the sandwich generation is true? A. Providing assistance to older and younger generations may be more a function of personality than of necessity. B. Most middle-aged adults feel tremendous pressure because of their role as kinkeeper. C. In the United States, middle-aged couples tend to have more contact with the husband's parents than with the wife's parents. D. All of the answers are true statements.

C

Which statement most accurately depicts middle age? A. It always begins at age 40. B. It is a time of severe emotional crisis. C. Changes do not necessarily cluster around age 40. D. There are very few changes at midlife.

Kinkeeper

a caregiver who takes responsibility for maintaining communication among family members.

Mentor

a skilled and knowledgeable person who advises or guides an inexperienced person.

Midlife crisis

a supposed period of unusual anxiety, radical self-reexamination, and sudden transformation that was once widely associated with middle age but that actually had more to do with developmental history than with chronological age.