PSYC Final Review

Dr. Ramon makes the following claim: "Watching television leads people to spend less time communicating with their spouses, study says." What type of claim is she making? anecdotal claim association claim causal claim frequency claim

causal claim

When a researcher is concerned with whether or not the appropriate psychological measurement is used in his study, he is concerned with what type of validity? Internal validity External validity Statistical validity Construct validity

construct validity

If a researcher is interested in the relation between two continuous variables (e.g., age and height) what type of research design is most appropriate? Quasi-experimental Correlational Experimental Frequency

correlational

In the data-theory cycle, theories first lead to _______. Conclusion Data Hypothesis Research Questions

research questions

Which of the following questions is most likely to result in a socially desirable answer? "How often do you shop online?" "Have you ever shoplifted?" "When was the last time you tweeted/retweeted?" "Why did you choose your Facebook profile photo?"

"Have you ever shoplifted?"

Which of the following studies would probably require written informed consent? An observational study that measures walking speed of people entering and exiting buildings An anonymous study that measures the relationship between time spent grocery shopping and money spent on groceries A confidential study examining income level and voting behavior An anonymous survey asking whether students want a coffeehouse opened in the library

A confidential study examining income level and voting behavior

Which of the following is an example of applied research? Personality psychologist who studies the structure of human personality Social psychologist who is interested in the components of self-esteem Educational psychologist who studies how study habits affect math learning Clinical psychologist who studies the neurological correlates of anxiety

Educational psychologist who studies how study habits affect math learning

Which of the following events did NOT occur in the Tuskegee Study? Researchers told participants they were receiving treatment even though they were not. Participants in the study were given/infected with the disease. Researchers did not tell the participants that they had been infected with the disease. Researchers prevented participants from seeking treatment.

Participants in the study were given/infected with the disease

How does research overcome the problem of confounds? Research focuses on one possible explanation for the results. Research systematically compares multiple conditions. Research combines data across diverse individuals. Research uses intuition to detect potential confounds.

Research systematically compares multiple conditions.

Which of the following is a method of probability (random) sampling? Snowball sampling Convenient sampling Stratified sampling Purposive sampling

Stratified sampling

_______ comes first in an empirical article. Abstract Introduction Results References

abstract

Which correlation below would indicate good test-retest reliability? r = 0.85 r = -0.85 r = 0.10 r = 0.50

r=0.85

_______ is the approach of collecting data and using it to develop, support, and/or challenge theory. Parsimony Experimentation Theorizing Empiricism

empiricism

Which study design is best suited making causal claims? Correlational Studies Quasi-Experiments Experiments Small-N Studies

experiments

Socially desirable responding is also known as Fence sitting Acquiescence Nondifferentiation Faking

faking

Sampling method is most important for what type of claim? Causal claims Frequency claims Association claims It is equally important for all claims

frequency claims

Quasi-experiments are most limited in ______ validity External Internal Construct Statistical

internal

What is the problem with this survey question: "I frequently solve and enjoy solving crossword puzzles and Sudoku puzzles." It is a forced-choice question. It is a double-barreled question. It has a double negative. It is a leading question.

it is a double-barreled question

In a small-N study, we must obtain a stable baseline design to rule out which threat to internal validity? Maturation Selection Attrition All of the choices are correct

maturation

Blind or masked studies are designed to deal with: yea-saying biases. testing effects. observer bias. faking good.

observer bias

Which of the following issue is NOT covered under APA Ethical Guidelines? Informed Consent P-Hacking Participant Deception Data Fabrication

p-hacking

Dr. Ellison finds a relationship between hours of sleep and problem solving. People who sleep more the night before an exam tend to have higher scores on two measures of problem solving. This is an example of which type of association? negative association positive association zero association causal association

positive association

Jane reads about a study in which phone use is associated with migraine. She says, "Well, that study is not valid because I use a cell phone more than anyone I know and I never get migraines." Based on her comment, she may be forgetting which of the following? The study has been replicated. The study did not properly define cell phone use. Science is probabilistic. Science is based on empiricism.

science is probabilistic

Which threat to internal validity is alleviated with random assignment? Selection threat Testing threat Observer bias Socially desirable responding

selection threat

A sample is _____ than a population Larger Smaller More accurate More scientific

smaller

Based on this image, which conclusion is false? There is an interaction between sex and treatment on the DV There is a main effect of the treatment on the DV There is no main effect of the treatment on the DV There is no main effect of gender on the DV

there is no main effect of the treatment on the DV

A quasi-experimental design is most appropriate for studying the relation between which two variables? Job tenure and job satisfaction Mental ability and career success Undergraduate major and career choice Depression treatment and depressive episodes

undergraduate major and career choice