Psyc414 exam 2

_________ is a pharmacotherapy for alcoholism that affects the NMDA receptor and the metabotropic glutamate receptors.

Acamprosate

Which of the following is NOT true of drug expectancies?

Alcohol's effect on motor skills is not impacted by expectancies

Which of the following drugs is commonly snorted? Cocaine Heroin Tobacco All of these

All of these

Which of the following is a common site for intramuscular drug injection? Buttocks Deltoid Thigh All of these

All of these

Which of the following is NOT a way in which drugs are excreted from the body? Directly in the feces In liver bile In mother's milk Through the lungs All of these are ways in which drugs are excreted

All of these are ways in which drugs are excreted

The _______ model is the foundation for AA

American disease

To increase the potential for successful outcomes, many believe that treatment of poly substance abusers must address which of the following?

Behavior patterns

Which of the following is an example of an inhalant? Nitroglycerin Cocaine Benzene Snuff

Benzene

A drug's ______ name indicates the drug's structural formula

Chemical

In research, _________ means to be able to account for variables that may affect the results of a study.

Control

Which of the following is most rapidly absorbed? Drugs taken in solid form Drugs taken in suspension Drugs taken in water solution Drugs taken in oily solution

Drugs taken in water solution

Recent research has shown that acamprosate in combination with behavioral treatment produces better outcomes than the same behavioral treatment paired with a placebo.

False

True or False: According to the Stress Response Dampening model, individuals who have had a stressful drug or alcohol experience are less likely to abuse drugs or alcohol.

False

True or False: Alcohol and drug treatment that most people receive today is consistently supported by research evidence.

False

True or False: American Medical Association prefers that their customers use brand-name drugs rather than generic drugs because the brand-name drugs are more rigorously tested

False

True or False: In order to be cost effective, a person with a substance use disorder must remain in outpatient treatment for at least three months.

False

True or False: In the United States, the Drug Enforcement Administration sets the guidelines regulating new drug development

False

True or False: Marijuana has a half-life of up to several weeks.

False

True or False: Once a particular tolerance level is reached, it is irreversible.

False

True or False: Research subjects who drank in the company of others were more likely to report physical changes related to drinking than were subjects who drank alone

False

True or False: The safest of the three methods of injecting drugs is the intravenous method.

False

True or False: The transdermal route of drug administration is an effective one for most drugs

False

When, in a series of events, what happens in a later event alters those proceeding it, is known as a ________ relationship.

Feedback

Which is the following played a key role in the expansion of drug treatment services during the 1980s?

Growth of crack cocaine use

Which of the following is true regarding a drug's generic name?

It is a shortened version of a drug's chemical name

Which of the following systems does NOT receive major portions of a drug rapidly due to a high volume of drug flow? Muscles Heart Brain Kidney

Muscles

__________ is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.

Pharmacodynamics

Which term best reflects overall activities intended to treat substance use disorders?

Planned

Which of the following drug states is NOT suitable for administration via inhalation? Suspension Gas Liquid Powder

Powder

which of the following self-help movements stopped holding meetings in 1999 and now condemns the self-help movement?

Rational Recovery

__________ reflects the amount of latitude there is in a drug dose before a stronger effect is reached.

Slope

Which of the following best reflects subcutaneous injection and absorption rate? Slow and sporadic Rapid and sporadic Slow and constant Rapid and constant

Slow and constant

_______ is an approach in which a person's withdrawal is monitored by professional staff in a treatment setting, but no drugs are administered

Social detoxification

According to the _______ model, treatment includes arranging a person's environment so that no abuse of psychoactive substances is reinforced

Social learning

What can be concluded from the results of the 1993 Concorde study?

The clinical trials process will continue to take a substantial period of time.

Which of the following is NOT true of AA?

The program is only appropriate for those who accept Western religious beliefs

Which of the following is true of generic drugs?

They can be sold after a brand name drug has been on the market for 20 years.

According to the disease model of alcohol use disorder, complete abstinence from alcohol should be the only valid goal of treatment.

True

Temposil is an alcohol-sensitizing drug that is not available in the U.S.

True

True or False: Alcohol is considered a zero-order kinetic drug.

True

True or False: In inpatient settings for substance abuse, the organization of patient care is similar to that given to people hospitalized for physical problems

True

True or False: Intravenous drug use is an important risk factor for AIDS.

True

True or False: The amount of time that marijuana can be detected in the body depends upon whether use is acute or chronic.

True

True or False: The set of ethical guidelines for biomedical research is known as the Nuremburg code.

True

True or False: Therapeutic index is a term referring to a drugs utility in medical care and is computed as a ratio (LD 50/ED 50)

True

True or False: Tolerance may develop to some effects of a drug, but not to others.

True

True or False: Urine is a common source of biomarkers analyzed in drug testing.

True

True or False: When a drug is fat soluble, sniffing is a rapid and effective way to absorb it.

True

In a research experiment testing the effect of a newly synthesized drug, what will the control group receive?

a pill with a 50-mg inert substance

According to the stress response dampening model, people who are ________ are more likely to be sensitive to alcohol's stress-reducing effects.

aggressive

Which of the following is a method used to administer barbiturates? Oral Rectal Subcutaneous Intramuscular All of these

all of these

_____ is a term that refers to the diminished effect of a drug when another drug is present.

antagonism

If an individual learns to compensate for his or her drunkenness by walking more slowly, this would be an example of ________ tolerance

behavioral

The treatment most clearly implied from the __________ model is to advise at risk people of their risk for developing a substance use disorder and perhaps to counsel them to avoid alcohol or drugs.

biological

A specified dose of a drug administered to a man and a woman on average will have greater effects on the woman. This is because of differences in __________.

body fat

According to cell adaptation theory, the cells of the _______ become adapted to the presence of a drug with repeated exposure to it

central nervous system

Which of the following accurately describes the influence that age has on drug effects?

children and the elderly are more susceptible to a drug's effects

Which route of drug administration is considered the best overall? a. Intramuscular b. Sublingual c. Oral d. None

d. None

______ involves the medical management of alcohol withdrawal symptoms

detoxification

Drinking large quantities of water would be an example of an attempt to alter the results of a drug test by _________.

dilution

__________________ refers to an increase in the rate of the metabolism of a drug, so that the user must consume greater quantities of it in order to maintain a certain level of the drug in his or her body.

dispositional tolerance

A drug is ___________ when it changes from solid to liquid after being mixed with a liquid.

dissolved

The effect of a drug depends most fundamentally on __________.

dosage

__________ refers to the experimental method in which neither the experimenter nor the subject knows which experimental condition the subject is in.

double-blind

___________ studies allow behavioral pharmacologists to classify experimental drugs according to their subjective effects even before they have been administered to people.

drug discrimination

Which of the following terms best reflects a person who is addicted to meth and has an anxiety disorder?

dual diagnosis

Discussions related to drug elimination usually refer to a unit of measurement known as _______.

half-life

What is one of the advantages of using LAAM to treat heroin addicts over using methadone?

higher compliance

______ means a state of equilibrium or balance

homeostasis

Which term best reflects the concept of addictive personality?

idea

Halfway houses are an example of a ________

intermediate setting

A common street term for injecting a drug intravenously is __________.

mainlining

_______ is an increase in the frequency of a behavior when it results in avoidance of or escape from something

negative reinforcement

Narcotics Anonymous evolved with a concentration on _______

opiates

A drug that is administered transdermally _______________.

passes through the skin

Individuals in the ____ stage are typically on the edge of taking action to change

preparation

If an individual needs to drink 6 beers in order to achieve the same effect that he/she used to experience with 3 beers, this is an example of ________

protracted tolerance

A _______ is a consequence of a behavior that increases the likelihood that it will occur in the future

reinforcer

When drugs are swallowed, they pass through the stomach and are absorbed in the __________.

small intestine

The fact that oil and water are not easily mixed is an example of which concept?

solubility

More people resolve their substance abuse problems through ___________ than any other way.

spontaneous remission

__________ refers to the resolution of a problem without the use of formal treatment.

spontaneous remission

Which of the following is the easiest drug injection route to use?

subcutaneous

Which of the following conditions lead to more rapid drug absorption?

when there is more blood flow at the site of absorption