PSYC420 - Abnormal Psychology Final

Which of the following is true about pedophilic disorder?

The key feature of pedophilic disorder that the individual experiences sexual arousal when with children that may be equal to, if not greater than, that which he or she experiences with individuals who are physically mature.

Which of the following is the main focus of the cognitive perspective?

The way people's thoughts influence their emotions.

Which of the following will be a criterion for the diagnosis of intellectual developmental disorder in DSM-5?

There should be impairments in adaptive functioning, relative to a person's age and cultural group, in a variety of daily life activities such as communication and social participation.

Which of the following is true of individuals with mild neurocognitive disorder?

They never develop Alzheimer's disease.

Roger has a severe disorder that makes him blink his eye constantly. He also frequently bangs his head and makes growling noises. These repetitive behaviors are involuntary and occur frequently. Roger most likely has ___________ disorder.

Tourette's

Which of the following countries have the highest suicide rate for males?

Ukraine

Jim was asked to assemble a three-dimensional puzzle while taking the SB5 Test. Which type of ability is assessed by the SB5 in this situation?

Visual-Spatial Reasoning

According to data on the characteristics of individuals who are suicidal, which of the following individuals would be LEAST likely to commit suicide?

a 35-year-old married man

The fact that autism spectrum disorder shows a pattern of familial inheritance indicates that there may be

a genetic basis for autism.

Derek suddenly felt his hands and legs go numb and started shaking involuntarily while preparing for his high school final semester. The acuteness of the problem forced his parents to consult a clinician. When asked, the clinician was told that it was the first time Derek had suffered from any of these symptoms. Derek is most likely experiencing

a panic attack.

James is a person with schizophrenia who has delusions that the CIA is after him. He has been brought to a psychologist by the police after being arrested for assaulting an elderly woman whom he claimed was trying to kill him. Assuming that testing reveals that he truly is psychotic, where will the psychologist recommend that he be sent?

a psychiatric hospital

The death of a family member has the potential to disrupt the course of an individual's life. Such a major event is referred to as ____________ within the scope of psychology.

a stressor

In which of the following phases of schizophrenia are the psychotic symptoms most prominent?

active

The potential loss of his job has caused RJ to become deeply despondent. For the past six months, he has begun drinking heavily and spending money irresponsibly. RJ is likely to be diagnosed with a(n)

adjustment disorder.

Cindy had met with a motor accident two months back in which she suffered from a head injury. She was unable to recollect any of her personal information, such as her name, profession, and where she lived. She had no recollection of events that had occurred before the accident. Which of the following diagnoses would best fit her condition?

amnesia

Trauma to the head that results in an alteration or loss of consciousness, or post-traumatic ____________ is called traumatic brain injury.

amnesia

To be diagnosed with substance use disorder, an individual has to meet certain criteria. Which of the following is one of the mandatory criteria to be fulfilled?

an individual must repeatedly use substances during physically hazardous situations

Isabel is afraid of gaining weight. In order to avoid becoming fat, she eats very less. Her restrictive eating behavior has resulted in her being severely underweight. Furthermore, she is overly conscious about the shape of her body. Which of the following best explains Isabel's condition?

anorexia disorder

The sex determined by a person's chromosomes is called ________________.

assigned sex

Rosalinda is a very shy 30-year-old woman who usually stays at home and does not interact with other people. Rosalinda may be suffering from ____________ personality disorder.

avoidant

Annie, who is five years old, has lost a substantial amount of weight because she refuses to eat. She refuses food as a result of a choking experience. Which of the following childhood eating disorders might Annie be diagnosed with?

avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

Eric, who has schizophrenia, lacks the energy to take any initiative. This condition is referred to as

avolition.

One of the differences between the humanistic perspective and the cognitive perspective is that the humanistic perspective

believes that people develop disorders due to the restrictions of modern society on one's ability to express one's inner selves rather than due to fundamental flaws in their thought

Charlie, a teenager from Fremont, Ohio, usually eats excessive amounts of food whenever he goes out for a meal with his friends or family. In such occasions, he usually feels a lack of control over himself and is unable to regulate the quantity he eats or stop eating altogether. In this instance, Charlie is engaged in _________________.

binge eating

Which of the following refers to the ingestion of large amounts of food during a short period of time and stopping only when a point of extreme physical discomfort is reached?

binge eating

Calvin works at a paper manufacturing company. The bleaching agents used by the company are toxic in nature and as a result of being exposed to these substances, Calvin has been experiencing intense depressive episodes. From that available information, it would be most accurate to conclude that ___________ causes are responsible for Calvin's depression.

biological

The notion that personality disorders are the result of a combination of factors such as a particular temperament, early traumatic experiences, and recent triggering events lends support to the ___________ model.

biopsychosocial

Kim has been experiencing an abnormally euphoric mood for quite some time. She remains hyperactive throughout the day even thought she merely gets two hours of sleep at night. It is more likely that Kim is suffering from

bipolar I disorder.

Jules has been suffering from a form of mood disorder. She experiences insomnia and feels low on energy at times and then at other times she seems to be very energetic and experiences a state of ecstasy. Identify the mood disorder affecting Jules.

bipolar disorder

Of all the psychological disorders, we most likely associate substance abuse with

bipolar disorder.

Jason thinks that his nose is far too big for his face and that it makes him look ugly. He is overly conscious of his appearance and shuns social gatherings. Jason displays signs of ___________.

body dysmorphic disorder

Which of the following is considered to be the core feature of anorexia nervosa?

body image disturbance

An inability to distinguish between one's own identity and the identities of others is characteristic of which personality disorder?

borderline

Cheryl reports long-standing feelings of emptiness and desperation. She has attempted suicide and repeatedly gets involved in intense, demanding relationships with men. Cheryl would most likely be diagnosed as having _________________ personality disorder.

borderline

In order to develop Tay-Sachs disease,

both of the child's parents must have this genetic defect.

Snoring, snorting, gasping, or pauses in inhaling and exhaling air along with daytime sleepiness and fatigue; lack of sufficient ventilation of the lungs during sleep are the predominant symptoms of _______________.

breathing-related sleep disorders

A person who experiences a sudden "nervous breakdown" and then recovers from it within a week would most accurately be diagnosed as having

brief psychotic disorder.

Jenny experienced a brief psychotic episode soon after her miscarriage. The symptoms only lasted about a month. Jenny was most likely afflicted by

brief psychotic disorder.

Which of the following involves alternation between the extremes of eating large amounts of food in a short time, and then compensating for the added calories through extreme actions to avoid gaining weight?

bulimia nervosa

The use of lithium carbonate is most likely to

calm an individual experiencing a manic episode.

Dr. Burns is analyzing his client's personal history in attempt to identify the factors that may have produced his psychotic behavior. Dr. Burns is creating a(n)

case formulation

Mrs. Waltham is 75 years old and has been brought in for treatment by her daughter. Her daughter claims that Mrs/ Waltham has not only become forgetful, but has begun fabricating stories about how she is a Bavarian princess who must return to her homeland to help the king. The clinician automatically diagnoses Mrs. Waltham as having schizophrenia. What important information has the clinician obviously ignored in making the diagnosis?

client's age

What is the most common approach used by clinicians to treat individuals with gender dysphoria?

clinicians can let their clients create their own gender identities

Patrick has just been brought into the emergency room. He is exhibiting a great deal of agitation and hyperalertness. On examining him, it was found that his condition was the direct result of a psychoactive substance that has an activating effect on the central nervous system. Which of the following substances is Patrick most likely to have ingested?

cocaine

Which of the following is a technique in which clients learn to reframe negative ideas into more positive ones?

cognitive restructuring

Clinicians begin _____________ proceedings in the cases of people who if not hospitalized, are likely to create harm for self or other people as a result of mental illness.

commitment

The purpose of a diagnostic manual is to provide

consistent diagnoses across people based on the presence of absence of a set of specific symptoms.

Individuals with PTSD experience alterations in a particular portion of the brain which is responsible for

consolidating memory.

The two primary components of systematic desensitization are relaxation training and

construction of a hierarchy of fears.

Substance-induced amnestic disorder is most likely to be caused by

continuous exposure to environmental toxins.

The ventricle enlargement observed in clients with schizophrenia is most often accompanied by

cortical atrophy.

James associates the darkness with ghosts and aliens and gets scared at night. His therapist helps him to associate the darkness with fairies and pixies in an attempt to break his fear. This method is an example of

counterconditioning.

Long-term drug abuse is most likely to

decrease the level of glutamate in an individual.

Linda is suffering from severe obsessive-compulsive disorder. In the course of the treatment, her neurosurgeon implants a micro electrode, powered by an implanted battery that delivers a constant low electrical stimulation to the cortex area of her brain. Which of the following processes has Linda's neurosurgeon used?

deep brain stimulation

Which of the following is the cause of Wernicke's disease?

deficiency of thiamine

Alzheimer's disease is primarily characterized by

degeneration in the tissues of the cerebral cortex.

A temporary condition in which individuals experience disturbances in their attention and awareness, is referred to as

delirium.

Raymond is a janitor at a large corporation and is convinced that the decisions he makes while cleaning affect the functioning of the company more significantly than the decisions made by the CEO. Which type of delusional disorder is most likely afflicting Raymond?

delusional disorder, grandiose type

Hanna is participating as a member of the control group in an experimental study and she is trying to figure out what the study is about so that she can be a "good" subject. This behavior of Hanna has the potential of compromising the conclusions of the experiment and is an example of

demand characteristics

Reggie might be considered a "momma's boy" because, even though he is 28 years old, he lets his mother make all of the decisions in his life such as where he works, who he sees, what he wears, and where he goes. Reggie does not seem to mind; as a matter of fact he often says, "Momma knows best." Reggie would most likely be diagnosed as having __________________ personality disorder.

dependent

Kayla feels that she is controlled by forces external to her. She confides to her sister Sara that she often feels as if she is watching herself from afar. Which of the following dissociative disorders best describes Kayla's condition?

depersonalization disorder

Which of the following models proposed that people are born with a genetic predisposition that places them at risk of developing a psychological disorder if exposed to certain extremely taking life experiences?

diathesis-stress model

Clara suffers from a severe form of schizophrenia. Her speech is incomprehensible. She uses words that have highly idiosyncratic meanings and do not belong to any existing human language. This form of schizophrenia is referred to as _______________ schizophrenia.

disorganized

Dr. Gillian Davies, a clinical psychiatrist, is treating Samantha, a young woman in her twenties who seemed to have developed multiple selves. One of Samantha's alters claims to be a reclusive artist, while another alter is a flamboyant dancer. Dr. Davies is most likely treating Samantha for ________________.

dissociative identity disorder

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease?

dopamine

Meredith, who is six-years-old, has a lot of difficulty in reading. When asked to read aloud, she is very slow and often leaves out words. She reads letters and words in a reversed manner. When she is reading letters, she reads the incorrectly, for example the letter "b" looks like "d" and "m" becomes "n." Meredith may be suffering from

dyslexia

The anterior insular context area of the brain is associated with

emotion and self-awareness.

Dr. Mathis is a practicing clinical psychologist. He went through a divorce last year and has been experiencing mood disturbances since then. He is irritable and he finds it difficult to give full attention to his clients. His personal feelings have begun to influence the way he responds to his clients. Which of the following roles and responsibilities would be in question in this case?

emotional competence

The emotional disturbances seen in people with borderline personality disorder are characterized by

emotional dysregulation.

The childhood disorder in which a child, who is at least four years of age, has bowel movements either in his or her clothes or in other inappropriate places is referred to as

encopresis.

People who feign physical disorders to collect insurance money or disability benefits are

engaged in malingering.

Talia has never had any previous problems with the law but at the age of 27, she started engaging in constant stealing and cheating people out of their money. Talia would most likely be diagnosed as

engaging in antisocial behavior.

Leif is very interested in sex but his penis remains flaccid despite erotic stimulation. Leif has

erectile disorder.

The difference between general principles and ethical standards is that

ethical standards are enforceable rules.

Deciding which methods of assessment are appropriate for different types of clients in different types of situations is an aspect of:

evidence-based assessment

Dr. Patel likes to stay on the cutting edge of research in her psychotherapy practice. She also feels strongly about recognizing the influences of a client's cultural background, personal preferences, and characteristics on the therapy process. We refer to clinical decision-making that takes all of these areas under consideration as

evidence-based practice.

According to the clinicians which of the following refers to the ability to formulate goals, make plans, carry out those plans, and then complete the plans in an effective way?

executive function

People with impulse-control disorders

experience a sense of pleasure or gratification after acting on their impulses.

Individuals suffering from persistent depressive disorder typically suffer from some of the same symptoms as people with major depressive disorder. However, individuals suffering from persistent depressive disorder do not

experience as many severe depressive symptoms.

The difference between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder is the people suffering from schizoaffective disorder

experience mood disorders.

Side effects of antipsychotic medication such as motor disorders involving rigid muscles, tremors, shuffling movement, restlessness, and muscle spasms affective the posture, are referred to as ______________ symptoms.

extrapyramidal

Jeremy tells his friends and colleagues that he is suffering from a serious neurological condition. He often fakes the symptom of his feigned illness purely to draw attention to himself and to maintain the sick role. Jeremy, who is obsessed with the pursuit of medical care, is most likely to suffer from ___________.

factitious disorder

In the context of the behavioral perspective, which of the following is considered the main reason behind most abnormalities?

faulty learning experiences

Arnold gets sexually aroused whenever he sees a woman trying on a pair of stockings. He buys pairs of stockings for various sexual activities. He even steals stockings from women when he is desperate. Which of the following disorders best describes Arnold's condition?

fetishistic disorder

Guillermo enjoys riding on crowded subway cars and brushing up against or bumping into female passengers. What is the name of Guillermo's paraphilia?

frotteuristic disorder

The brain imaging technique which constructs a picture of actual activity in the brain is the

functional magnetic resonance imagine (fMRI)

When events generated by a random process have deviated from the population average in a short run, individuals may erroneously believe that the opposite deviation becomes more likely. This summarizes the ______________.

gambler's fallacy

Vaughn Smith, an investment baker, was leading a regular life until his recent trip to a casino in Atlantic City, where he won $50,000 playing Keno. Now, he regularly visits casinos to play a variety of games and often ends up neglecting his familial and professional duties on account of his obsession with games of chance. Despite the fact that he loses thousands of dollars he is unable to win over his drive to visit casinos on a regular basis. Vaughn Smith is most likely to be suffering from

gambling disorder.

Which of the following diagnoses is used to describe constant anxiety that is not associated with a particular object or event?

generalized anxiety disorder

In the context of schizophrenic disorders, which of the following is an example of a positive symptom?

hallucination

Which of the following perspective is primarily based on the notion that human motivation is fueled by an inherent tendency to strive for self-fulfillment and meaning in life?

humanistic

Which of the following refers to a period of elated mood?

hypomanic episode

As stated by Freud, which of the personality structures hidden in the unconscious contains sexual and aggressive instincts?

id

Which of the following, if true, suggests that an individual is likely to be diagnosed with pyromania?

if that individual sets fire to buildings for personal relief and gratification

James suffers from vertigo, an extreme fear of heights. His therapist is planning to immerse James through imagination or in other words, virtually expose him to this feared situation. The technique that his therapist is following is called

imaginal flooding.

Rowena cannot resist taking fancy lipstick from the drugstore when she cannot afford it. Rowena seems to have a problem with

impulse control.

Nancy often engages in behaviors she feels are way beyond her control. She is quick to respond to spontaneous urger that often makes her regret the consequences of her actions. However, she is filled with a deep feeling of gratification after acting on her whims. Nancy is most likely to receive a diagnosis for _____________.

impulse-control disorders.

The difference between a manic and a hypomanic episode is that

in a hypomanic episode the period of elated mood is not as extreme.

Dr. Donahue is observing a hyperactive boy's aggressive behavior on they playground. Dr. Donahue is engaging in

in vivo observation

Which of the following is a typical symptom associated with amnesia?

inability to register new memory

The findings of a research study state that in July 2003, 18 cases of suicides due to severe depression occurred in the city of San Francisco. This reflects the ___________ of suicides due to severe depression in San Francisco during July 2003.

incidence

The biopsychosocial perspective incorporates a developmental viewpoint. This means that

individuals must be seen as changing over time.

Mandated reporting applies to all of the following groups EXCEPT

individuals with low socio-economic status.

Lydia is unable to get enough sleep. She has difficulty initiating sleep. On an average day, she is able to sleep only for three hours and is awake early in the morning. Moreover, she is also dissatisfied with he quality of her sleep. Which of the following disorders is she most likely suffering from?

insomnia

Which of the following is a symptom of major depressive disorder?

insomnia or hyper insomnia

People with ____________ often have co-occuring bipolar disorder, personality disorder such as antisocial or borderline, substance use disorder (particularly alcohol), and cognitive disorders.

intermittent explosive disorder

Which of the following is a typical symptom of tardive dyskinesia?

involuntary trunk movement

Multi-infarct dementia differs from Alzheimer's disease in that multi-infarct dementia

is caused by transient attacks where blood flow to the brain is interrupted by a clogged or burst artery.

Central to ACT's approach is the notion that

is is normal to experience unpleasant emotions in certain situations

Clinicians face a daunting task both in diagnosing and treating an individuals dissociative symptoms because

it is difficult to determine whether the condition is real or faked.

Anne has a persistent urge to steal things. She looks around the stores she visits slipping small items that attract her attention into her purse or pocket. However, her motivation for stealing is not based on need. She steals for the sake of fulfilling her impulse to do so. Which of the following disorders is she most likely to be diagnosed with?

kleptomania

To receive a diagnosis of intellectual disability, an individual's IQ must be

less than 70.

Catherine has been diagnosed with intellectual disability due to maternal alcohol exposure. She goes to a regular school, instead of attending special classes. This educational philosophy that places Catherine in a regular set up in society is an example of

mainstreaming.

Jared is not interested in sexual activity and reports no desire for it, nor does he fantasize about having sex. Jared might be diagnosed as having

male hypoactive sexual desire disorder.

Dr. Johnson had his first therapy session with Molly, a teenager. He learned that she was sexually abused by a family member. Which of the following conditions allows Dr. Johnson to limit the principle of confidentiality?

mandated reporting

Estelle is a cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy. Her doctor has prescribed a synthetic form of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, the active ingredient in an illegal drug. This prescription is the synthetic form of the active ingredient in

marijuana.

Which of the following terms suggests that older individuals are better able to manage their high-risk tendencies?

maturation hypothesis

Calum often boasts about how talented a teacher he is, and he continually notes that the reason he never gets promoted is because no one fully appreciates him. He resents other teachers who have been promoted before him and claims that they are self-promoting. He demands that other people fulfill his wishes but is insensitive when it comes to other people's feelings. Calum would most likely be diagnosed as having _______________ personality disorder.

narcissistic

Gracie, a researcher, is interested in analyzing the relationship between smoking and life span. The results of her correlational study indicate that as the number of cigarettes smoked per day increases, life span decreases. This is an example of the ____________ kind of correlation.

negative

Jason, a final year graduate student from Cornell University, is always suspicious about his girlfriend Joule. He is always anxious and believes that separation after college will spoil their relationship forever. He is always depressed and hostile. Which of the following personality domains in the DSM-5 is Jason depicting?

negative affectivity

Jane had the bad habit of biting her nails. Every time she indulged in biting her nails, her mother scolded her sternly. The result was that Jane eventually get out of this bad habit. This is an example of

negative reinforcement.

Affective flattening, alogia, avolition, and anhedonia are all

negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Sharon has vivid and recurrent dreams of a man in a a black hood trying to strangle her. These frightening dreams, which have persisted for a few months, really disturb her. Which of the following disorders is Sharon most likely to be suffering?

nightmare disorder

As you are walking back to your dorm on a dark night you suddenly hear footsteps behind you. Which neurotransmitter is likely to be activated?

norepinephrine

People with illness anxiety disorder fear or mistakenly believe that

normal bodily reactions represent the symptoms of a serious illness.

Emilio becomes sexually aroused when he views sexually explicit photographs. He also gets really turned on when his lover undresses in front of him. Emilio's behavior might be described as

normal.

Persistent ideas, images, or thoughts that invade consciousness despite efforts to get rid of these intrusions are referred to as

obsessions.

In DSM-5, trichotillomania belongs to the category that includes _________________.

obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

Mary washes her hands several times a day and still feels that her hands are unclean despite all the washing. This habit has caused Mary to be late on several occasions. Her symptoms are suggestive of

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning is that in the case of

operant condition, an individual acquires a maladaptive response by learning to pair a behavior with its consequences

Nick seems to be like a typical teenage. However, of late, he has started arguing a lot with his parents. He deliberately disobeys his parents and teachers. He sometimes gets involved in brawls with children in the neighborhood. If his pattern persists for long, then Nick may be diagnosed with ______________ disorder.

oppositional defiant

Sudden intense sensations such as shortness of breath, dizziness, choking, and heart palpitations are characteristic of

panic disorder.

The legal principle that the state has the authority to protect those who are unable to protect themselves is referred to as

parens patriae.

Which type of delusional disorder is characterized by thoughts similar to those experienced by individuals with paranoid schizophrenia?

persecutory

Mary has been in a continual state of dysfunction that has kept her from feeling truly happy or well-adjusted. However, she has never had a full-blown depressive episode. Mary is most likely suffering from ____________ disorder.

persistent depressive

Although sexual dysfunctions are viewed as being psychological in origin, careful clinicians do not neglect the fact that there may be ___________ causes of these dysfunctions as well.

physiological

A condition of recurrent eating of inedible substances such as paint, string, hair, animal droppings, and paper is called

pica.

Gerard had met with an accident in which he had injured his head. Just prior to the accident, Gerard had an episode of anxiety disorder. Following the accident, he suffered acute post-traumatic stress for five days. Gerard is most likely to develop

post-concussion syndrome.

The style of coping that involves changing something about the situation that makes it stressful is referred to as

problem-focused coping.

The ____________ technique requires the test-taker to comment on what he or she sees when presented with an ambiguous stimulus.

projective

Communicating to the client the potential risks and benefits of therapy, confidentiality and its limits, and the expected length of therapy, is necessary so that the client can

provide informed consent.

Which of the following physical ailments is/are characteristics of conversion disorder?

pseudoseizures

Jamie has fallen into the habit of taking a form of hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms. This has slowed down his motor reflexes and has altered his perception. He is unable to distinguish between his imagination and the real world. Identify the hallucinogen.

psilocybin

Dr. Romero is using a number of tests and techniques in an attempt to identify the factors that are influencing her client's functioning. Dr. Romero is engaging in a process more formally defined as

psychological assessment

Ralph has an ulcer in his stomach. More often than not, the stress related to his job as an executive gets so bad that his ulcer flares up. Which of the following best describes his condition?

psychological factors affecting a medical condition

The diagnostic category that we call ___________ includes conditions in which a client's physical illness is adversely affected by one or more psychological states such as depression, stress, denial of a diagnosis, or engaging in poor or even dangerous health-related behaviors.

psychological factors affecting medical condition

The elimination of food through unnatural methods such as vomiting or excessive use of laxatives is referred to as

purging.

According to the object relations theorists, which of the following comes a model for all close adult relationships?

relationship with the caregiver

People with dissociative amnesia are unable to

remember information about an event or set of events in their lives.

Individuals with paranoid personality disorder rarely seek help, and when they do seek treatment, communication is difficult because of their

rigidity and defensiveness.

The word "obsessive: as it applies to individuals who suffer from obsessive-compulsive personality disorder refers to the

rigidly compulsive personality tendency they have.

Best often falls sick, and when she does, she receives a lot of attention from her moth who dotes over her. Beth's illnesses is most likely to be maintained by

secondary gains.

Rex, a 9-year-old boy, gets too scared whenever leaves his parents and goes to school. Rex's mother has to leave work as and when she is informed to reach his school to stop him from incessant weeping. Rex is most likely suffering from ________________ disorder.

separation anxiety

Marie can achieve sexual arousal only if her lover spanks her hard and uses abusive and derogatory language about her. This is an example of

sexual masochism.

Which of the following schizophrenic-like disorders most accurately accounts for the delusional beliefs that many cult members share?

shared psychotic disorder

Chanina gets nervous when other people watch her eat lunch. She is worried that her behavior will catch the attention of others and they might make fun of the way she eats. This fear typically forces her to eat in her office rather than the staff lunchroom. She continually declines invitations to go out for dinner. Chanina might be diagnosed as having

social anxiety disorder.

Many people with body dysmorphic disorder also suffer from

social anxiety disorder.

Dr. Larry focuses on external factors like the influence of people and institutions that have an effect on the personality of his clients. The technique employed by Dr. Larry is referred to as the _________ perspective.

sociocultural

Martin Salambo was the only African student in his class. All others were white Americans. Martin was always looked down upon by his class mates and he was also bullied by them. This has had a profound impact on Martin's life. At present, he suffers from an inferiority complex which causes him to remain depressed most of the time. Martin's condition is most likely to be the result of a ____________ cause.

sociocultural

Which of the following is NOT one of the areas of functioning assessed by the mental status examination?

socioeconomic status

Martin always seemed to be looking up for new clinics and physicians to get rid of a persistent back pain, the cause of which could not be ascertained despite several medical check-ups. Since physicians were unable to find the possible reason for his physical pain and he was not convinced with the medical test results, Martin was advised to consult a psychiatrist. In this instance, which of the following mental disorders is he most likely to be diagnosed with?

somatic symptom disorder

A disorder in which there is a delay or deficit in an academic skill is referred to as a(n) ____________ disorder.

specific learning

An irrational and unseating fear of a particular object, activity, or situation is known as a(n)

specific phobia.

Ramona is a member of a tribe residing in the rain forests of South America. She has been exhibiting certain symptoms of psychological disorder like severe depression and memory loss. The tribe's which doctor has pronounced that the spirit of a demon tiger has possessed Ramona and is the main cause of her distress. The approach used by the witch doctor in this instance is an example of the _________ approach.

spiritual

A person taking the TAT is asked to

tell a story about the scene shown on the card

Which of the following terms refers to environmental hazards that include drugs or toxic chemicals, maternal malnutrition, and infections in the mother during critical phases of fetal development?

teratogens

The O'Connor v. Donaldson case established

the legal principle that the presence of mental illness in a person is not sufficient reason for confinement to a mental hospital.

Several studies have found that most individuals suffering from schizophrenia in the U.S. belong to

the poorer sections of urban areas.

Which of the following movements views psychological disorders as difficulties that inhibit the individual's ability to achieve highly subjective well-being and feelings of fulfillment?

the positive psychology movement

Wendy has been involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital. When she tries to use the ward pay phone, the staff members stand nearby and listen to her conversation. Occasionally, they have actually interrupted her calls and have hung up the phone on her behalf. Which of Wendy's rights is being violated?

the right to a humane environment

Carol has been hospitalized after her second suicide attempt. Her doctor insists that she receive electroconvulsive therapy. Despite the fact that she does not want to receive the therapy, her doctor performs it anyway. Which of Carol's rights are being violated?

the right to refuse treatment

Which of the following makes it possible to determine whether or not a person is lying on the MMPI-2?

the validity scales

People suffering from the thought broadcasting type of delusion are most likely to harbor the belief that

their thoughts are being carried over the airwaves on television.

George had started taking cocaine a year back. He is addicted to the feeling of euphoria brought about by cocaine. Of late, even after using the same amount of cocaine that he had been using for the past year, he feels less of its effects. This condition is referred to as

tolerance.

In prehistoric time, skulls of the living had holes cut out of them, a process called ____________, apparently in an effort to release the evil spirits from the person's head.

trephining

Which of the following disorders involves the compulsive, persistent urge to pull out one's own hair?

trichotillomania

What type of interview relies on a set of open-ended questions designed to assess the client's reasons for being in treatment, symptoms, health status, family background, and life history?

unstructured interview

Cathy is given the task of measuring the volume of water a wading pool will hold. Unfortunately, the instrument she chooses to use to accomplish this task is a thermometer. Cathy is carrying out a procedure that is NOT a ___________ measure of volume.

valid

Stephen has recently had a stroke. He has been suffering from hypertension for the past few years. Since he has had the stroke, Stephen has found it difficult to understand what people are saying. He is unable to recall simple words, and is finding it difficult to communicate. He is unable to complete routine tasks by himself, such as getting dressed or making a toast. Stephen is most likely to be suffering from

vascular neurocognitive disorder.

Cal frequently sets up his telescope in a darkened room on the second floor of his home to watch the couple across the street make love in their bedroom. If this is the only way Cal can achieve sexual arousal, it is likely that Cal is a

voyeur.

Which of the following is a common compulsion?

washing in response to thoughts of contamination

In true cases of dissociative disorder, when the symptoms do not appear feigned, the current consensus is that these individuals

were subjected to emotional or physical trauma.

Susan had just quit smoking. Ever since she stopped smoking, she has become very testy. She feels anxious and irritable. The change in Susan's behavior and temperament after she stopped smoking is referred to as

withdrawal.

Harvey is asked to recall a series of digits in forward order and backward order. Which of the following scales is being tested in Harvey's case?

working memory

The heritability of ADHD is approximately

70%.

High-functioning autism spectrum disorder was formerly called

Asperger's disorder.

____________ has resulted in decreased hospitalization and improved service engagement and medication adherence.

Assisted outpatient treatment

In order to be diagnosed with

Bipolar II disorder one has to undergo one or more major depressive episodes.

Which of the following statements about the incidence of bipolar disorder in the general population is CORRECT?

Bipolar disorder can cause people to experience a range of moods.

Which of the following is true about the causes of intellectual disabilities?

Genetic abnormalities are a significant cause of intellectual disabilities.

Clark has recently become interested in being spanked before engaging in intercourse. He can become sexually aroused if he is not spanked but enjoys this as a sort of passing fancy. How might you describe Clark's condition?

He does not have a sexual disorder.

The U.S. legislation intended to ensure adequate coverage and protect consumers from loss of insurance coverage when they changed or lost their jobs is called the

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Which of the following statements about the treatment of cognitive losses associated with physical disorders and toxic reactions is true?

If the client receives prompt care, the cognitive losses may be reversed.

In the context of TBI, which of the following is true?

In older adults, falls are the most common cause of TBIs.

Which of the following statements describes the major difference between Pick's disease and Alzheimer's disease?

Individuals with Pick's disease undergo personality changes before they begin to have memory problems while individuals with Alzheimer's experience memory problems first;

Which of the following is an advantage of using light therapy over antidepressants?

It has fewer side effects.

Kevin is a chronic alcoholic who has recently started to exhibit some distressing symptoms related to dementia. He cannot remember anything from the recent past, such as where he went last month. He is also unable to remember new information, such as the names of people he has recently met. Medical tests have confirmed that excess alcohol consumption is the main reason behind his condition. However, he is able to speak clearly and carry motor tasks. It is most likely that he is suffering from

Korsakoff's syndrome.

After having taken a certain drug, Tina experiences visual hallucinations. She feels that she can see insects crawling around her; however her visions are not real. Which of the following drugs is Tina most likely to have used?

LSD

Which of the following refers to the "right-wrong test" used in cases of insanity defense to determine whether a defendant should be held responsible for a crime?

M'Naghten Rule

In the context of major neurocognitive disorder due to another medical condition, which of the following is true?

Major neuorocognitive disorder due to another medical condition is a temporary condition that does not last for more than a month.

Which of the following characterizes paraphilia disorder?

People with this disorder are so psychologically dependent on the target of desire that they are unable to experience sexual arousal unless this target is present in some form.

Which of the following is a neurodevelopment disorder, occurring almost exclusively in females, in which the child develops normally early in life up to the age of 4 and then begins to show a number of neurological and cognitive impairments?

Rett syndrome

________________ is an elimination disorder in which the child is incontinent of urine and urinates in clothes or in bed after the age when the child is expected to be continent.

Enuresis

Ralph has been sand and listless for three years. He cannot sleep and has lost his appetite. Using a diagnostic system, one clinician arrives at a diagnosis of depression. Using the exact same diagnostic system, another clinician arrivers at a diagnosis of schizophrenia. What is the problem with this system?

It lacks reliability.

Which of the following is true of the ego?

It uses rationality to achieve its goals.

Which of the following defines neurotransmitters?

They are chemical messengers that travel across the synapse, allowing neurons to communicate with their neighbors.

Which of the following is true about autism spectrum disorder?

The sensory abnormalities of children with autism spectrum disorderly take the form of hypersensitivity to sound, light, or smell.

Which of the following is an advantage that the structured interview has over the unstructured interview?

The structured interview is a systematic approach that is less subject to variations from clinician to clinician.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the expression of ADHD symptoms in teenage girls?

They show fewer overt symptoms than boys.

Through intelligence testing, clinicians can obtain standardized scores that

allow them to evaluate the cognitive strengths and weaknesses of their clients.

Psychotherapeutic medications are treatments that are intended to reduce the symptoms of an individual suffering rom psychological disorders by

altering the levels of the neurotransmitters responsible for the disorder.

Vic has demonstrated a long-standing pattern of disreputable and manipulative behaviors. He has a drug abuse problem and has a long criminal record for a variety of crimes. What is worse, he shows no remorse for some of the harsh things he has done. Vic would most likely be diagnosed as having ___________ personality disorder.

antisocial

Closely related to the biological perspective is the hypothesis that neuropsychological deficits in learning and attention have been thought to contribute to ______________ disorder.

antisocial personality

Shelly experiences intense periods of fear and physical discomfort that interfere with her daily living. Shelly may be suffering from a(n)

anxiety disorder.

A clinician watches a client through a one-way mirror and records the number of times he engages in self-injurious behavior. This assessment method is commonly referred to as a

behavioral observation

Which method of behavioral assessment requires that the client provide information about the frequency of particular behaviors?

behavioral self-report

The work of Ivan Pavlov became the basis for the _____________ movement begun in the United States by John B. Watson.

behaviorist

Which of the following statements is true of schizophrenia patients?

brain cells degenerate

Children who have engaged in a relatively long-standing pattern of ______________ are likely to be diagnosed as having antisocial personality disorder.

conduct disorder

Which somatic symptom disorder involves the translation of unacceptable drives or troubling conflicts into bodily motor or sensory symptoms?

conversion disorder

The difference between bipolar disorder and cyclothymic disorder is that

cyclothymic disorder is less severe.

Mood changes that range from dysphoria to hypomania are characteristic of

cyclothymic disorder.

Sam Perkins, a retired teacher, feels that he is living in a dream and that the people he meets in everyday life and the neighborhood where he lives are not real. A clinical psychiatrist will describe such condition as ___________.

derealization

In which of the following dissociative disorders does an individual develop more than one self or personality?

dissociative identity disorder

When is a mother's contraction of rubella likely to result in a child's retardation?

during the first trimester of pregnancy

The overwhelming feeling of sadness a depressed person feels is referred to as

dysphoria.

A caregiver who feigns or deliberately exaggerates the illness of the person who is placed under his/her care displays a condition, which is referred to as ____________ in psychology.

factitious disorder imposed on another

David refers to himself as Hitler and believes that all men comprise his army and should follow his orders. Which of the following forms of delusions is David suffering from?

grandeur

A clinician is appointed by a family court judge to make decisions regarding the placement of an orphan. Based on interviews with the child, the clinician decides that the best placement for the child is with his aunt. In this instance, the clinician has served as a

guardian ad litem

Individuals with the Type A behavior pattern are at the risk of developing

heart disease.

When alcohol is consumed in larger amounts, without being mixed with other depressants, the most likely result would be

lack of physical coordination.

Rachel's therapist is trying to determine her current functioning by examining her behavior, thought process, mood and affect, insights and judgment. The therapist is actually conducting a

mental status examination.

Individuals with substance-related disorders are most likely to suffer from

mood disorder.

According to alcohol myopia theory, as individuals consume greater amounts of alcohol they are

more likely to make risky choices

The APA Ethics Code defines ___________ as occurring when a psychologist is in a professional role with a person and has another role with that person that could impair the psychologist's "objectivity, competence, or effectiveness in performing his or her functions as a psychologist" or otherwise risks exploiting or harming the other person.

multiple relationships

A form of cognitive disorder involving generalized progressive deficits in a person's memory, ability to communicate, judgment, and motor coordination is referred to as

neurocognitive disorder.

An assessment method that provides a picture of the brain's structures or level of activity and therefore is a useful tool for "looking" at the brain is known as ______________.

neuroimaging

Erica is alcohol dependent and is trying to abstain from drinking. However, she goes to a party, breaks down, and has a drink. The expectancy model propagates that she should

not consider it as a sign of definite failure.

In the context of substance use disorder, which of the following is true?

To be diagnosed with substance use disorder, a person need not be addicted to the substance.

A bank president's obsession with making obscene phone calls would be best categorized as

a paraphilia.

Pick's disease is best defined as

a relatively rare degenerative disease that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex and that can cause neurocognitive disorder.

Eugene, an alcohol abuser, is given the drug naltrexone. Which of the following is Eugene most likely to experience after taking this medication?

a lesser urge to drink

In order for a clinician to diagnose a person with bipolar I disorder, an individual must experience

a manic episode.

Parkinson's disease is best defined as

a neurocognitive disorder that involves the degeneration of neurons in the subcortical structures that control motor movements.

When asked why she tried to kill herself, Calista responded, "These past few days I haven't really been sure about myself. I wasn't really sure I was alive. It was a test." Calista's intent would be best described as

parasuicidal.

A woman is erotically obsessed with men's ankles to the point of exclusion of all other erotic stimuli. This woman's desires are illustrative of

partialism.

Which of the following is a legal prerequisite for being considered a psychologist?

passing a rigid set of licensing requirements

Which of the following sexual pain disorders affects both men and women?

penetration disorder

Usually, the individuals who a voyeur observes are

people who are unaware that they are being watched.

The findings of an experiment conducted by a group of researchers prove that with the increase in the consumption of marijuana, the vulnerability of developing mental disorders increases. This is an example of the ___________ kind of correlation.

positive

The Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is a technique used by clinician to treat clients suffering from

post-traumatic stress disorders.

Lisa gave into peer pressure and consumed alcohol despite the fact that she was on sleeping pills. As a consequence, she lapsed into a coma. This phenomenon is most likely the result of:

potentiation.

A group of researchers studying the effects of alcohol on the overall health of urban adults asked respondents whether they drank alcohol during the past month. In this instance, the researchers were collecting __________ data.

prevalence

Richard has been diagnosed with chronic bipolar disorder and hypothyroidism. Because of these coexisting conditions, he may have a higher risk of developing the __________ type of bipolar disorder.

rapid cycling

Leslie is a nine-year-old girl. Once she has swallowed her food, Leslie brings the food up to her mouth and chews it again. She does this frequently and it has resulted in a lack of appetite. Leslie has also lost all interest in food. She would most likely be diagnosed with

rumination disorder

Fevie has been admitted to a psychiatric hospital. She claims that there is a person wanting to kill her. She has delusions of persecution and is also exhibiting the symptoms of a major depressive episode. She is most likely to be diagnosed as having

schizoaffective disorder.

The difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder is that

schizophreniform disorder is not chronic.

The disorder originating in childhood in which the individual voluntarily repeats nonfunctional behaviors such as rocking or head-banging is called

stereotypic movement disorder.

It is difficult to treat people with schizoid personality disorder because

they are cognitively and emotionally out of touch.

Researchers and advocates within the field of sexual sadism and sexual masochism are critical of including these disorders in the DSM at all, arguing instead that they do not share the qualities of the other paraphilia because

they involve consenting adults.

Every time Bella starts getting anxious about speaking in public, she starts thinking things like, "Oh God, I'm going to stutter and then everyone will laugh at me" and "I'll probably trip up and accidentally use a four-letter word while reading my notes." Her therapist has urger her to silently shout "Stop!" to herself when these intrusive thoughts start agitating her. This cognitive technique is known as

thought stopping.

Which of the following is one of the most significant factors in determining personality disorders?

A person has significant impairment in identity and sense of self and in the capacity for effective interpersonal functioning.

Gracia, after having suffered from cognitive deficits for a period of five years dies at the age of seventy-five. When her brain is examined, it is discovered that her cerebral cortex has degenerated. It is likely that this woman suffered from

Alzheimer's disease.

____________ is the condition in which the brain is deprived of oxygen leading to dementia.

Anoxia

Which of the following arguments might be used by defense attorneys to support an insanity plea?

Because Wilson was psychotic, he was not able to differentiate right from wrong.

Which of the following forms of intellectual disabilities is caused by abnormal chromosomal development affecting the 21st pair of chromosomes?

Down syndrome

Dr. Reed has a PhD in clinical psychology and was trained in administering psychological tests. Dr. Davis has an MD with advanced training in treating psychological disorders and can prescribe medications. From the given information, we can infer that

Dr. Reed is a psychologist and Dr. Davis is a psychiatrist

_______________ disorder is a paraphilic disorder in which a person has intense sexual urges and arousing fantasies involving the exposure of genitals to a stranger.

Exhibitionistic

Which of the following is an example of repression?

Forgetting the name of someone you dislike

The process of gathering information about a client's brain functioning on the basis of performance on psychological tests is referred to as ___________ assessment.

Neuropsychological

Which of the following is one of the criticisms of Masters and Johnson's research with regard to sexual responses of men and women?

Not every sexual encounter necessarily involves all phases.

Which of the following is the disease that involves the neuronal degeneration of the basal ganglia, the subcortical structures that control motor movements?

Parkinson's disease

________________ is a learning disorder in which the individual's writing is characterized by poor spelling, grammatical or punctuation errors, and disorganization of paragraphs.

Specific learning disorder with impairment in written expression

Duty-to-warn laws have their origins in the

Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California case

Which of the following is true of major depressive disorders?

The sufferer experiences acute periods of depressive symptoms.

Which of the following is true about Wernicke's disease?

Wernicke's disease is a potentially reversible condition.

Mark talks a lot and often interrupts others during conversations. He gets into fights with his friends for being unable to wait for his turn during games. He also has a difficult time sitting still, and has a tendency to interrupt others, but generally he can pay attention what his teacher is saying as he moves around the room. He has not shown any of the symptoms of inattentiveness during the past six months. He has discipline problems and gets lower grades. Which type of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is Mark likely to be diagnosed with?

hyperactive-impulsive

Ashley is being treated by Dr. Matthew for a mood disorder. Ashley's husband asks Dr. Matthew if his wife speaks about him during therapy and what she feels about their marriage. He tells Dr. Matthew that this information would help him to save their marriage. Dr. Matthew shares what Ashley has spoken about her marriage with her husband. Which of the following guidelines of therapy has Dr. Matthew violated?

privileged communication

When the clinician may not disclose any information about the client in a court of law without the client's expressed permission then it is referred to as

privileged communication.

Livia's hair is usually unkempt and she wears clothes that date back to the 1960s. Her ways of thinking and dealing with other people are rather eccentric - she has the idea that she can communicate telepathically with her brother who lives on the west coast. Livia will most likely be diagnosed as having _____________ personality disorder.

schizotypal