psych

Which syndrome can lead to a male being very tall for his age but otherwise physically normal?

XYY

Which of the following would be a good fit for a case study?

an in-depth examination of one study subject, when a researcher has a long time in which to conduct the study

Jessie is in the 7th week of her pregnancy. At this point it is correct to refer to her developing baby with the term _____.

embryo

McDonald's using Olympic athletes in its ads is classical conditioning because _____.

it links healthy athletes with fast food, planting the idea that fast food is healthy

This is the leading cause of death for babies under 12 months of age.

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

As we age, our nerve cells become reduced in _____ and _____.

number; speed

Tara's midwife is explaining to her what she should expect during the first stage of labor. Which of the following is a correct explanation that Tara's midwife could share?

'during the first stage , your cervix will dilate to about 10 centimeters.'

Which of the following statements is true? I. The one-thousandth base pair on chromosome one of an organism is an example of a locus. II. Changing the DNA in a gene by one base pair could create a new allele. III. Cells in a diploid organism possess two copies of each chromosome (except gametes).

1,2,3

A baby born between _____ of gestation is considered to be premature.

23 and 36 weeks

Which of the following is a good example of the Zone of Proximal Development Theory in action?

4 year old teddy watches how his 5 year old cousin places the plates and the table and learns how to do it on his own

A boy and a girl engage in intercourse using a condom. Why is it still possible for the transmission of STIs to occur?

STIs can be transmitted by various forms of sexual contact, not just intercourse

Which of the following accurately represents a situation in which a premature baby has close to a zero percent chance of survival?

a baby that is born weighing less than 14 ounces, because the organ systems of babies that small have not fully developed

What is the most notable event during the fetal period?

a dramatic change in the size of the fetus

Which of the following demonstrates growth according to the proximodistal principle?

a fertilized egg expanding outward to become an embryo, then a fetus, with the spinal cord forming before limbs, fingers, and toes

When a baby is born prematurely, it often has _____.

a low birth weight

Why is a good mentor helpful in advancing one's career?

a mentor will often be at a place in their career that you hope to attain, so their experiences will be useful if you want to follow a similar path

An example of hostile aggression would be _____.

a ten year old boy breaking a neighbor's skateboard on purpose because he wants to hurt him

According to the evolutionary theory of love, love is _____.

about surviving and passing on genes to the next generation

Anna is given a bowling set for her birthday. She promptly drops the ball on the ground expecting it to bounce and is surprised to see that it lands and stays on the ground. She concludes that some types of balls don't bounce, enlarging her personal scheme for the the idea of a ball. According to Piaget, this is an example of _____.

accommodation

which of the following would you expect of a child who possesses a high level of resilience?

after performing poorly in a swim meet, he would bounce right back and work on a plan to do better the next time

The onset of empty nest syndrome in middle adulthood is MOST likely to develop from:

all of the children are grown adults and have left the house

Janet has been diagnosed with multi-infarct dementia. Which of the following might she possibly display?

all of the listed choices apply

Deception in psychological research is _____.

allowed but minimized as much as possible

Which of these are functions of the placenta?

allowing the fetus to attach to the uterine wall, providing nutrients, and transferring waste products to the mother's blood

Although oral sex may not lead to pregnancy, it is still associated with risk. One such risk is the possible development of _____.

an STI

Darren is called in to investigate the death of a three year old. The most likely cause for the death would be _____, which is the leading cause for death in children over the age of one.

an accident

Lexi has trouble trusting her partner Sam. She constantly checks his emails and phone records for signs of cheating and is always fishing for assurances of his approval with questions such as, 'You do really love being with me, right?' According to the attachment theory of love, Lexi is exhibiting a(n) _____ attachment style.

anxious-preoccupied

Just after delivery, while still in the delivery room, Nya's new baby has several factors tested including muscle tone, reflexes, heart rate, and respiration. A score is assigned to this collection of tests which reflects the baby's overall condition. This score is known as a(n) _____.

apgar score

Learning disorders _____.

are developmental

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation

as income goes up, purchases go up

Jared's parents have noticed his difficulty in interpreting other's facial expressions and body language and decide to consult with Dr. Simmons. They explain Jared's difficulties and overall social awkwardness, noting that sometimes he even thinks that people making friendly faces at him are angry. Given these symptoms, Dr. Simmons might suspect _____.

asperger syndrome or autism spectrum disorder

Sally is hiking with her mother when they spot a deer by the side of the trail. Sally has never seen a deer. She lives in the city and up until this point has seen very few animals besides cats and dogs. She looks at the deer, notices its tail, ears, and four legs, then loudly exclaims, 'Look, Mama. It's a doggy!' This is an example of _____.

assimilation

Bill was twenty minutes past his curfew because of a traffic back up on the main highway. When he got home and started to explain why he was late, his father cut him off and told him, 'No excuses. You've lost driving privileges for three months!' Bill's father is exhibiting an _____ parenting style.

authoritarian

The other kids do not want to be friends with Bobby because he interrupts them when they talk and never looks them in the eye. While Bobby would love for the other kids to be his friends, they abstain from including him in their activities because he doesn't act appropriately in social situations. Bobby probably has _____.

autism

A permanent change that occurs on any of the first 22 pairs of chromosomes is called a _____.

autosomal chromosome mutation

Barbara is surprised to see her pediatrician tickling her newborn baby's toes. Most likely, the pediatrician is testing the baby's _____ reflex by checking if the baby's toes spread out in response to the tickling.

babinski

which of the following is not a risk for SIDS?

back sleeping

Audrey is a patient with terminal cancer. She tells her doctor she is willing to comply with her treatment regime if that means she is able to spend more time at home with her family. Audrey appears to be be in the _____ stage of Elisabeth Kubler-Ross' stages of death and dying.

bargaining

Barry has always been a tremendously active individual, hiking and biking several times a week. Now he is approaching old age. According to the continuity theory of aging what would someone expect about Barry's activity levels in his old age?

barry will continue to be highly active

The Brazelton Scale is an assessment scale used to evaluate newborns. Which of the following is an ACCURATE description of the factors that are assessed by the Brazelton Scale?

basic autonomic tasks, motor system control, regulation of consciousness, and social interaction

Something has seemed different about Libby lately; although she has always been an A student, her grade point average has dropped to a C and she has absolutely no interest in socializing with any of her friends. She is also having trouble sleeping and her appetite is decreasing. After hearing her symptoms, Libby's doctor immediately suspects that Libby might _____.

be depressed

Why is the embryonic period the most crucial part of prenatal development?

because during this period the cells begin to differentiate and prepare the foundation for the baby

Why is the fact of children moving out of the home likely to trigger a mid-life crisis in a middle-aged mother?

because her identity is likely bound up in her conception of herself as a mother

Why might someone feel a bit sad about becoming a grandparent?

because it makes them reflect on aging and mortality

Why did SIDS decline during the 1990s?

because of a campaign encouraging parents to put babies to sleep on their backs

Bandura's reciprocal causation model focuses on continuous interaction between the following three factors:

behavior, environment, person

Alex and Annie were married when they were both 22, while their good friends Bobby and Breanna didn't get married until they were both 30. Statistically, which couple has a lower chance of divorce?

bobby and breanna, because couples married after the age of 25 have much a lower chance of divorce than those married before 25

How are infants similar to adults when grieving the loss of a loved one?

both infants and adults experience anxiety when they lose someone close to them

Coinciding with a time of high fertility, testosterone levels are highest for _____ when they are in their twenties.

both males and females

When many different parts of the brain work together, it is called:

brain systems

Alcohol, tobacco, and medications are all substances which _____.

can cross the placenta, and harm the developing fetus

When a baby is first born it _____ because its ears are _____.

can hear; fully developed

According to George Valliant's Adult Task theory, which of the following are ALL life task that adults must accomplish?

career consolidation, developing an identity, achieving integrity

When she works with clients, Sara believes in showing them unconditional regard and empathy, as well as being very genuine in her responses. Sara's approach reflects _____ approach to therapy.

carl roger's client-centered

Dr. Hollins is interested in finding more about how parents work with their children when they are helping them with homework. Which of the following would probably provide the most detailed and accurate portrayals for use in Dr. Hollins' research?

case studies

It is amazing how little Jimmy can focus in on the one character he is coloring on a page while seemingly losing sight of everything going on around him. This is an example of _____.

centration

Dr. Johannsen is researching a species that appears to grow from the head to the tail, much like humans. The development of this species can be correctly categorized as _____.

cephalocaudal

the looking-glass self theory was developed in 1902 by _ to explain how individuals develop a _.

charles cooley; sense of self

Tom and Barbara are planning on enrolling little Bobby in daycare when Barbara mentions one disadvantage to day care that makes them reconsider. Which of the following is a legitimate disadvantage that Barbara may have mentioned?

children who go to day care are exposed to more germs and tend to get sick more often

As Jeb has gotten older, he's developed arthritis in his hips and knees. Arthritis is a(n) _____ illness, meaning it is long lasting and can be treated, but not cured.

chronic

Timmy now understands that when you double something you will have twice as much as you started with. Just last year he had trouble understanding this concept and would always have to see examples done with blocks or beads. Timmy's increased understanding is an example of _____ development.

cognitive

Parents often overestimate the _____ abilities of young children, while underestimating their _____ abilities, which can lead to serious accidents.

cognitive; motor

A researcher performs a cross-sectional study examining how interpersonal communication changes over a lifetime. One of the researcher's cross-sections, consisting of adults who reached adulthood in the early 2000s, demonstrates a very different, technology based style of communication in early adulthood as compared to the other groups. These findings might reflect the _____ since young adults who came of age in the early 2000s were surrounded by technology.

cohort effect

As we age, _____ in the skin loses its elasticity, causing _____.

collagen; wrinkles

In a recent experiment, Derek decides to see if he can get students to associate a certain song with feelings of enjoyment. In each session, he has students eat chocolate brownies (an activity that already produces enjoyment) and plays the Bach Minuet in G. After several sessions, the students report feelings of enjoyment when the song is played, even before the brownies have been served. The Minuet in G is a _____ in this experiment.

conditioned stimulus

When Benny is presented with a choice between a tall thin glass of chocolate milk containing 8 ounces and a short wide glass containing 8 ounces, he always chooses the tall thin glass perceiving that it contains more. Benny has not yet learned the cognitive principle of _____, in which he will understand that equal quantities are the same no matter how they are presented.

conservation

The _____ is the second level of Kohlberg's theory on moral development in which an adolescent moves from thoughts of punishments and rewards and begins to reflect about conforming to societal rules.

conventional morality stage

The part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres is called the _____.

corpus callosum

Jenna is in the last few days before her baby will be born. At this point, her body begins releasing the stress hormones _____ and _____ in response to the stress that the baby's physical growth is putting on her uterus.

corticotropin-releasing hormone; cortisol

Dr. Edmundson is conducting research on memory over an average lifespan. He breaks his study participants down into four groups arranged by age groups; 18 - 35, 36 - 53, 54 - 71, and 72 - 89. Then he has all four groups take the same set of memory tests on a Saturday in late May. Dr. Edmundson is using a _____ research design.

cross-sectional

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to resilience?

cultural norms

Which of the following indicates the order of sexual development?

curiosity, experimentation, romance

_____ refers to the process in which a teenager 16 years old or older can obtain the legal rights of an adult.

emancipation

Hannah recently started high school and is extremely overwhelmed by the new environment and the heavy homework load. Which of the following would be an example of maladaptive behavior in response to her situation?

cutting herself to relieve stress

Black and white mobiles hung in a newborn baby's crib are excellent sources of entertainment because newborns prefer _____ and can see clearly for a distance of only _____ away.

dark and light patterns; 7-18 inches

What psychologist developed the gender crossover theory, or the notion that men and women take on each other's traits and roles as they age?

david gutmann

Nutrition can be an issue in late adulthood due to _____.

decline in the ability to taste and smell

Someone going through adolescence is experiencing a(n) _____ in gray matter in the brain, along with a corresponding _____ in white matter.

decrease; increase

Thomas has just been told that he has a fast growing cancer that has already spread to his major organs. There is no hope for a cure at this point. According to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, what are the stages that Thomas will go through in order as he approaches his death?

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

Doctor Weiss conducts an experiment where he manipulates the speed of an educational video, and then tests student recall of the material to see whether a difference in pace of an educational presentation affects recall. In this experiment, the level of student recall is the _____.

dependent variable

An adolescent with an increased ability in communication skills in comparison to their peers may be:

developing white matter earlier

this is a cognitive ability to synthesize opposing viewpoints, which is often acquired in early adulthood.

dialectical thinking

Carol Gilligan asserted that Kohlberg's theory on moral development had not accounted for _____.

differences in the moral development of men and women based on the fact that males and females are raised differently.

Brandon is a carrier of the sickle-cell anemia phenotype. This means that he _____, but _____.

does not exhibit the phenotype ; can pass it on to his children

Human development _____ only in younger years. It happens _____

does not take place; across the lifespan

Benny feels frustrated whenever he tries to read and often mistakes letters for one another. He especially has a problem with letters that look similar like b and d. Benny might have _____.

dyslexia

Nancy is 26 years old. Physically, she has reached her full height, yet she continues to grow intellectually and has developed a better understanding of the world around her. Which stage of her cognitive development is Nancy?

early adulthood

jane just turned 26. she is in the period of her life known as _

early adulthood

The period of childhood that spans from age two to age six or seven is known as _____.

early childhood

Thomas is 18 months old and clearly understands what a picture of an ice cream cone means. As his family passes by a store with a picture of an ice cream cone in the window, Thomas starts pulling on his dad's pant leg to get him to go into the store. Thomas' understanding of symbols representing real objects is a part of the _____ sub-stage of Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage of Development.

early representational thought

When Estella stands in line in the cafeteria, she feels like everyone in the room is noticing her imperfections, although in reality, the other students aren't even thinking about her. Estella's perception is _____.

egocentric

In Jerome Bruner's theory of development, he pinpointed intellectual development as the goal of education and referred to these three levels of intellectual representation:

enactive, iconic, and symbolic

Samuel is 25 and feeling really good about his life. He's working toward his dream of becoming a radiologist and currently working through his residency with the help of several great mentors. Additionally, he's looking forward to his upcoming marriage to his high school sweetheart. According to Daniel Levinson's adult development theory, Samuel is in the _____ stage of development.

entering the adult world

As Lenore enters her 40s, she notices that she is getting better and better at applying her past experiences and knowledge in order to handle complicated organizational challenges at work. Lenore is experiencing a common increase in _____ that occurs in middle age.

executive function

One positive aspect of day care for young children is _____.

expanded social opportunities

Joey and Phil are brothers who both have Peutz-Jeghers (PJ) syndrome. Though Joey has more of the characteristic facial spots that accompany the syndrome, Phil has the larger amount of characteristic gastrointestinal polyps. These differences in how the phenotype is expressed in each brother are known as _____.

expressivity

Sylvia and Dan are a young married couple that would love to someday have children but feel the need to work on their financial situation first. Dan thinks they should wait until their late 30s, but Sylvia thinks it might be best to have children in their 20s. Which of the following facts might make Dan change his mind?

fertility rates for women begin to drop after age 30

According to Erik Erikson, adults 65+ years old are in the _____ stage of human development and need to resolve the conflict between _____

final; integrity vs. despair

The stages listed below are the stages of _____. Imitation, play, game, and generalized other

george herbert mead's stages of self and development in toddler

The first stage of prenatal development is the _____ in that order.

germinal stage, followed by the embryonic and fetal stages

Which of the following is an example of potential development according to Lev Vygotsky?

gina can only tie her shoelaces with the help of her mom

Eighteen-year-old Debra is worried about feeding her baby for the two days before she gets her paycheck. In desperation, she steals formula and two jars of baby food from a grocery store. How would a teenager or young adult in the post-conventional morality stage think the situation should be handled if Debra is caught?

given her reason of stealing, debra should receive probation, which balances the rights of individuals with the good of society

Dr. Samuelson recommends that Gretchen obtain genetic counseling regarding her pregnancy. Which of the following would be a reasonable basis for this recommendation?

gretchen will be 41 years old on the due date

What is a distinguishing characteristic between growth and maturation?

growth is limited, maturation is limitless

In psychology, _____ is the physical process of development and _____ is the physical, intellectual, or emotional process of development.

growth; maturation

As Riley crawls across the floor to play with her blocks, she hears a loud noise and stops to look over her shoulder toward the sound. Over the next five minutes, the sound interrupts her crawling several times and each time she stops what she is doing and looks over her shoulder when it happens. After ten minutes, although the sound still occurs, Riley continues to crawl and play as if nothing is happening. This process is called _____.

habituation

If Daryl has Klinefelter Syndrome you could expect that he might _____

have delayed or incomplete puberty, as well as infertility, due to the presence of less testosterone in his system as compared to other males.

Kara lives in a nuclear family. Which of the following could be a list of the other family members in her household?

her mother, father, and two younger sisters

Mary is designing a research study and preparing to select her sample. Which of the following are all important considerations concerning the representativeness of her sample?

her sampling procedure, sample size, and participation rate

A more structured and egalitarian environment is associated with _____.

homes in which a mother works

Dara and Steve come from similar backgrounds. They grew up in the suburbs and are children of upper middle class parents who attended good colleges. A marriage between Dara and Steve would be an example of _____, in which individuals often marry others from similar social backgrounds, regardless of whether those marriages are arranged or not.

homogamy

The Looking-Glass Self theory contains ALL of the following:

how we imagine we appear to others; the judgement we imagine that others are making about us; our self-image based upon evaluations of others

Tammy notices a ten dollar bill sitting on the counter in the bathroom at her best friend's house. Part of her just really feels like reaching out and taking it, but another part of her keeps thinking about how it would be wrong to steal. According to Freud, Tammy is experiencing a conflict between her _____ and _____.

id; superego

The Minnesota Twin Study found that _____.

identical twins raised apart are about as similar as those raised together

According to Erik Erikson, children in the initiative vs. guilt stage are developing their _____ and need independence and space to play in order to have a sense of _____.

imagination; security

John and Dara are really enjoying this phase of their baby's development. They love smiling at her and watching her smile back or waving and seeing the baby bend her fingers to wave back at them. John and Dara's baby appears to be in the _____ phase of George Herbert Mead's stages of self and development.

imitation

Which of these scenarios illustrates the multidimensional aspect of human development?

in his late 40s, bill notices several new things happening to him. he needs a new eyeglass prescription, becomes a bit forgetful, and feels disconnected from his friends

Dr. Zant is conducting an experiment to see whether or not a preview video, outlining some of the content that students will hear in a lecture, seems to aid student retention. Half of the students in the experiment are shown the video before the lecture, while the other half only see the lecture. In this experiment, the preview video is a(n) _____.

independent variable

Most adults don't remember much before the age of two or three. This phenomenon is called _____ and may be related to the amount of brain development happening during those early years.

infant amnesia

A gene can be correctly thought of as _____

information stored on a chromosome

Researchers provide a(n) _____ form to study participants in order to provide details regarding the study, as well as information regarding any risks or benefits connected with participation.

informed consent

Timmy is two years old. He accompanies his dad to the supermarket where a worker at the bakery reaches out to hand him a cookie. He's scared. Then he watches as the worker reaches out and hands his dad a cookie. His dad takes it with a smile, so Timmy knows it is okay. Timmy is using _____.

inhibitory control

At playgroup, Derek can't help but notice the new truck that his friend Blake has. It's red and shiny and Derek really wishes it was his. He runs over and grabs it from Blake's hands, leaving Blake in tears. Derek's action is an example of _____.

instrumental aggression

The process of maturation involves _____ and _____ growth that accompanies or continues beyond the process of physical growth.

intellectual; emotional

Why did the use of developmental theories become popular for analyzing human growth?

it allowed us to view the growth taking place in a positive way

All of the following are benefits of a true experiment, EXCEPT:

it always help to prove that your hypothesis is true

What is one problem with Kohlberg's theory?

it focuses on while, western men

Why is fighting with parents during adolescence actually a positive thing?

it helps teens explore boundaries and build autonomy

Which of the following scenarios illustrates the principle of multidirectionality of development over time?

jana is amazed at how quickly her 5 year old picked up German phrases on their trip. Jana couldn't seem to remember any of it, though she did pick up social customs that the child didn't even notice.

Which one of the following individuals would be BEST placed in a nursing home for care?

janet has developed dementia and will need care and medical attention for the rest of her life

Which of the following is an example of palliative care?

jeb is being treated at home with strong painkillers in order to ease his suffering during his final days

Which of the following examples BEST demonstrates the idea of attachement?

jenna follows her parents around when they are home and becomes upset whenever they leave her with a babysitter

_____ is the psychiatrist responsible for first developingattachment theory, a theory of human development that is based on parent-child relationships.

john bowlby

Which of the following is the MOST likely member of a sandwich generation?

john, a middle-aged man in his forties

Which of the following situations is MOST indicative of collectivist culture?

kim, a second-generation american, dreams of pursing a career in acting but will defer to her parent who have plans for her to attend medical school

Kylee is diagnosed with ADHD. Which of the following describes behavior that would have led Kylee's doctor to such a conclusion?

kylee is inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive

The time of life after age 65 is called _____.

late adulthood

Sonia walks over to the stove and reaches up toward it only to feel an intense heat that makes her pull her hand back quickly before she is badly burned. From that point on she never reaches up toward the stove. This process of changing behavior based on uncomfortable stimuli is an example of _____.

learning

The Zone of Proximal Development theory, which explains one way in which social interaction can aid intellectual development, was the work of _____.

lev vygotsky

A written document that outlines the type of care someone wants in the event that they are incapacitated, such as what type of resuscitation measures they would want taken, is called a _____.

living will

Janet plans to study changes in intelligence over a period of 20 years for her group of research participants. She plans to test participants' IQs at five year intervals with one final test at the end of the 20 year period. Janet's study is _____.

longitudinal

Greg's baby, Trisha, reacts to stimuli by remaining calm and cool. Which of the following would best describe Trisha?

low reactivity

Tina and Tommy are twins. When the smoke alarm goes off outside of their room, Tommy turns red and begins to cry very loudly. Tina, on the other hand, continues to rest peacefully, staring up at the mobile in her crib. Tina is exhibiting _____.

low reactivity

Child abusers often have _____ self-esteem and were _____ abused as children.

low; also

The mesoderm is one of the three germ layers which will differentiate into developmental structures during the embryonic stage of development. It will develop into _____.

lungs, bones, and muscles (including the heart)

Thomas makes sure to eat breakfast on the second day of his test prep course. That is because on the first day he skipped breakfast and found he couldn't begin to concentrate on anything the teacher was saying. He does much better on the second day and feels like he learns a lot that will help when he takes the test. This example is consistent with which of the following motivational theories?

maslow's hierarchy of needs

Kayla lives in a household with her younger sister and her mother, Gwen. Gwen has sole custody of the children now that she is divorced from Kayla's father who has moved to another country. Kayla's family situation can best be described as _____.

matrifocal

When we manipulate the world in our mind in order to solve problems, we are performing a _____.

mental operation

In human female reproduction, at what stage of meiosis is the egg released during ovulation?

metaphase 2

The phenomenon of gender crossover, or the notion that significant others may begin assuming roles that are often associated with the opposite gender, is MOST often a part of _____ adulthood.

middle

barry is nine years old. he is in the _ stage of childhood

middle

The weight gain that is typical in middle age is commonly referred to as _____.

middle age spread

In order to ethically conduct research a psychologist must make every effort to _____ from participants.

minimize harm, and obtain informed consent

Baby Teddy's pediatrician is conducting reflex testing to make sure that Teddy's nervous system is functioning well. In one test he places the baby on a padded surface, raises his head a little, and then lets Teddy's head drop back onto the padding. Teddy's pediatrician is testing his _____.

moro reflex

when jill speaks with her pre-teen son she speaks as if she is talking with a friend. In contrast, when Jill speaks to her toddler daughter she speaks slowly with a high pitched voice and careful pronunciation using short sentences. Jill is using _____, when speaking to her toddler.

motherese

Multi-infarct dementia is a type of dementia which is caused by _____.

multiple mini-strokes, including some that the patient may not even be aware of

Nancy has a PhD while her husband Tom never finished college. Nancy frequently goes out of her way to verbally express her sense of superiority to Tom. Which of the following is a strong indicator their marriage will fail?

nancy's contempt for her husband

What is the name for the developmental period in which a baby learns to breathe air, drink and digest milk, and control his or her body temperature?

neonatal period

Susan is in her early twenties and hopes to have children soon. Her doctor tells her that it is very important to take a folic acid supplement to avoid a birth defect called spina bifida, which occurs in very early fetal development before a woman knows she is pregnant. Spina bifida occurs when the _____ is compromised in early development.

neural tube

Is there such thing as a best type of family? Why or why not?

no, because the healthy development of the child depends on how the individuals interact with each other rather than the type of family

Can a sperm still reach and fertilize an egg 36 hours after ovulation?

no. the sperm must reach and fertilize an egg within a 12-24 hour window after ovulation

Teddy is almost two. His older brother Bill has fooled Teddy many times by holding out a treat and then putting it behind his back and telling Teddy that it 'disappeared.' This time, though, something is different. Teddy begins to smile and runs around behind Bill to get the treat. Teddy has begun to understand _____.

object permanence

Autosomal abnormalities are those that occur:

on any of the first 22 pairs of chromosomes

During childbearing years, a woman's ovary usually releases ___

one egg per month

gillian and kate are monozygotic twins. this means that they developed from which of the following?

one egg that was fertilized by one sperm

Debra has Turner Syndrome. This means that she is missing _____ and may be short of stature with short fingers and toes as well as _____.

one or part of one x chromosome; fertility problems

A holophrase is _____ used by a child to convey a(n) _____

one word; entire thought or idea

Once labor has begun, the hormone _____ signals the uterus to continue contracting.

oxytocin

When it gets to the point where Fred's doctors can do no more to stop his cancer, they focus on _____ care, a type of care focused on _____.

palliative; easing his suffering

To help children deal with fear, a parent should NOT _____.

panic

According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory, a microsystem is a system that might include _____.

parents, friends, or caregivers

A person who 'accidentally' deletes a coworker's presentation because the coworker forgot their lunch date is expressing _____.

passive aggression

The social influence of _____ increases significantly as children transition into adolescence.

peers

Debra carries the genetic mutation for Retinitis Pigmentosa 11 (RP11), a syndrome which causes increasing vision problems and often leads to legal or complete blindness. Fortunately, Debra never develops symptoms of the syndrome, though her two brothers do. This is because the _____ of RP11 is only 60 to 70%, meaning that 1 out of 3 affected individuals will never develop symptoms.

penetrance

What happens in late adulthood?

people look back on their life and make peace

A long-lasting pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that deviate from relevant cultural expectations can be classified as a _____.

personality disorder

Changes made to the genotype of a certain tomato plant produce tomatoes of varying sizes. Observable differences caused by changes to a genotype, such as the difference in tomato size in this example, are called _____.

phenotypes

Sarah is in the the third stage of labor which is also called the _____ stage and will culminate with _____.

placental; the placenta being expelled from sarah's uterus

Jeremiah is five years old and in his first year of primary school. As he learns new things and is exposed to new ideas he finds himself better able to think about everything he encounters. This is because his brain is changing in response to his new experiences through a mechanism known as brain _____.

plasticity

When traits are controlled by more than one gene, the term _____ applies.

polygenic inheritance

Newborns engage in a _____ sleep pattern, meaning that they sleep _____ periods during any given 24 hours.

polyphasic; for many

Lionel notices that his customers spend more on rainy days and it seems like as the rain gets heavier, their spending increases. This is an example of _____.

positive correlation, since it demonstrates that as rain becomes heavier, spending increases

Which of the following is a common social issue for life after age 65?

poverty

____ is a common condition in middle age where the lens of the eye loses the ability to adjust to objects at varying distances.

presbyopia

How does preschool differ from daycare?

preschool focuses mainly on academics rather than play

The amnion is a _____ that surrounds a growing fetus in the mother's uterus and protects the fetus from foreign objects and temperature changes.

protective sac

Which of the following is NOT an example of relational aggression?

pushing a relative to the ground

If Sarah is in the play stage of George Herbert Mead's stages of development she is most likely to do which of the following when she is given a cow costume?

put it on and run around saying 'moo' and pretending to be a cow

Sam solicits volunteers for his study on consumer preferences, and ends up with a group of 60 volunteers from which he will pick a study sample. He then places the names of all of the volunteers on separate slips of paper in a bowl, and has a blindfolded friend reach in and pull out 20 names to use in the sample. This is an example of _____.

random sampling

Janet is studying the effect of social media use on academic achievement for fourth graders at the school where she teaches. Which of the following sampling methods would provide Janet with the most representative sample of the fourth grade population?

randomly choosing ten students from each of the fourth grade classrooms by picking names from a hat

A baby who is exhibiting the root reflex will _____.

react to a light brush on the cheek by turning in that direction and sucking

The prefrontal lobe, which is responsible for _____, develops _____ in childhood.

reasoning and problem solving; dramatically

Jilly warns her mom that the water pitcher will soon be empty if she keeps pouring water into the glasses on the table. Jilly is demonstrating an understanding of _____, because she understands that as more water is in the glasses, less will be in the pitcher.

reciprocity

an epidural is a _ anesthetic that dulls pain _.

regional; in the lower part of the body

How do you define cross-sectional research?

research studies that make a comparison of different groups at the same time

Dr. Jensen is conducting research in which one group is given a twelve week live course in Biology while another is provided with a self-paced online course that covers the exact same material. At the end of the experimental period, both groups are given a test in order to see which group retained more of the course content. The dependent variable in this experiment is the _____.

retention score

Sensorimotor structures, inter-relational structures, dimensional structures, vectorial structures The stages listed above are the stages of executive structure in _____ theory of development

robbie case's

Emily and Robert are married with two children. Though Robert works as an architect, he works at home and also homeschools the children. The couple rarely disagrees, but when they do Robert becomes very tearful and sad, while Emily becomes quiet and uncommunicative. Which aspects of Emily and Robert's situation CLEARLY illustrate non-traditional gender roles?

robert teaches the children and appears to be the more emotional partner, both traditionally though of as female roles

The correct order of Maslow's hierarchy of needs from least important to most important is: physiological, _____, social, _____, and self-actualization.

safety; esteem

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning with positive reinforcement?

sammy givers her pet parakeet a honey treat whenever the bird hops on her finger

Which of the following teenagers BEST illustrates the identity foreclosure stage of identity development?

sara has adopted her mother's conservative opinions and ideas, although she is not sure she fully understands them

8-month old Sadie notices that when she sticks her tongue out all of the adults around her start laughing. Soon she is doing it over and over again in order to get the adults to laugh. Sadie's behavior would be classified by Piaget as a _____

secondary circular reaction

As we age, the _____ gradually starts to degenerate.

sensory cortex

Devon likes to keep all of the books and notebooks on her shelves arranged in groups according to their heights. This type of arrangement is called _____.

seriation

According to Vaillant, which of the following is NOT a stage of adult development?

settling down

How are sex and gender different?

sex is a means of classifying people based on their sexual organs, gender is a psychological state

Hemophilia, in which patients have problems with blood clotting, is an example of a _____

sex-linked chromosome mutation

One day after gym class, a group of boys snaps a picture of Tom while he's showering and begin circulating it online with a caption that insinuates that Tom is gay. The boys' action is a type of _____.

sexual bullying

How did Kubler-Ross revolutionize care for dying people?

she made caregivers more sensitive to a patient's emotional needs by focusing on care, as opposed to cures

Bella's mom is disappointed to find out that Bella has not been turning in her Physics homework, resulting in a D for the semester. Bella's mom has an authoritative parenting style. Considering her parenting style, which of the following is the most probable way that Bella's mom will handle the situation?

she will most likely sit down and talk to bella about the situation and will not punish her if bella has a good explanation for why this happened

Bill and Tara have a newborn baby girl. They can expect which of the following about their baby's sleep patterns?

she will need about 16 hours of sleep per day and have 6-7 periods of sleep (polyphasic sleep) each day

Why do people dislike the phrase assisted suicide?

since terminally ill people will die anyway, people feel the correct term to use is assisted death

The name zygote is given to the _____.

single cell when dna from an egg and sperm first combine

Jim runs into the house after school and tells his mother that he absolutely must have the latest phone that everybody else has. This type of behavior is new for Jim; a year ago he wasn't even aware of what the other kids were doing. Jim's new behavior is a sign of developing _____.

social conformity

As Janey watches her best friend complete the problem up at the board, she begins to feel like she can really do these types of problems too. After all, she and her friend are very much alike and neither one seems smarter than the other. Janey's increase in self-efficacy is built on what Albert Bandura called _____.

social modeling

Sam really dislikes it when the staff at the assisted living use elderspeak with him. This is a way of talking with an older person that involves _____.

speaking in a high-pitched loud voice with short, simple sentences, as if talking to a baby

Daphne used to smoke incessantly to deal with stress, but finally quit the habit after taking a smoking cessation class. In fact, she hasn't smoked for fifteen years. Then, during an extremely busy week at work, she starts to feel stressed and grabs a cigarette a couple of times during the week to help her cope. This is an example of _____ of a conditioned response.

spontaneous recovery

Most of the babies born at Derby Hospital on July 1st have a weight that falls in a range from 6 1/2 to 7 1/2 pounds. This illustrates the concept of _____ selection, in which average phenotypes are naturally favored.

stabilizing

Daniel Levinson is known for his _____ theory, which includes eight stages of growth that begin at age 17.

stages of life

As part of his dissertation research, James is sending questionnaires to all of the students enrolled in the university's economics department along with an explanation of the research he is conducting and a request for student participation. This is an example of _____ research.

survey

The two processes that allow children's brains to learn more in less time and become overall more functional during early childhood are _____ and _____.

synaptic growth; synaptic pruning

How does decentration differ from centration?

taking into consideration multiple aspects of a situation only happens in decentration

Janet has Trisomy X (or Triple X Syndrome), which means that she has an extra X chromosome in each cell. You would expect her to have:

tall stature, increased space between her eyes, a proportionally smaller head size, delayed motor coordination, and learning disabilities

Which of these lists contains diseases or syndromes which are ALL caused by autosomal chromosome mutations?

tay-sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, and cystic fibrosis

Common toddler phrases such as 'Me scared' and 'Me hungry' are examples of _____.

telegraphic speech

Ever since Janet was a toddler, she has been impatient with those around her and quick to anger. These types of innate emotional and behavioral traits are referred to as _____.

temperament

_____ are drugs which can cause birth defects or miscarriage, such as the 1950s drug _____ which was given to many women at that time for morning sickness.

teratogens; thalidomide

A flat rectangle of snow covering a driveway is shovelled into a big, tall pile. If a child has a sense of conservation, then what conclusion will they draw about the snow?

the amount of snow covering the driveway and in the pile are the same

What might happen if a pregnant female smokes during pregnancy?

the baby might have a low birth weight

Bill and Sarah have been together for five years. Bill thinks things are going great, but Sarah's not so happy. It seems like she's the one who does all the work in the relationship, and if it wasn't for her hard work, Bill would just let it fall apart. This arrangement is a problem according to which theory of love?

the equity theory of love

For the most part, socialization begins with _____.

the family

How do explicit-theoretical and implicit-theoretical approaches to wisdom differ?

the implicit-theoretical approach is focused on what people mean when they talk about wisdom, while the explicit-theoretical is focused on empirical, scientific conceptions of wisdom

according to maslow, physiological needs are _ that motivate humans.

the most fundamental needs

Grace believes that a person is born with a certain degree of intelligence and that the environment they are raised in has little to do with their intelligence. Which theme in psychology does her belief represent?

the nature vs. nurture debate

What is MOST likely to increase in the typical American household if younger adults graduating from college are burdened by high student loan debt, a challenging economy, and lack of savings to afford their own residence?

the number of boomerang kids

Which of the following is a change that appears during middle adulthood?

the physical signs of aging become apparent

Sharon's doctor suggests that she have an amniocentesis. Which of the following BEST describes the procedure the doctor is suggesting?

the test involves the extraction and testing of some of the amniotic fluid that surrounds the baby. it is done to test for genetic abnormalities

Betty's baby has a very low reactivity to certain stimuli. According to Kagan's research, which of the following is true?

there is a good chance that betty's baby will be uninhibited as an adult

Which of the following is a disadvantage to a job, such as a construction worker, that does not require a college degree?

they are often better for younger workers

What happens when someone enters the Age 30 Transition (28-33 years)?

they ask if they are living their dreams, and make changes to do that if they are not

Whenever little Mary is angry at another child in her kindergarten class, she kicks or punches the other child. How can Mary's parents help her learn to deal in a better way with these situations?

they can help her learn self-regulation by talking with her about what she's feeling and helping her find alternative ways to express her emotions

Sometimes 4-year old Johnny comes running into his parents' room scared that there is a 'bad guy' in his closet. How can his parents best help him in this situation?

they can remain clam, reassure johnny, and show him that there isn't anyone in his closet

Alex and Betty are the exact same age, but Alex has a learning disability. Should we expect their respective levels of cognitive development to be the same or different? Why?

they may be different, because alex has a disability

According to Lev Vygotsky, placing children in an environment with _____ is good for them as it creates a _____.

those slightly more advanced than they are; zone of proximal development

which of the following scenarios is an example of emotional infidelity?

though bill is married, the woman he feels closest to is his friend janey at work. he often secretly calls her after work and finds himself sexually attracted to her through nothing sexual has happened between them.

Based on the results of Hans Jurgen Eysenck's study of twins and neuroticism, with which of the following statements would you agree?

though environmental factors do play a role, biological factors play the greatest role in neuroticism

How can work improve cognitive development?

through a mix of social and intellectual challenges

Why might someone choose to have a medicated childbirth?

to dull the pain of childbirth

Tom's parents have a permissive parenting style. Which of the following best describes the contrast between Tom's parents' approach and that of his girlfriend's parents who have a neglectful style?

tom's parents don't set standard and tend to give in to his demands, while his girlfriend's parents don't even know what she is up to

When Jim is 48 he goes to his optometrist and is told he has presbyopia. The doctor explains that this condition is common in middle age and accounts for Jim's recent _____.

trouble reading fine print on labels

A cross-sequential study compares _____.

two separate but similar longitudinal research studies that are conducted at different times

A diploid contains _____ of each chromosome.

two versions

Jenny is very competitive and driven to achieve great things. She is most likely a _____ personality.

type a

Your young son asks you why he has a belly button. You explain to him that it is what remains of the _____ that attached him to his mom as he grew inside her, providing nutrients and oxygen for him from something called a placenta.

umbilical cord

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

when a woman has contraction it always means that true labor has begun

Which of the following is a good example of operant conditioning with negative punishment?

when sam's mother catches him hitting another child during playgroup, she speaks sharply with him and puts him in timeout

Which of the following scenarios illustrates the concept of gender identity in adolescence?

when tad thinks of males, he thinks of sports and a love of competition. when he thinks of females he thinks of fashion and make-up

Which of the following BEST represents the idea of a scheme according to Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development?

when tara thinks of dinosaurs, she thinks of the words loud, scary, scaly, and large

If the trait for susceptibility to poison ivy is recessive and the trait for immunity to poison ivy is dominant, and a person has two dominant alleles in their gene pair, that person:

will be immune to poison ivy and does not carry the trait for susceptibility to poison ivy

Ted's father, William, has recently been diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia. Which of the following situations would be expected with William's dementia?

william seems mean and shows no empathy for his young grandson who is crying about losing a baseball game

As Olivia advances in her 40s, she notices that she does much better at remembering things that happened thirty years ago than she does at remembering what someone told her on the phone five minutes ago. This is a sign of a decline in _____.

working memory

After her mom died, Tara went through a period where she woke up several times a night in a panic and often felt confused. She also couldn't shake an angry irritation at her mom's cancer specialist who hadn't been able to save her. According to the Parkes/Bowlby attachment model of bereavement, Tara was in the _____ stage.

yearning

Leon began experiencing anger, guilt and restlessness several days after his cousin's death. His reaction is BEST described as _____.

yearning

Sam's father had Huntington's Disease. Now Sam is developing neurological symptoms. Sam's mother does not carry the gene for Huntington's Disease. Could Sam be developing the disease?

yes. the gene for hunington's disease is dominant so that it only has to be passed down from one parent for a child to develop the disease