PSYCH 10 - Chapter 1

Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy?

Carl Rogers

What is a PsyD?

Doctor of Psychology

In the study of personality, the ________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.

Five Factor

Which of the following is a reason that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States?

The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology.

What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.

The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive."

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.

a person's unconscious

When studying personality traits, someone who is helpful, trusting, and empathetic will score high on the ________ trait.

agreeableness

Critical thinking is ________.

applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information

Naghemeh wants to focus on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy. Which area of psychology should she work in?

counseling psychology

Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?

developmental psychology

Marta is pursuing a graduate degree in psychology. As part of her program she must write a long research paper based on the data she spent the last year gathering. What is the long research paper called?

dissertation

When studying personality traits, someone who is quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ________ trait.

extroversion

William James was the ________.

first American psychologist

Which of the following is not involved in critical thinking?

knowing your opinion is correct

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the ________ trait.

openness

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________.

Gestalt psychology

Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality?

Sigmund Freud

A(n) ________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment.

Skinner box

Peter is interested in pursuing a ________ training program with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention after he receives his PhD, which will allow him to further develop his research on adolescent suicide and broaden his research skills under the supervision of CDC researchers.

postdoctoral

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.

social psychology

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.

study the function of behavior

Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

developmental

When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the ________ trait.

neuroticism

If you show an adult a toy, and then hide it behind a curtain, the adult knows that the toy still exists. However, infants act as if a hidden object no longer exists. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

The empirical method of study is based on ________.

observation

Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology? -whether culture influences perception -what personality traits are present more often in men compared to women -whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese -Show the age of a leader affects the productivity of the group

whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese

When was psychology accepted as an academic discipline?

1800s

What was the primary conclusion of Stanley Milgram's obedience research?

Average people will harm others if told to do so by an authority figure.

Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution?

It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world.

Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist? John Watson Wilhelm Wundt Sigmund Freud William James

John Watson

Which of the following is a feminist criticism of the science of psychology?

Male bias exists in science.

Who started the feminist revolution in psychology? -Anna Freud -Bruno Bettelheim -Naomi Weisstein -Sigmund Freud

Naomi Weisstein

Psychology arose from which two fields?

Philosophy and Biology

In developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why?

Populations of developed nations are living longer.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Humanism focuses on the potential of all people for evil.

The word "evil" should be changed to the word "good."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Sigmund Freud believed that understanding the unconscious mind was critical to understand subconscious behavior.

The word "subconscious" should be changed to the word "conscious."

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

Their own conscious experience

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.

biopsychologist

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.

conscientiousness

________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

humanism

Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first?

hypothesis

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.

industrial-organizational

According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health?

interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________.

the use of reinforcement and punishment

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy? -Natasha is late for her therapy session and her therapist believes she did this because she unconsciously dislikes therapy. -Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment. -Boris tells his therapist that that he needs stronger medication and his therapist prescribes it. -Xavier receives a hug from the doctor when he arrives on time; he does not get a hug when he arrives late.

Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.

According to behaviorist B.F. Skinner, why shouldn't scientists have concerned themselves with attempting to study the mind?

Because of a lack of methods to measure it objectively

Why is psychology considered a social science?

Behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our interactions with others.

"Humans are essentially good, and have the freedom to take control of their own lives." This idea is characteristic of what school of psychology?

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow's Humanistic Psychology

This field of psychology arose in the 1960's, partially as a result of the rise of the computers:

Cognitive Psychology

John Locke conceptualized of which of the following ideas? -Empiricism-the belief that experience comes from the senses and the external world -Empiricism-the belief that experience comes from the inside, and one's rational thought processes -Idealism-the belief that experience comes from the inside, and one's rational thought processes -Idealism-the belief that experience comes from the senses and the external world

Empiricism-the belief that experience comes from the senses and the external world

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?

Francis Cecil Sumner

Which of the following does not influence perception? -where we focus our attention -cultural background -previous experiences -Gestalt

Gestalt

Which of the following is NOT true about Sigmund Freud? -He believed that some physical problems could be attributed to psychological conflicts -He argued that psychological problems should be treated psychologically -He established psychodynamic psychology -He believed that unconscious rage was the main psychological issue troubling most people

He believed that unconscious rage was the main psychological issue troubling most people

Which of the following exemplifies a personality trait? -Ida is charming. -Greg eats a cupcake. -James has blue eyes. -Marsha has three children

Ida is charming

Obedience, conformity, prejudice, and discrimination. These constructs are representative topics of research in which school of psychology?

Social Psychology

The 21st century field in psychology known as Cognitive Neuroscience is conceptualized as:

The confluence of Cognitive and Biological psychology, concerned with how physical structures are related to mental states

Cartesian Dualism is the idea that:

The mind and the body are separate from each other

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism? -The process was highly subjective. -Wilhelm Wundt falsified his results. -Scientific instruments were not sensitive enough to measure precise reaction times. -Structuralism was parsimonious.

The process was highly subjective.

What do industrial and organizational psychology, health psychology, sport and exercise psychology, forensic psychology, and clinical psychology all have in common? -They are all areas of psychology that developed in the 19th century. -Job growth is greatest in these fields. -They are all examples of applied psychology. -They all focus on groups instead of individuals.

They are all examples of applied psychology.

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.

Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?

Wilhelm Wundt

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist listed first.

Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky

Which of the following is NOT true about Wilhelm Wundt? -Wundt was the first to attempt to study the mind through experimentation -Wundt monitered and analyzed his thoughts in a process called "introspection" -Wundt created the first psychology laboratory -Wundt created the field of behaviorism in psychology

Wundt created the field of behaviorism in psychology

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology? -discovering the contributions of women to psychology -questioning the practice of science itself when it is male biased -favoring women over men -studying psychological gender differences

favoring women over men

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection

What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology?

mid- and top-level management

I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.

operant conditioning

For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ________.

perceivable and measurable

Behaviorists all focus on ________.

physiological responses that result in action

Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

scientific theory

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Which of the following defines hypothesis?

tentative explanation

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.

the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions