Psych 100: Ch. 5&6

Darin and his younger sister are seated on opposite sides of a table, facing each other. There are five toy houses on the table. Darin's mother asks him how his younger sister would see the toy houses. Darin provides explanations only from his perspective. He tells his mother that he does not know how his sister would visualize the toy houses. Which of the following is reflected in this scenario?

Darin is exhibiting egocentrism.

_____ is defined as a diagnostic category that encompasses the variety of ways in which wakefulness and awareness might be compromised.

Disorders of consciousness

_____ is the sex hormone that initiates the growth of breasts, widening of hips, and increase in body fat in girls.

Estradiol

What did research by neuroscientist Amir Raz and colleagues reveal?

Highly hypnotizable people had less activity in the areas of the brain that normally process word meaning.

Identify an accurate statement about myelination in humans.

In boys, the increased white matter organization occurs in the left hemisphere.

Which of the following statements is TRUE of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?

In humans, the amount of REM sleep over the life span corresponds to the degree of brain plasticity and neural growth.

Which of the following statements best describes gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)?

It is a neurotransmitter that decreases central nervous system activity.

Which of the following statements about the positive health effects of moderate alcohol intake is TRUE?

It is hotly debated for a variety of reasons.

Identify an accurate statement about the zone of proximal development.

It is the distance between what a child can learn alone and what that child can learn assisted by someone else, usually an adult.

Jacob, who is 12 years old, tells his friend that he is attracted to only females. His gender identity is the same as his sex assigned at birth. He has sexual fantasies about individuals of the opposite gender. Which of the following statements is TRUE in this scenario?

Jacob is cisgendered.

_____ meditations are designed to help people visit thoughts and ideas of wishing oneself and others happiness and health.

Lovingkindness

Which of the following people is at greatest risk for binge drinking?

Ricardo, who plays both basketball and baseball

_____ is defined as a delay in reaction time when the colors of words on a test and their meaning differ.

Stroop effect

According to the studies in mice, what effect did sleep deprivation have on them?

The growth of new neurons was inhibited.

Which of the following situations best exemplifies the concept of animistic thinking?

A child believes that lampposts are running along with her when she is traveling in a car.

Identify an accurate statement about the development of motor skills in babies.

Babies can hold objects by four months of age.

In the context of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which of the following statements is TRUE of alpha waves?

They are slower, higher-energy waves than beta waves.

Which of the following statements is TRUE of people who are minimally conscious?

They show signs of intentional behavior, but they cannot communicate.

Myelination proceeds from the _____ during the period from childhood to adolescence.

back of the brain to the frontal lobes

According to Piaget, in the _____ stage of cognitive development, logic is limited to what a child can directly observe.

concrete operational

Michael, a seven-year-old boy, fell from his bicycle onto a stone pavement on the road. He was rushed to a hospital immediately. However, he could neither open his eyes nor respond to stimuli. Michael's loss of consciousness was most likely due to

damage to the reticular activating system of the brain stem.

Piaget and Inhelder (1967) designed the three mountains task to measure young children's

egocentrism.

Which of the following symptoms of alcohol withdrawal can be best described as convincing sensory experiences that occur in the absence of an external stimulus?

hallucinations

Anita has trained herself well to be less self-conscious and less anxious than what she previously was. This is due to the fact that she is

highly mindful.

Tamara complains that her husband can actually sleep anywhere and anytime. He can sleep for more than 10 hours a day, notwithstanding the fact that he even dozes off during meals and in the middle of conversations. If Tamara's husband visits the doctor, the doctor is most likely to diagnose his problem as which of the following?

hypersomnia

The greatest amount of REM sleep over the life span occurs

in the first months of life.

Which of the following holds true for a minimally conscious person?

inability to communicate

Maternal stress will have all of the following effects except

increased serotonin production.

According to the strange-situation experiment conducted by Mary Ainsworth, _____ infants often show little to no distress in separation episodes, and when the mother returns, the infants tend to ignore and avoid her, focusing instead on something else in the room.

insecure-avoidant

With reference to the strange-situation experiment conducted by Mary Ainsworth, _____ infants show odd, conflicted behaviors in the strange situation.

insecure-disoriented

People show signs of intentional behavior when they are

minimally conscious.

When a person is roused by sounds that seem important while filtering out the rest that seem unexceptional, he/she is in a(n) _____ state.

moderately conscious

Some evidence suggests that _____ might offset or even prevent the kind of neural degeneration seen in Alzheimer's and other age-related brain disorders.

neurogenesis

The female gonads are called

ovaries.

A pediatrician is assessing nine-month-old Chiara's motor development, which involves observing changes in Chiara's

physical movement and body control.

In the context of prenatal development, until about _____ weeks after conception, there are no physical traits distinguishing male and female.

seven

The term _____ refers to our knowledge and ideas of how other people's minds work.

theory of mind

As compared to musicians, nonmusicians have

thinner corpus callosum.

When do people respond easily to hypnosis?

when they are relaxed

One cognitive benefit of aging is _____, the ability to live well, know what is important, and use good judgment.

wisdom