Psych 101 Exam 2

Cocaine causes the neurotransmitter dopamine to remain at the site of the synapse longer than it normally would; cocaine thus inhibits the process termed: A. recycling. B. reabsorption. C. reuse. D. reuptake.

D. reuptake.

Which of the following is NOT part of the brain stem? A. the pons B. the medulla C. the midbrain D. the cerebellum

D. the cerebellum

Our body's neural system is built from billions of nerve cells, also called: A. neurotransmitters. B. neurons. C. axons. D. genomes.

B. neurons.

An overdose of an acetylcholine agonist is most likely to produce: A. fatigue. B. paralysis. C. impulsiveness. D. anxiety.

B. paralysis.

A synapse is a: A. chemical. B. joint. C. signal. D. gap.

D. gap.

Which of the following sequences reflects the order in which a signal generally travels through a neuron? A. dendrite-->soma-->axon-->terminal buttons B. terminal buttons-->axon-->cell body-->dendrite C. cell body-->dendrite-->axon-->terminal buttons D. dendrite-->axon-->cell body-->terminal buttons

A. dendrite-->soma-->axon-->terminal buttons

Another term for neuron firing is: A. action potential. B. somatic potential. C. resting membrane potential. D. ion potential.

A. action potential.

Drugs that block the effects of neurotransmitters by occupying their receptor sites are called: A. antagonists. B. agonists. C. acetylcholines. D. selective inhibitors.

A. antagonists.

Like methamphetamine, ________ increases the concentration of dopamine in the synapse. A. cocaine B. alcohol C. MDMA D. heroin

A. cocaine

Genotype refers to the: A. genetic information carried by a cell. B. physical or behavioral characteristics actually expressed. C. results of a genetic mutation. D. probability of a gene being expressed.

A. genetic information carried by a cell.

Tetrahydrocannabinol is the psychoactive chemical in which drug? A. marijuana B. MDMA C. tetracycline D. crack cocaine

A. marijuana

A medication that blocks the reuptake of serotonin would lead to: A. more serotonin in the synapse. B. less serotonin in the synapse. C. more serotonin in the axon. D. less serotonin in the axon.

A. more serotonin in the synapse.

Which of the following brain areas is responsible for secreting melatonin? A. pineal gland B. suprachiasmic nuclei C. reticular formation D. substantia nigra

A. pineal gland

Axons: A. transmit nerve impulses to terminal buttons and vary in length. B. are always bundled with other axons to form nerves and are individually very short in length. C. vary in length depending on whether they send or receive information. D. are uniform in size throughout the body though capable of serving different functions.

A. transmit nerve impulses to terminal buttons and vary in length.

Interneurons communicate: A. within local or short distance circuits. B. directly on muscles. C. directly on sensory organs. D. with glial cells.

A. within local or short distance circuits.

________ are composed of ________, which in turn are made of ________. A. Chromosomes; DNA; genes B. Chromosomes; genes; DNA C. Genes; DNA; chromosomes D. Genes; chromosomes; DNA

B. Chromosomes; genes; DNA

What is the state of the electrical charge when a neuron is said to be at resting potential? A. Inside the neuron is more positive than outside the neuron. B. Inside the neuron is more negative than outside the neuron. C. Both the inside and outside of the neuron are of equal electrical charge. D. The inside of the neuron is hyperpolarized.

B. Inside the neuron is more negative than outside the neuron.

How do neurons communicate? A. Terminal buttons plug into receptor sites on adjacent dendrites. B. Neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind with receptors on the postsynaptic dendrite. C. Electric signals jump across the synapse to the adjacent neuron. D. Chemicals released into the synapse are converted to neurotransmitters that bind with receptors.

B. Neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind with receptors on the postsynaptic dendrite.

Drugs that produce their effects by mimicking neurotransmitters are called: A. antagonists. B. agonists. C. acetylcholines. D. reuptake inhibitors.

B. agonists.

Marijuana has been known to produce memory effects in long-time users. This result is most likely due to the altering of a large percentage of ________ receptors in the ________ of the brain. A. cannabinoid; frontal lobe B. cannabinoid; hippocampus C. ACTH; frontal lobe D. ACTH; hippocampus

B. cannabinoid; hippocampus

The ________ capture(s) the incoming chemical signal while the ________ release(s) the chemical signal. A. terminal buttons; dendrites B. dendrites; terminal buttons C. cell body; axon D. axon; cell body

B. dendrites; terminal buttons

Anke is working in a laboratory and comes across a rat that is grossly overweight and seems unable to stop eating. The researcher tells Anke this rat has a brain lesion. Which part of the brain most likely has the lesion? A. amygdala B. hypothalamus C. frontal lobe D. brain stem

B. hypothalamus

A myelin sheath is like the: A. tuning dial of a radio. B. insulation of a wire. C. layers of a cake. D. thermostat of a heater.

B. insulation of a wire.

In the nervous system, cells called ________ receive, integrate, and transmit information. A. axons B. neurons C. dendrites D. glial cells

B. neurons

Phenotype refers to the: A. genetic information carried by a cell. B. physical or behavioral characteristics actually C. expressed. results of a genetic mutation. D. probability of a gene being expressed.

B. physical or behavioral characteristics actually

According to research on hypnosis, what is the most important factor for hypnosis to work? A. the ability of the hypnotist B. the suggestibility of the individual who is to be hypnotized C. the expectations of the audience D. the intelligence of the individual who is to be hypnotized

B. the suggestibility of the individual who is to be hypnotized

The compulsive use of a drug despite negative consequences is referred to as: A. tolerance. B. withdrawal. C. addiction. D. dependence.

C. addiction.

Which of the following subcortical structures plays an important role in fear processing? A. hypothalamus B. hippocampus C. amygdala D. basal ganglia

C. amygdala

Consciousness is necessary for each of the following EXCEPT: A. complex actions. B. higher-level thinking. C. automatic processing. D. communicating with others.

C. automatic processing.

The extensions of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons are the: A. nerves. B. cell body. C. dendrites. D. axon terminal buttons.

C. dendrites.

This brain structure is associated with the formation of memories. A. thalamus B. amygdala C. hippocampus D. hypothalamus

C. hippocampus

Occasionally, Jon will fall asleep while working with a customer. Jon is experiencing which sleep disorder? A. sleep apnea B. insomnia C. narcolepsy D. paradoxical sleep

C. narcolepsy

A mind-altering substance that changes the brain's neurochemistry by activating neurotransmitter receptors is called a: A. neuromodulator. B. neurotoxin. C. psychoactive drug. D. psychoendorphin.

C. psychoactive drug.

The two types of ions that control neuron firing are: A. nitrogen and calcium. B. calcium and sodium. C. sodium and potassium. D. potassium and magnesium.

C. sodium and potassium.

Which of the following is NOT an adaptive function of sleep? A. restoration B. facilitation of learning C. synchronizing eye movements D. following of circadian rhythms

C. synchronizing eye movements

The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system. A. sensory B. peripheral C. somatic D. central

D. central

What are the branchlike appendages that detect chemical signals from other neurons? A. axons B. synapses C. cell bodies D. dendrites

D. dendrites

Drugs affect neural communication in each of the following ways EXCEPT: A. blocking reuptake. B. blocking receptors. C. destroying neurotransmitters. D. eliminating the need for action potentials.

D. eliminating the need for action potentials.

The ________ is a communication system that influences thoughts, behaviors, and actions via hormones. A. somatic nervous system B. sympathetic system C. parasympathetic system D. endocrine system

D. endocrine system

Which of the following is NOT a basic type of neuron? A. sensory neurons B. motor neurons C. interneurons D. myelin neurons

D. myelin neurons