PSYCH 101 HENDERSON FINAL

How many different scales are used to compile a profile from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

10

What stage of sleep are you most likely experiencing if an EEG of your brain activity showed sleep spindles and K-complexes?

2

Which of the following is an example of an instinctive behavior?

A smoker's love of nicotine

Terrance finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding.

Acoustic

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, when is the most efficient time for Carl to mow the lawn?

After he has received some exciting news

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ________.

Agoraphobia

Stage 1 sleep is characterized by a predominance of ________ wave activity in the brain.

Alpha

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An induvidual's personality develops throughout the lifespan

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

Associative

________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.

Attrition

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?

Balance between extroversion and introversion`

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder?

Being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

Biofeedback

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs and finally striving for self-actualization.

Biological; social

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

Body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

Chronic

Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________.

Chunking

What is comorbidity?

Co-occurance of two disorders

During Piaget's proposed ________ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly.

Concrete Operational

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

Congruence

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Continuous

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What dimension of job burnout does this exemplify?

Demension1- exhaustion

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

Denial

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we'd say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory.

Discontinuous

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia?

Dopamine & Serotonin

Barney used to live in Pittsburgh, and his telephone number started with the area code 412. Now he has moved to Baltimore, and his new telephone number has an area code of 410. Barney remembers his new area code by connecting it to the old one and just "subtracting two." This is an example of ________ rehearsal.

Elaborative

A(n) ________ is a subjective, affective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n) ________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.

Emotion; mood

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?

Episodic

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Esteem

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?

Evolutionary

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________.

Extinction

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe in the ________.

Facial feedback hypothesis

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

Fight-or-flight

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes?

Formal Operational

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.

Free Association

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?

Freudian Slip

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principles of ________.

Gestalt psychology

What was the overall result of Lashley's research that sought out the engram of human memory?

He found no evidence that an engram actually exists

________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

Heritability

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

Hippocampus

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development.

Identity vs. Confusion

________ (IRB) reviews research that involves the use of human participants.

Institutional Review Board

In looking at the area of multicultural psychology, what is a recognized deficit of this particular area of study?

It can describe what happens between cultures, but not explain why those differences occur.

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false?

It carries a much higher risk of leading to substance abuse

Which option is the most valid criticism of Watson and Rayner's work with "little Albert"?

It would be unethical by today's research standards

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

Lack if regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility and lack of remorse over misdeeds

In Pavlov's classical conditioning, the term conditioned is approximately synonymous with the word ________.

Learned

Which option is best described as a hormone that induces feelings of satiety, or fullness when eating?

Leptin

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode.

Manic

When Benito was five he cut his leg on some glass and needed stiches. Years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. Now, when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him. This is an example of the ________.

Misinformation effect paradigm

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?

Naomi believe that she can successfully complete law school

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Nathan appears to suffer from ________ personality disorder.

Narcissistic

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

Neo-Freudians reduce the emphasis on sex

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________.

Neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?

Night Terrors

Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?

Object Permanence

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

Operant Conditioning

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder.

PTSD

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders?

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

Permissive

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

Physical

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

Physiological

________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.

Primary

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress; he immediately uses the internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

Problem- Focused

Ross has learned that he has Parkinson's disease, and that in time he will lose some of his cognitive faculties. He and his wife have a lawyer draw up a document that names her a health care ________ who will be able to make medical decisions for Ross when he is unable to do so for himself.

Proxy

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

Regression

You see a television commercial for a product you may want to buy, and there is a telephone number you must call to place an order. Because you don't have anything with which to write down the number, you repeat it to yourself over and over again until you feel like you won't forget it. This process is called ________.

Rehearsal

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system.

Relearning

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?

Rosalind Cartwright

The ________ theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change.

Set point

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

Stimulant

You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ________.

Stimulus discrimination

In the study of personality, the ________ model includes different traits that are believed to underlie each individual's basic tendencies.

Studying the function of behavior in the world

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

The process was highly subjective.

Elaborative rehearsal involves ________.

Thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relations to knowledge already stored in your memory

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

Thoughts affect actions

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Erikson's developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Trust vs. Mistrust

Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?

Using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great lakes

Which individual wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology and is credited with establishing a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig?

Wilhelm Wundt

The ________ complex is the part of the brain with dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory.

basolateral

Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.

biological

Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.

case studies

A(n) ________ variable is a factor that affects both variables of interest in research and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.

confounding

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.

double-blind

Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists?

examination of anatomy and physiology

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?

favoring women over men

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

gross

Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system?

homeostasis

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

id

The process by which one's physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called ________ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

immunosuppression

A group of researchers investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable.

independent; dependent

Mona lives on the east coast of the USA. She takes an overnight flight to the west coast to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________.

jet lag

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

longitudinal

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________.

replication

A(n) ________ is conducted in order to determine whether there are meaningful differences between two groups in a study.

statistical analysis

Psychology refers to the ________.

the scientific study of mind and behavior

A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.

theory