Psych 11

He that has eyes to see and ears to hear may convince himself that no mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips: betrayal oozes out of him at every pore." -Sigmund Freud To which aspect of psychoanalytic theory was Freud referring?

Unconscious

Rita is unable to stay in a long-term relationship but always has a rational explanation for ending the relationship that, to her friends, does not seem rational at all. According to Freud, Rita is likely ending all her relationships because of:

Unconscious motivation

Joe fills out a personality inventory several times over the course of one year. The results of each administration of the test are extremely different. Joe's situation suggests that this personality inventory may not be

reliable

In theory, a personality trait should:

result in a relatively similar set of behaviors in a person across situations.

Redirecting one's unacceptable urges into more socially acceptable pursuits best defines which of the following defense mechanisms?

sublimation

According to Freud, which part of the mind acts as a person's conscience?

superego

In psychology, personality can be defined as:

the traits and behavioral patterns that incline you to behave, think and feel certain ways.

Humanistic psychologists assert that people are motivated to self-actualize. Which of the following statements best describes the meaning of this term?

trying to achieve their full potential

Feminist psychoanalytic critics of Freud most commonly argue that

women's superegos are just as strong as men's.

Someone who has an external locus of control is likely to have a

belief in luck.

According to Freud's psychosexual theory of development, a man's repression of sexual urges is a result of which of the following?

Fixation in the phallic stage

One major criticism of Freudian psychoanalytic theory is that it:

Focuses too much attention on sexual conflicts and fixations

A psychologist reads a list of words to his client, who immediately responds with the first thing that comes to mind. This technique is best described as:

Free association

One of the more severe criticisms leveled against Freudian psychoanalysis involves.

Freud's insistence in the anatomically rooted inferiority of women

What is meant by a "trait" in personality?

A relatively stable feature about a person's thoughts, feelings and/or behaviors

Which of the following examples best illustrates the pleasure principle?

A spoiled child acts out by throwing his toys at the wall when he doesn't get the Christmas gift he wanted.

As children learn they must follow rules and regulations in satisfying their wishes, they develop:

A superego

A systematic process used to avoid confrontation

A thought process that operates at an unconscious level to help an individual reduce anxiety

A fixation in the oral stage will include all of the following behaviors except:

Aggressiveness

As infants discover that parents put restrictions on satisfying their wishes, infants learn to control their wishes. According to Freud, they do this through the development of:

An ego

According to Albert Bandura, self-efficacy is best described as:

An individual's personal beliefs regarding how capable he or she is in controlling events and completing tasks

An individual who believes they essentially have control over occurrences and outcomes in their lives are said to have...

An internal locus of control

The "anima," "animus," "persona," and "shadow" are all:

Archetypes in the collective unconscious according to Carl Jung

When Johnny comes home from school and appears to be angry, his mother, Mary, wonders whether it is because of Johnny's notoriously bad temper or because someone was mean to Johnny. A psychologist studying how Mary tries to explain Johnny's behavior would likely be using which of the following?

Attribution theory

Research shows that individuals with a type A personality are more prone to:

Cardiac health problems

Jill was verbally reprimanded by her boss for dressing casually and was told to go home and change into professional attire. While driving home, Lauren gives the middle finger to a driver as he passes her. Which defense mechanism is associated with Lauren's behavior?

Displacement

The female version of the Oedipus complex is called the:

Electra complex

Which of the following terms does not describe the assumption behind Carl Rogers's self theory?

Extraversion

Which of the following statements is a good example of a Jungian archetype?

George runs for class president because he wants his classmates to believe he is a confident person.

Which of the following neo-Freudians believed that the major influence on personality development is found in the child-parent social interaction?

Horney

Which theory of personality emphasizes the value and importance of unconditional positive regard with regard to relationships?

Humanistic psychology

Freud believed the mental process must have a source of primitive energy called:

Id

Grace realizes she got back an extra hundred dollars from the bank teller. She has to decide whether or not she should return to the bank and inform the bank teller of the mistake. Grace is currently in conflict between her:

Id and superego

According to Carl Rogers, a client's personality is determined by measuring the difference between:

Ideal self and real self

If you are an American public school teacher in a diverse American city, which suggestion is most aligned with research in cultural contexts of personality?

If you are sufficiently familiar with the subcultures of your students, use your knowledge of them to better relate to your students and their parents.

Adam suffers from major depression. The biological cause most closely linked is...

Insufficient levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in Adam's brain

Ted believes when he graduates depends primarily on his motivation and determination. This thought process is called:

Internal locus of control

Mary always assumed that improving physical strength was something only men could do. However, after observing women body builders, Mary began to believe that she could start lifting weights. This is an example of a belief being created through:

Self-efficacy

Which of the following statements best illustrates rationalization?

Jay fails his math class and blames it on his teacher not liking him.

One of your classmates remarks that "Mary is all id." What does she likely mean?

Mary frequently pursues immediate gratification.

A true-false self-report questionnaire that describes a wide range of normal and abnormal behaviors is called:

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

A three-year-old boy is rejecting his father and only wants to be around his mother. Freud would theorize the child is going through which phase?

Oedipus complex

The "Big Five" personality characteristics are:

Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

Which of the following is true regarding the Five Factor model?

People low in openness are tend to be more rigid and routine

According to Freud, in what stage of psychosexual development does the Oedipus complex take place?

Phallic

James has been divorced twice. Now anytime he even goes out on a date with women, they tell him he is very misogynistic. James could be fixated in what psychosexual stage of development?

Phallic

A man who is wrestling with guilt over unethical practices he must carry out in his work speaks loudly and often about the unethical practices of those in other professions. Sigmund Freud would most likely characterize this as

Projection

Tom is still in love with his girlfriend, who broke up with him last week, but he acts as if he doesn't care and is actually happy to be rid of her. This is an example of which of the following defense mechanisms?

Reaction formation

Radical determinism is to behaviorism as is to the social-cognitive theory.

Reciprocal determinism

Liz is getting ready for a blind date and is nervous about the impression and signals she may give to her date as well as how she will interpret the signals given by her date, especially after watching a film about date rape. If a psychologist were studying Liz's thought processes, what area of psychology would best be applied for the study?

Social cognition psychology

Alfred Adler proposed that humans are motivated by:

Social urges

Raymond Cattell claimed that 35 basic traits could describe all differences among personalities. He called these traits.

Source

Todd has had a crush on Donna for the past year, but he does not have the courage to ask her out. He is frustrated with himself and begins taking a kickboxing class at his local gym. This scenario best illustrates which defense mechanism?

Sublimation

Sue is a 24 year-old woman who avoids visiting her mother because doing so causes her a great deal of anxiety. How might Carl Jung interpret this scenario?

Sue is mired in a complex involving her ideation of the Mother archetype.

Which of the following tests is an example of a projective test, consisting of a set of ambiguous pictures about which people are asked to tell a story?

TAT

The trait theory can best be defined as:

The analysis of the structure of personality by classifying similarities and differences in personality characteristics

Which of the following is false regarding Erikson's psychosocial stages of development?

The first developmental task is for a child to develop autonomy

Freud's psychodynamic theory of personality emphasizes:

The importance of early childhood experiences

Neo-Freudians agree with Freud on all of the following basic ideas except:

The importance of sexual drives and conflicts

According to Freud, what is the preconscious?

The part of the mind that is right below the conscious surface

Which of the following does not resemble someone who has self-actualized?

They are resistant to change and prefer that their approach be adopted

An individual who is hyper-organized and insists on having set in a very particular fashion may have a fixation in this stage, according to Freudian thought.

anal

Which of the following is a value of a collectivistic culture?

courtesy

Your ability to successfully find a partner for the rest of your life in this psychosexual stage is predicated in part on any fixations from all of the previous stages.

genital

Which approach toward personality is the least deterministic?

humanistic

Perhaps the most culturally sensitive approach to studying culture is the _______ approach.

indigenous

According to the humanistic approach:

individuals choices are an important part of who we are and what we will become.

When a person feels that they don't stack up to their own expectations, or that of others, they may have this according to Alfred Adler.

inferiority complex

One personality trait that is thought to be highly heritable is

introversion

This is the first stage in Freud's Psychosexual Development to not have a major conflict that requires successful resolution.

latency

A highly reactive adult is:

likely to make something small a much bigger deal than it truly is.

Jamal sucked his thumb until age eight. As an adult, he smokes, chews gum, and thinks constantly of food. Psychoanalysts would describe Jamal as having a (an)

oral fixation

Maslow's position on personality is that it is shaped by a person's _______.

past and present history of satisfying their needs.

According to Galen's theory of four temperaments, someone who is "phlegmatic" would be fairly described as someone who is:

persistent

Those from a collectivist culture:

place high value on social harmony.

Juan has a crush on Sally, but he never admits it. Instead, he tells all who will listen, "Sally is really into him." Psychoanalysts would see Juan's behavior as an example of

projection

Belief that personality is created by the interaction between a person, his or her behavior, and the environment is known as

reciprocal determinism

When an adult decides to watch cartoons on a Saturday morning because they used to do that as a kid, they could be leaning on this defense mechanism.

regression