PSYCH 110 - Exam Study Set (CH 1)
_______ is credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany.
Wilhelm Wundt
Brandon is a psychologist who is studying the relationship between heredity and mood disorders. He strongly believes that behavior and mental processes have a connection with the brain, hormones, heredity, and evolution. Brandon's beliefs are most consistent with the _____ perspective.
biological
Erik works as a counselor. He strongly believes in an individual's capacity for self-fulfillment, self-awareness, and decision making. He follows the principle that people are responsible for choosing their conduct. Erik's beliefs best exemplify the _______ perspective.
humanistic-existential
Wilhelm Wundt used __________ to try to discover the basic elements of experience.
introspection
While industrial psychologists focus on the relationships between people and work, __________ study the behavior of people in workplaces such as businesses.
organizational psychologists
Amelia is a general physician. One of her patients claimed to be suffering from constant stomach aches. After running some tests, Amelia concludes that the patient is not suffering from any medical disorder. However, the patient insisted that she has stomach cancer. The patient then volunteered for a medical trial where she was given a pill with a new medication while participants in the trial were given sugar pills. This best exemplifies _____.
a placebo
An association among variables is known as __________.
correlation
Structuralists tended to ask, "What are the pieces that make up thinking and experience?" In contrast, __________ tended to ask, "How do behavior and mental processes help people adapt to the requirements of their lives?"
functionalists
Jane is a practicing psychologist who assesses the mental status of people charged with crimes and shares her findings with the courts. Jane is most likely a/an ________.
forensic psychologist
Sujay is conducting a research on a group of factory machinists as part of a study on workplace stress and heart disease. Before conducting his study, he explains the objective of the study to the subjects and tells them what they would need to do. He gives them the opportunity to choose if they want to participate or not. In other words, Sujay is seeking __________.
informed consent
__________ are different from clinical psychologists in that their clients typically have adjustment problems, such as trouble making academic or vocational decisions or making friends in college, but not serious psychological disorders.
Counseling psychologists
Which of the following is true of Aristotle's contribution to psychology?
He argued that human behavior is subject to rules and laws.
__________is the school of psychology that argues that the mind consists of three basic elements—sensations, feelings, and images—that combine to form experience.
Structuralism
Which of the following statements is true of the experimental method of research?
The experimental method allows psychologists to control the experiences of participants and draw conclusions about cause and effect.
Since 15 percent of a university is comprised of Asian-American students, a sample for a study was chosen in such way that it, too, consisted of 15 percent Asian Americans. This kind of sample would be an example of a __________.
stratified sample
Which of the following statements is true of applied research?
It is designed to find solutions to specific personal or social problems.
Which of the following is a goal of psychology?
To explain behavior and mental processes.
A/an _______ expresses the strength and direction (positive or negative) of the relationship between two variables.
correlation coefficient
In every experiment, the ______ is what the researcher is trying to determine has changed or not.
dependent variable
According to the biological perspective of psychology, __________ interact with inherited factors to determine specific behavior and mental processes.
environmental factors