PSYCH 110 - Exam Study Set (CH 2)

While returning from the grocery store, Bob was held at gunpoint by two men who wanted to rob him of his belongings. Bob had never been in a fight before, yet he could feel his heartbeat rapidly rise, along with a sudden urge to fight the two men. This involuntary increase in Bob's heartbeat and his immediate urge to fight the men are controlled by the __________.

sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in emotional arousal and sleep?

Serotonin

Every time a neuron fires, it transmits an impulse of the same strength. This occurrence is known as the __________.

all-or-none principle

A neuron has a/an _______ that extends like a trunk from the cell body.

axon

Nicotine, alcohol, and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heighten levels of _______.

dopamine

The __________ is a group of structures involved in memory, motivation, and emotion that forms a fringe along the inner edge of the cerebrum.

limbic system

Emily suffers from insomnia. When she went to see a doctor, she was told that her sleeplessness was caused by the deficiency of a particular hormone. The doctor then gave her sleeping pills containing the deficient hormone. Emily has _______ deficiency.

melatonin

The __________ minimizes leakage of the electrical current being carried along the axon, thereby allowing messages to be conducted more efficiently.

myelin sheath

The _______ is the part of the nervous system that is involved with sensory and motor neurons.

peripheral nervous system

The __________ lies below the hypothalamus and is dubbed the "master gland."

pituitary gland

The brain and the spinal cord make up the _______, which controls and commands bodily functions.

central nervous system

The ________ is the body's system of ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream.

endocrine system

Alicia was recently in a car accident. Since then, she cannot retain memories of events that occurred after the accident. However, she can recall events that took place before the accident. She recognizes her family and friends and important dates, such as her birthday and her marriage anniversary, but has to be constantly reintroduced to the new people in her life. Alicia has most likely sustained damage to her _______.

hippocampus

Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. Since then, she has had immense difficulty in communicating with others. She appears to understand what others tell her, but her responses are slow and laborious. Her sentences are always incomplete, with important grammatical words missing. Which of the following conditions best reflects Phoebe's case?

Broca's aphasia

While Ebony was playing a video game and trying to keep her character alive, she started to become anxious, causing her pulse to increase. Which hormone was responsible for this reaction?

Epinephrine

Esteban finds that he is often very anxious and not at ease. Which of the following neurotransmitters might help him the most?

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

__________ form a fatty substance called myelin.

Glial cells

Claire, who is 11 months old, is just starting to crawl and walk. Which of the following is heavily involved in this newfound ability?

Myelination

What is the purpose of a split-brain operation?

To confine epileptic seizures to one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex.

The fluid-filled gap between two neurons through which neurotransmitters carry neural impulses is known as the ________.

synaptic cleft