Psych 111 chapter 1

The annual costs of brain disorders and addictions in the United States is an estimated:

1 trillion

Which of the following philosophers debated the mind-brain question?

1.Aristotle 2.Democritus 3.Plato

Why did Descartes choose the pineal gland as the "seat of the soul"?

1.It was in a perfect position to serve this function. 2.It was capable of bending at different angles to direct the flow of animal spirits. 3.It was attached just below the two cerebral hemispheres.

Which statement below is true of the vulnerability model?

1.We inherit dispositions, not destinies. 2.This model has been applied to disorders such as schizophrenia. 3.The model shows how nature and nurture interact to produce a characteristic or disorder.

The degree of genetic similarity between identical twins is:

100%

Genetic effects are:

Active at some times, inactive at other time

If someone is interested in the relationships between behavior and the body, what area of science do they work in?

All of the above

According to Descartes, the brain controlled behavior by:

Directing spirit fluid through nerves, thereby inflating the muscles

A ___ gene will produce its effect regardless of which gene it is paired with.

Dominant

According to the work done by Helmholtz, the speed of neural conduction is about the same as electricity.

False

Biological psychologists believe there is little hope that the mind-body question will ever be solved.

False

Descartes concluded the mind and body interacted in the pituitary gland.

False

Luigi Galvani identified a region of the brain that he thought was necessary for hearing.

False

The specific pattern of genes inherited at conception defines an individual's: Phenotype

Genotype

___ calculated the velocity of the electrical nerve impulse to be about ___.

Helmholtz, 90 feet/second

Who first measured the speed of conduction in the nervous system?

Hermann von Helmholtz

As far as is known, the only humans who have the same genotype are:

Identical Twins

The proposition that heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely to be passed on to subsequent generations is known as:

Natural selection

Which of the following statements is true about the Human Genome Project and the subsequent ENCODE Project?

Only about 3% of our DNA sequence encodes for proteins.

Twin studies have shown that:

There is a strong case for a genetic basis if the identical twin concordance rate is higher than the rate for fraternal twins.

Heritability is the percentage of variation in a given characteristic that can be attributed to genetics.

True

Humans have far fewer genes than originally thought?

True

Psychologists no longer find it useful to talk about nature versus nurture

True

The Y chromosome has fewer genes on it than the X chromosome.

True

An individual does not inherit schizophrenia but instead inherits a ___ for becoming schizophrenic.

Vulnerability

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the dualism view of the mind-brain problem?

brain is matter mind is not

Some of our non-coding DNA controls ___. mutation rate

gene expression

___ is the percentage of the variation in a given characteristic that can be attributed to genetics.

heritability

If a person has different genes for hand clasping preference, they are ___ for that trait.

heterozygous

The human characteristic that has been most investigated for its genetic basis is:

intelligence

An organism's complexity ___ with the number of its genes; it ___ with the amount of junk DNA.

is not correlated, is correlated

The proposition that specific brain areas control specific functions refers to:

localization

Most behavioral characteristics and psychological disorders are:

polygenic

A ___ gene will have its effects only when it is paired with a similar gene on the other chromosome.

recessive

Hermann Helmholtz was the first to accurately measure the speed of conduction in nerves.

true

The fertilized egg is called a:

zygote