psych 111 chapter 3

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.

spinal cord

The space between two neurons is called the ________.

synapse

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.

temperature, touch, and pain

The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?

temporal lobe

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. This is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. Which area of Rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Wernicke's area

________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

action potential

During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?

adrenal

The ________ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories.

amygdala

Which of the following senses is associated with the temporal lobe?

audition

Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the ________ that contributes to certain behaviors.

biology

Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

breathing

The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills.

cerebellum

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

depression

________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior.

dopamine

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

dopamine and norepinephrine

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories.

limbic system ; emotional

Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.

somatic

The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.

hormones

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

Jennifer has been depressed for several months, and she decided to take an overdose of sleeping pills. After taking the pills, her breathing rate decreased dramatically, her heart slowed down, and her blood pressure decreased. Which brain structure is the drug acting on?

medulla

Psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms restoring ________ balance.

neurotransmitter

Dmitri is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?

no sensation in his legs and feet

The ________ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system.

pituitary

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

range of reaction