Psych 167 - Ch. 11-19 Quizzes

When behavioral activation begins, an important question for the clinical psychologist to ask the client is, -"Are there things that you are not doing now that you typically do when you are not depressed?" -"Is there another way of interpreting the events that have happened to you?" -"If the feared event happens, so what?" -"What are your beliefs about the fact that you have been diagnosed with depression?"

"Are there things that you are not doing now that you typically do when you are not depressed?"

_____ is a cognitive technique that focuses on accepting internal psychological experiences, including emotions, thoughts, and sensations. Acceptance and commitment therapy Rational emotive behavior therapy Metacognitive therapy Dialectical behavior therapy

Acceptance and commitment therapy

Which of the following best defines a defense mechanism? -An attempt to say whatever comes to mind, without censorship, no matter how nonsensical, illogical, or inappropriate -A verbal or behavioral "mistake" that, according to psychodynamic psychotherapists, communicates an underlying unconscious wish -The client's unconscious tendency to interact with the therapist as if the therapist were very similar to an important person in the client's personal history -An attempt to manage conflict between the id and superego

An attempt to manage conflict between the id and superego

Which of the following statements about stress and coping is NOT true? -An individual's subjective perception of stress has little impact on his ability to cope. -Researchers propose there may be a disease-prone personality that predisposes people to stress-related illnesses. -Both nature and nurture factors contribute to how well someone is able to cope with stress. -Problem-focused coping emphasizes proactive, constructive attempts to take action about a stressful situation.

An individual's subjective perception of stress has little impact on his ability to cope.

_____ are standardized paper-and-pencil forms that parents, teachers, or other adults complete regarding a child's presenting problems. Behavior rating scales Developmental checklists Genograms Pediatric questionnaires

Behavior rating scales

_____ is a pioneer of the humanistic approach to psychotherapy. Donald Meichenbaum B. F. Skinner Carl Rogers Sigmund Freud

Carl Rogers

Which of the following statements about conducting psychotherapy with child patients is NOT true? The therapeutic alliance must be established with both the child and his or her parents. The therapeutic alliance is just as crucial with children as it is in therapy with adults. Children can often be understood and conceptualized as miniature adults. Adult interventions and techniques should be adjusted for children.

Children can often be understood and conceptualized as miniature adults.

Clarissa dreams she is a platypus flopping about on a never-ending sandy beach while the bright sun slowly bakes her to a crisp. Dr. Siggie, her psychologist, explains that the never-ending beach represents her inability to emotionally escape from an abusive relationship, and the sun represents the abuser. What is the manifest content in this scenario? -The beach representing her inability to escape an abusive relationship -The sun representing an abuser -Clarissa as a platypus flopping about on a beach -Dr. Siggie's nonverbal behaviors while explaining Clarissa's dream

Clarissa as a platypus flopping about on a beach

Which of the following is TRUE regarding cognitive psychotherapy? -Relative to psychodynamic therapy, cognitive therapy's typical treatment length is 10-15 sessions longer. -Cognitive therapy is typically more costly than psychoanalytic treatment. -Compared to behavioral psychotherapy, cognitive psychotherapy deemphasizes internal, mental processes. -Cognitive psychotherapy is typically more structured and less spontaneous than humanistic psychotherapy.

Cognitive psychotherapy is typically more structured and less spontaneous than humanistic psychotherapy.

_____, according to psychodynamic psychotherapists, is the therapist's unconscious tendency to interact with clients as if the client is very similar to an individual from the therapist's own personal history. Transference Counterfixation Countertransference Fixation

Countertransference

Dr. James "forgets" to unlock the front door to his office on a Saturday when his only patient is Millie, a loud, disagreeable woman who often yells during therapy sessions. According to the psychodynamic school of thought, Dr. James has committed a _____. free association Freudian slip dream work manifest content

Freudian slip

_____ was founded by Fritz Perls and it emphasizes a holistic approach to enhancing the client's experience. Existential therapy Psychoanalysis Motivational interviewing Gestalt therapy

Gestalt therapy

Which of the following statements about group therapy is TRUE? Group members should be discouraged from extra-group socializing. Extra-group socializing is encouraged by most group therapists. Group members may be asked to role-play as "mothers" and "fathers," a technique called recapitulation of the family group. Cotherapists must have the same therapy orientation in order to be effective.

Group members should be discouraged from extra-group socializing.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic functions of play therapy identified by Brems (2008)? The formation of important relationships Imitative relearning Healing Disclosure of feelings and thoughts

Imitative relearning

Which of the following statements about the rights of patients who are involuntarily committed is TRUE? -Until a ruling by a U.S. Appellate Court in 2007, lobotomies were performed on patients housed in most psychiatric facilities. -In 1975, the Supreme Court ruled that duly licensed psychiatrists can involuntarily commit an individual for up to two years. -In 1982's Youngberg v. Romeo, the Supreme Court expanded the rights of involuntarily committed patients to include freedom from unreasonable bodily restraints. -An involuntarily committed patient's right to refuse medication cannot be overridden in any circumstances.

In 1982's Youngberg v. Romeo, the Supreme Court expanded the rights of involuntarily committed patients to include freedom from unreasonable bodily restraints.

_____, an issue that can arise in forensic psychology, occurs when the person being evaluated exaggerates or "fakes" symptoms in order to achieve some external benefit. Blindsiding Echopraxia Confabulation Malingering

Malingering

_____ refers to being able to pay attention in the present moment to whatever arises internally or externally, without becoming entangled or wishing things were otherwise. Personalization All-or-nothing thinking Mindfulness Commitment thinking

Mindfulness

Which of the following therapies has accumulated the most empirical evidence for its efficacy in recent decades based on humanistic principles? Gestalt therapy Existential therapy Motivational interviewing Psychoanalysis

Motivational interviewing

Which of the following lists Freud's psychosexual stages in the correct order? Genital, oral, phallic, anal, latency Anal, oral, phallic, genital, latency Latency, oral, anal, genital, phallic Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Stephen finds the link between emotional stress and physical illness fascinating. In fact, he is a researcher who studies the interactions among behavior, the nervous system, and the immune system. Of the following fields, which is Stephen most likely associated with? Immunology Neurology Psychoneuroimmunology Microbiology

Psychoneuroimmunology

_____ is typically present in systematic desensitization but typically absent from exposure therapy. Creation of an anxiety hierarchy Relaxation training Exposure to anxiety-producing stimuli Reflection

Relaxation training

Consider the developmental stages of therapy groups discussed in the textbook. In a substance abuse group, the members have become comfortable enough to compete with one another and jockey for status within the group. In which developmental stage is this therapy group? Second stage First stage Third stage Fourth stage

Second stage

_____ is a form of therapy with children in which clients learn to "talk themselves through" situations in which their behaviors might be problematic. Self-instructional training Solution-focused therapy Humanistic play therapy Narrative therapy

Self-instructional training

Psychodynamic psychotherapy refers broadly to the approach created by _____ and including all subsequent adaptations or expansions of it. Hans Strupp B. F. Skinner Sigmund Freud Carl Rogers

Sigmund Freud

_____ is currently the single greatest cause of preventable death in the United States. Chronic fatigue Obesity Stress Smoking

Smoking

_____ is a cognitive-behavioral technique for children in which therapists teach kids behaviors that improve their interactions with others. Bravery Bingo Self-talk therapy Applied behavior analysis Social skills training

Social skills training

_____ is the psychological or physiological response to difficult or demanding internal or external circumstances. Stress Hyperactivity Depression Vulnerability

Stress

Which of the following behavior therapy techniques is primarily based on classical conditioning? Token economies Systematic desensitization Shaping Contingency management

Systematic desensitization

According to research discussed in the textbook, which of the following factors does NOT influence children's resilience or vulnerability to psychological problems? Parental factors, including low parent IQ Child factors, including difficult temperament Environmental factors, including poverty Tactile factors, including fine motor skills

Tactile factors, including fine motor skills

Which of the following statements about general adaptation syndrome is TRUE? With prolonged exposure to stress, our bodies eventually wear out and break down. The more specific the stressor, the more unlikely adaptation will occur. The fight-or-flight system works better in response to prolonged, repeated stressors than in response to temporary stressors. Long-term exposure to stress bolsters our immune system.

With prolonged exposure to stress, our bodies eventually wear out and break down.

According to the humanistic approach, psychological health is enhanced by conditional positive self-regard. conditional positive regard. a match between the real self and the ideal self. incongruence.

a match between the real self and the ideal self.

When assessing a child patient, a multisource, multimethod, multisetting approach is recommended. a holistic approach is recommended. a psychodiagnostic approach is recommended. an individual, internal, inclusive approach is recommended.

a multisource, multimethod, multisetting approach is recommended.

According to Carl Rogers, the therapist's _____ determine(s) the success of therapy. skill in applying positive reinforcement mastery of the techniques of interpreting the client's transference ability to reflect the client's emotions attitude toward the client

attitude toward the client

The purpose of _____ is to achieve control over the body via educating patients about bodily processes of which they are typically unaware. Technology is used to convert some physiological functions into sights or sounds the patient can monitor. cognitive psychotherapy the ABCDS system detoxification biofeedback

biofeedback

Dialectical behavior therapy, developed by Marsha Linehan, has significantly focused on the treatment of _____. borderline personality disorder autism spectrum disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder substance abuse disorder

borderline personality disorder

The process whereby a person is involuntarily hospitalized because it is determined that his behavior is likely to represent a threat to his own welfare or the welfare of others is known as _____. proactive restraint actuarial prediction functional evaluation civil commitment

civil commitment

According to behavior therapists, phobias are behavioral manifestations of a disturbance in the unconscious. client behaviors are symptoms of an underlying problem. phobias result from incongruence between the real and ideal selves. client behaviors are the problem.

client behaviors are the problem.

In the stages of change model developed by Norcross, Krebs, and Prochaska (2011), a patient in the _____ stage is aware that a problem exists, considering doing something to address it, but is not ready to commit to any real effort in that direction. action contemplation precontemplation preparation

contemplation

"If you change the consequences of a behavior, the behavior will change." This statement best summarizes the rationale behind _____. systematic desensitization contingency management extinction exposure therapy

contingency management

Dr. Rand, a clinical child psychologist, strives to understand his child patients' behaviors within the context of what can be expected of a child at that particular age. Dr. Rand is using a _____ perspective. bifurcated holistic developmental client-centered

developmental

Dr. Harbinger is studying a new psychotherapy treatment for depression. He carefully screens potential participants to make sure they fit strict diagnostic criteria and randomly assigns them to a treatment or control group. He is most likely conducting a(n) _____ study. effectiveness efficacy efficiency power

efficacy

According to the humanistic approach, it is important for the therapist to communicate _____ to the client, which is described as the ability to sense the client's emotions compassionately and without judgment. conditions of worth genuineness empathy congruence

empathy

A client's family is very, very close. In fact, the degree of emotional closeness they have with each other is so great that no member of the family is particularly independent. They always have to be around each other and do things together. From Minuchin's perspective, this family is demonstrating enmeshment. an undifferentiated ego mass. disengagement. triangulation.

enmeshment.

For the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, _____ is a form of therapy that has received substantial empirical support. exposure and response prevention behavioral consultation motivational interviewing humanistic psychotherapy

exposure and response prevention

The creation of an anxiety hierarchy is a core feature of _____. assertiveness training exposure therapy token economies contingency management

exposure therapy

Some clinical child psychologists divide children's psychological problems into _____ disorders, such as ADHD, and _____ disorders, such as depression. generalized, specific internalizing, externalizing externalizing, internalizing specific, generalized

externalizing, internalizing

The genogram is an assessment technique used most often by _____ therapists. group family humanistic behavioral

family

The diseases that cause the greatest danger for death within today's society include tuberculosis and pneumonia. are HIV and the zika virus. are treatment-resistant sexually transmitted diseases. feature behavioral components.

feature behavioral components.

Compared to psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive psychotherapy tends to derive its roots from ancient dream analysis techniques. require a greater number of sessions. focus on the client's current problems. emphasize the past rather than the present.

focus on the client's current problems.

Although psychological symptoms may appear maladaptive, they are often in fact adaptive within the family environment of the individual. Family therapists refer to this idea as _____. triangulation interpersonal learning functionalism the social microcosm

functionalism

In about half of U.S. states, a defendant can be found _____, a provision intended to provide a middle ground for jurors contemplating whether to assign criminal responsibility (and punishment) to defendants whose mental status is in question. guilty but mentally ill not guilty by reason of insanity unknowably guilty partially insane

guilty but mentally ill

According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the humanistic orientation to psychotherapy -has decreased in popularity from the late 1980s to present. -has steadily increased in popularity through the 2010s. -was the most commonly endorsed orientation in the 1990s. -was the most commonly endorsed orientation in the 1970s.

has decreased in popularity from the late 1980s to present.

Third-wave therapies include acceptance and remission therapy and metabehavioral therapy. promote the religion of Buddhism. have little empirical support. have mindfulness as a core component of their treatment approach.

have mindfulness as a core component of their treatment approach.

According to psychodynamic theory, the _____ is the part of the mind that generates all pleasure-seeking, selfish, indulgent, animalistic impulses. id alterego ego superego

id

According to the cognitive approach to psychotherapy, psychological problems arise from -fixations at particular developmental stages in childhood. -incongruence between the real self and the ideal self. -illogical thoughts or interpretations of events in our lives. -classical or operant conditioning.

illogical thoughts or interpretations of events in our lives.

According to the humanistic approach, _____ is the root of psychopathology. incongruence negative self-regard fixation reflection

incongruence

A recent survey of clinical psychologists (Norcross & Karpiak, 2012) found that the format of psychotherapy that was practiced by the highest percentage of clinical psychologists was _____. marital/couples individual family group

individual

Regarding the prediction of dangerousness, it is generally TRUE that -individuals with more social support are more likely to be dangerous than individuals with less social support. -past drug and alcohol abuse are relatively unimportant factors in predicting future dangerousness. -individuals with more extensive arrest records are more likely to be dangerous than individuals with less extensive arrest records. -clinical prediction methods are more accurate than statistical prediction methods.

individuals with more extensive arrest records are more likely to be dangerous than individuals with less extensive arrest records.

A(n) _____ approach to psychotherapy involves blending techniques in order to create an entirely new, hybrid form of therapy. behavioral eclectic integrative psychodynamic

integrative

Most group therapies strongly emphasize _____, taking advantage of the fact that the group therapy experience is based on interacting with other people. conflict resolution unconscious mental processes identification of nonverbals interpersonal interaction

interpersonal interaction

Compared to long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, brief psychodynamic psychotherapy -typically requires at least 24 sessions. -focuses more on the past than the present. -is better suited for clients with severe (rather than mild) pathology. -involves a more narrow focus on specific clinical problems.

involves a more narrow focus on specific clinical problems.

Which of the following statements is NOT true? When conducting a forensic evaluation, -the person being assessed may not be entitled to see the results of the assessment. -psychologists should make clear the limits of confidentiality. -it is permissible to disclose test results to the public if the assessed individual works for a national organization, such as the National Football League. -test data and results may become public, such as in the case of Mike Tyson.

it is permissible to disclose test results to the public if the assessed individual works for a national organization, such as the National Football League.

The primary goal of cognitive psychotherapy is logical thinking. to make the unconscious conscious. observable behavior change via contingency management. self-actualization.

logical thinking.

Clinical psychologists conducting assessments in forensic settings -may be asked to assess for child custody, personal injury lawsuits, and workers' compensation hearings. -should build rapport by assuring the person being assessed that no information collected during the assessment can be used against him. -are rarely asked to determine the mental status of a defendant pleading not guilty by reason of insanity. -must provide copies of the assessment report to the person being assessed, as well as any agency paying for the evaluation.

may be asked to assess for child custody, personal injury lawsuits, and workers' compensation hearings.

Using solution-focused therapy terms, the question "If your problem disappeared, how would your life be different?" is an example of a(n) _____ question. scaling exception narrative miracle

miracle

The main goal of behavior therapy is self-actualization. an increase in logical, rational thought. observable behavior change. to make the unconscious conscious.

observable behavior change.

Fitness-for-duty evaluations are most typically conducted by clinical psychologists -on current police officers who are being considered for promotion to a higher rank. -on current police officers who have experienced a traumatic incident or who are struggling with a psychological disorder. -on current police officers whose weight has significantly increased in recent months. -on applicants to the police force who are seriously being considered for employment.

on current police officers who have experienced a traumatic incident or who are struggling with a psychological disorder.

Therapy groups may either be ____, allowing individual members to enter or leave at any time, or _____, requiring members to enter and finish therapy together. open-enrollment, closed-enrollment closed-enrollment, open-enrollment static-enrollment, fluid-enrollment fluid-enrollment, static-enrollment

open-enrollment, closed-enrollment

When Lisa needs healthcare services, she goes to a facility where she has a personal primary-care physician who is responsible for arranging her care with all other professionals housed in the same complex. Depending on her needs, her primary-care physician sends her to a chiropractor, occupational therapist, clinical psychologist, etc. Lisa receives her care from a(n) private practice cooperative. state-run clinic. HMO. patient-centered medical home.

patient-centered medical home.

Natalie is depressed about a recent breakup with her boyfriend. She believes that the breakup is entirely her fault, and that if she had done things differently, she would not be alone now. This belief best exemplifies the cognitive thought distortion known as _____. personalization all-or-nothing thinking mental filtering catastrophizing

personalization

Which of the following statements is NOT true? Forensic psychology training opportunities include joint degree programs in law (JD) and psychology (PhD or PsyD). specialized forensic tracks in doctoral programs. elective forensic courses in doctoral programs. predoctoral, but not postdoctoral, internships that feature forensic training.

predoctoral, but not postdoctoral, internships that feature forensic training.

An approach to psychotherapy in which specific therapy techniques are viewed as the treatment of choice for specific disorders is best described as the _____ approach. relationship-based prescriptive behavioral common-factors

prescriptive

Clinical child psychologists who practice _____ believe that a child's play communicates important unconscious processes occurring within the child's mind. psychodynamic play therapy humanistic play therapy self-instructional training parent training

psychodynamic play therapy

The most common professional activity of clinical psychologists is _____. intelligence testing teaching personality assessment psychotherapy

psychotherapy

Chiles et al. (1999) conducted a review of over 90 studies of the effect of psychotherapy on medical costs and found that, in comparison to clients receiving no psychotherapy, clients receiving psychotherapy spent more days in the hospital. had higher medical costs. required more time to recovery from surgery. reduced their need for emergency room visits.

reduced their need for emergency room visits.

When clients sense that certain unconscious thoughts and feelings are being laid bare too extensively or too quickly, they create distractions or obstacles that impede the exploration of those thoughts and feelings. This is known as _____. resistance defensiveness transference displacement

resistance

Humanistic psychotherapists believe that individuals are born with a tendency toward healthy growth. The term that best describes this tendency is _____. self-actualization unconditional positive regard insight transference

self-actualization

Of all defense mechanisms, _____ is typically considered to be the most mature or healthy by psychodynamic psychotherapists. repression displacement sublimation reaction formation

sublimation

Sometimes, clients will argue in favor of continuing with the problem behavior rather than stopping or replacing it. According to the motivational interview approach to therapy, this client behavior is labeled _____. developing the discrepancy changing talk sustaining talk rolling with resistance

sustaining talk

Sherrie is diagnosed with depression. She believes she is unlovable, cries several hours per day, consumes less calories, and thinks her symptoms will never end. In treatment, a behavior therapist is most likely to target -Sherrie's emotional sadness. -Sherrie's thought that her symptoms will never end. -the number of calories Sherrie consumes and her belief that she is unlovable. -the amount of time Sherrie cries each day.

the amount of time Sherrie cries each day.

Behavioral activation is based on the simple idea that depressed people think illogically. the brains of depressed people are chemically imbalanced. depressed people lack social skills. the day-to-day lives of depressed people lack positive reinforcement.

the day-to-day lives of depressed people lack positive reinforcement.

The Menendez family includes two parents and their son and daughter. The parents take their son to a clinical psychologist because "he is the cause of all problems in our family. If you fix him, everything will be great in our household." If the psychologist takes a family therapy approach to treatment, she will consider the possibility that the son is diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. the identified patient. not the parent's biological child. struggling with a mental health disorder.

the identified patient.

In group therapy, the term social microcosm refers to the idea that -the problems of most group members stem from antisocial tendencies, the exploration of which requires recollections of key early childhood events. -group members often establish friendships and romantic relationships outside of the therapy setting. -the relationship tendencies that characterize clients' problematic relationships in their personal lives will also characterize the relationships they form with fellow group members. -group members often have isolated lives and have allowed their social contacts to become infrequent, and these tendencies contribute to their psychological problems.

the relationship tendencies that characterize clients' problematic relationships in their personal lives will also characterize the relationships they form with fellow group members.

Psychotherapy outcome researchers have proposed that _____, the nature of the relationship between client and psychotherapist, is a common factor across diverse forms of psychotherapy. hope collaboration therapeutic alliance positive expectations

therapeutic alliance

Recalling the plant metaphor from the textbook, a sun shining sunlight on all angles of a plant is analogous to unconditional positive regard. the real self. the ideal self. conditions of worth.

unconditional positive regard.

Cognitive therapists -believe that psychopathology results directly from the things that happen to us. -acknowledge the usefulness of the psychoanalytic technique of word association. -attempt to "read" patients' thoughts by observing nonverbal behaviors. -use the terms thoughts, beliefs, and assumptions to refer to cognitions.

use the terms thoughts, beliefs, and assumptions to refer to cognitions.

Health psychologists can help patients cope with medical procedures by -using cognitive-behavioral interventions to help the patient preemptively catastrophize possible negative outcomes. -using relaxation training and cognitive techniques to help the patient think differently about the unpleasantness of the situation. -maximizing child patients' separation anxiety so they quickly reattach to their parents following surgery. -distracting the patient from learning about the medical procedure.

using relaxation training and cognitive techniques to help the patient think differently about the unpleasantness of the situation.

According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the most commonly endorsed psychotherapy orientation -has consistently been the psychodynamic orientation. -has consistently been the behavioral orientation. -was the eclectic/integrative orientation until 2010, when the cognitive orientation was most commonly endorsed. -was the psychodynamic orientation until the 1980s, and has been the behavioral orientation since that time.

was the eclectic/integrative orientation until 2010, when the cognitive orientation was most commonly endorsed.

Rolland experiences negative symptoms, including headaches and irritability, when he does not consume alcohol. A health psychologist evaluating Rolland would describe this symptom as _____. abuse withdrawal dependence tolerance

withdrawal

Forensic psychology is best defined as the application of psychological methods and principles within the legal system. in a private law firm. to issues related to physical health. in an inpatient setting.

within the legal system.