Psych 1B, Chapter 2;
Charlotte is studying subliminal messages and weight loss. she is curious whether people will lose more weight if they hear subliminal messages that encourage weight loss ("don't eat that food," "you want to be thin") in the music on their iPods compared to people who do not have subliminal messages in their music. she studies 40 people and finds the following: A CHANGE TO WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CELLS WILL RESULT IN A DIFFERENT INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS OF SUBLIMINAL MESSAGES?
A change in any cell will result in a different interpretation
Ellie is looking for a summary of research on the effects of childhood abuse on adult functioning. which of the following scientific sources would NOT be an ideal source?
An empirical journal article
In a developmental psychology class, Trina leaped about Baumarind's (1971,1991) work on parenting styles. she recognized that her parents used an authoritarian style fo parenting, as did all her relatives. since that was the style of parenting she planned to use, she researched the advantages to that style, while ignoring any studies that support the use of another parenting style. what is the term for what she is doing?
Cherry-Picking the evidence
Lana is writing her first empirical journal article. although she thinks she knows why she found the results she did, she also wants to mention some alternative explanations for her finding. in which section will she mention these alternative explanations?
Discussion
as part of an assignment for his intro to psych class, Gilbert has to read a journal article, summarize, and compare it to what is reported in his textbook. Gilbert selects the article Effects of Sever Daily Events on Moond, Stone Neale (1984). If Gilbert wanted to read about the study's contributions and significance, he should look at which section of the article?
Discussion
which of the following is a limitation of google scholar compared to psychINFO
Google scholar is not limited to just psychology and related fields.
James is asked about what is the best way to study for an exam. he responds that the best way to studying is by making a flash card. he easily thinks of all the times he used flash cars and he made As. However, he fails to take into consideration all of the times he made As and did not use flash cards and the times he used flash cards and did not do well. his fault thinking is an example of
Present/present bias
which of the following sources is most likely to contain only information that has been rigorously peer-reviewed?
Review journal articles
Charlotte is studying subliminal messages and weight loss. she is curious whether people will lose more weight if they hear subliminal messages that encourage weight loss ("don't eat that food," "you want to be thin") in the music on their iPods compared to people who do not have subliminal messages in their music. she studies 40 people and finds the following: TO UNDERSTAND WHETHER THE SUBLIMINAL MESSAGES HAVE AN EFFECT, CHARLOTTE NEEDS TO CONSIDER ALL OF THE FOLLOWING CELLS IN THE CHARCT ABOVE EXCEPT:
She must consider all of the cells.
Hannah just finished reading an empirical journal article for a class project. what information might she get out of reading the references section of her article?
The name of an article that researched a similar topic
Vanessa claims that she sleeps better when she falls asleep to music. she has a comparison group because she has noticed that she does not listen to music every night, only when she remembers to plug in her iPod. she typically remembers to plug in her iPod on nights when she is able to finish studying earlier. what problem do you see in Vanessa's reasoning about sleeping better to music?
Vanessa may be sleeping better because she is less distracted by studying/going to bed sooner
... by Cartwright-Hatton and his colleagues (2010) summaries 10 studies of the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) as a treatment for anxiety disorder of childhood and adolescence
a Review journal article
What is the problem with being swayed by a good story?
a good story may not be supported by data
Diego is int4ested in examining the relationship between a person attachment style. and his or her relationship satisfaction. he finds 65 studies that have examined this topic. he combines the results of all these studies and calculates an effect size. his research is most accurately described as
a meta-analysis
an alternative to an explanation for an outcome is known a/an
alternative
The two bases of intuition discussed in the text are
being swayed by a good story and being persuaded by what comes easily to mind
After reading the chapter, Cyril says to himself, "I am sure other people might engage in fault thinking but I never would". what is Cyril experiencing?
bias blind spot
A psychiatrist is testing a drug that reads depression. he has given the drug to all his patients and all of them have experienced a decrease in depressive symptoms. although this is interesting, his experience is limited because he does not have a?
comparison group that did not receive the drug
what does is mean to say that research is probabilistic?
conclusions are meant to explain a certain proportion of possible cases
which of the following is the term used in psychology to describe a person who is an actor playing a specific role as part of an experiment?
confederate
Asking questions to get the answers we want is known as
confirmatory hypothesis testing
of the options listed below, which of the following is the last section of an empirical journal article?
discussion
you and your friend go to see a speaker on campus, Dr. Darian, an "expert" on getting into graduate school. which of the following should make you less skeptical about his advice?
his recommendations are based on research he conducted for his dissertation
what does it mean that behavioral research is probabilistic?
inference down from behavioral research are not expected to explain all cases.
Which of the following is NOT a reason why basing one's conclusions on research is superior to basing one's conclusion on intuition?
intuition is always wrong.
which of the following is a benefit to using a wiki to conduct psychological research?
it can be corrected quickly
Dr. Friedman suspects that women who work outside of the home might be frustrated with the balance of responsibilities in their household. She devises a survey to give to married women employed outside the home that includes the question "Does your spouse bother to help you around the house?" What is the problem with Dr. Friedman's approach?
it is an example of confirmatory hypothesis testing
Compared with doing a generic internet search, why is PsycINFO a superior way to find scientific sources?
it searches only sources in psychology and related fields.
Hannah just finished reading an empirical journal article for a class project. where should she go if she wants to look for a list of the study's hypotheses or research questions?
last paragraph of the introduction
Which of the following is a quantitative technique used in some review articles that combines the results of many studies and gives a number that the magnitude of a relationship?
meta-analysis
Mathew is reading an empirical journal article and wants to know whether the authors used the Big Five Inventory (BFI-44) or the NEO-PI to measure extraversion. in which section would he find this information?
method
which of the following is NOT a section or subsection commonly found in an empirical journal article?
outcomes
which of the following is NOT a format in which psychological scientists typically publish their research?
popular magazine articles
A psychological scientists may choose to publish their work in all of the following EXCEPT:
popular magazines
which of the following is true of the distinction between scientific journals and popular magazines?
scientific journal articles are peer-reviewed; popular magazines articles are not
Javier wants his lab partner to tell him if he thinks the article he found for their project is appropriate. Rather than have him read the article, which two parts of the paper could Javier have his lab partner read to get a summary of the article?
the abstract and the first paragraph of the discussion
After two students from his school commit suffice, Marcelino thinks that the most likely cause of death in teenagers is suicide. what type of bias is affecting his thinking?
the availability heuristic
Edward believes that there are a lot of differences between men and women on a variety of different dimensions. He believes this because when he thinks about books that have been written on men and women, he can recall only books that say men and women are different (e.g., Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus) and cannot recall any that say men and women are the same. His reliance on what comes to mind is an example of which of the following?
the availability heuristic
The idea that things that easily come to mind tend to guide our thinking is known as which of the following?
the availability heuristic
looking for which of the following in a trade book will give you a hint as to its scientific rigor?
the number of references
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of an edited book?
the peer-reviewed process for edited books is more rigors than for that of a journal
A school district decides to compare a new math textbook to the textbook that has been in use for the past few years. each of the fourth graders in one school is assigned to be in two classes, one in which a teacher continues using the old textbook and another in which a new teacher uses the new book. the school administrators compare the average scores of the two classes on a mathematics standardized rest at the end of the year to determine which book is better. which of the following is a potential confound in this study?
the teachers have different amounts of experience using the books.
Which of the following is NOT a reason to be skeptical of authority?
they have conducted scientific research on the topic.
Research studies are superior to personal experience becasue
they include at least one comparison group
Which of the following is a reason to trust the advice of authorities?
they systemically and objectively compare different conditions.
The problem with the availability heuristic is which of the following?
we do not examine all of the evidence, only what we can quickly think of.
When reading an empirical journal article "with purpose", which two questions should you ask yourself as you read?
what is the argument? and what is the evidence to support the argument?