Psych 2000 Chapter 9 Quiz

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

schemata

A ________ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage.

teratogen

Stage theories hold that the sequence of development is ________.

universal

Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?

Erik Erikson

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

assimilation

Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger—she doesn't care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this?

avoidant

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

environment and culture

Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions.

formal operational

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

genes and biology

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

identity vs. confusion

The concept conservation refers to ________.

knowing that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added

According to attachment theory, which of the following is not needed for healthy attachment?

Caregiver must be responsive to a child's food preferences.

________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.

attachment

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs. despair

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

sensorimotor

Which of the following illustrates conservation?

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The zygote is a structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord.

The word "zygote" should be changed to the word "placenta."

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

cognitive

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

discontinuous