PSYCH 201 - Heim - Chapter quiz review

The personality disorder that is most often associated with criminal behavior is the:

antisocial personality disorder.

The view that modern researchers hold about clitoral orgasms is that they are:

as healthy as vaginal orgasms.

A common symptom of paranoid schizophrenia is:

auditory hallucinations

The most common type of hallucination in schizophrenia is:

auditory.

"I'm no fool, no sirree! I'm gonna live to be 103..." sang the Disney character Jiminy Cricket decades ago. If Jiminy Cricket had been a human (most crickets live only a few weeks), what's the BEST advice you could have given him to live a very long life?

"Accept life's challenges with optimism, have good health habits, and inherit 'longevity' genes."

A friend says, "My 70-year-old grandmother is in good physical health, but has been diagnosed with depression. Should my grandmother even bother getting therapy? She is pretty old, after all." Your best research-based answer is:

"Yes, over half of elderly patients show improvement with treatment."

The most feared psychological problem among the elderly is:

Alzheimer's

What is the critical way in which death initiators differ from other categories, according to Shneidman?

They believe they are merely speeding up an ongoing process

A person who has injected a narcotic feels relaxed, happy, and unconcerned about food, sex, or other bodily needs. This person is experiencing what is known as:

a high.

A person with schizophrenia demonstrates poverty of speech, and experiences auditory hallucinations. According to the "Type I-Type II" evaluation categorization, this person would be:

a mix of Type I and Type II

Every time Miguel had a headache, his mother let him miss school. Now, as an adult, his headaches have become more frequent. His head pounds any time he is required to do something he would rather not. This is a ______ explanation of conversion symptoms.

behavioral

For people with bulimia nervosa, binge episodes produce feelings of:

guilt and depression.

Women are more likely to be orgasmic when they have:

had a relatively long relationship with one's first sex partner.

In the United States, the number of diagnosed cases per year of dissociative identity disorder:

has increased.

Psychosis means:

loss of contact with reality

A particular problem often found more prominently in the elderly that is related to substance abuse is:

misuse of prescription drugs.

When a rash of suicides occurs in the aftermath of a celebrity's suicide or a case that has been highly publicized by the media, behavioral theorists believe it is attributable to:

modeling.

Research with those experiencing auditory hallucinations has demonstrated all of the following except:

movement of the oval window of the cochlea.

The currently accepted view of eating disorders is that its cause is:

multidimensional.

As a result of taking antidepressant drugs, a person is experiencing neurogenesis in the hippocampus. This is:

normal, and is one indication of successful treatment.

The drug which, when misused, would most quickly result in dependence or addiction would be:

opium

A child is openly hostile toward her parents. She argues with them constantly and will not do anything they say. They cannot control her. The diagnosis she is most likely to receive is:

oppositional defiant disorder.

The inability to move the limbs in catatonic schizophrenia illustrates ______ symptoms of schizophrenia.

psychomotor

A therapist treating an individual with a somatoform disorder works to reduce pleasurable outcomes associated with being sick, while increasing pleasurable outcomes associated with being well. This technique is called:

reinforcement.

Of the following alternatives, the MOST commonly-used form of treatment for a substance abuse disorder is:

self-help groups

From what does premature ejaculation usually result, psychologically speaking?

sexual inexperience

Arnold cannot enjoy sexual intercourse unless he is tied up by his partner and beaten. His behavior is typical of:

sexual masochism.

The event which is very likely to result in sexual aversion or hypoactive sexual desire is:

sexual molestation

Which of the following would be a physical symptom of depression?

sleeping poorly

A person's "weight set point" is:

their body's natural weight.

The term comorbidity means that:

two disorders may occur together in an individual.

The most common form of mood disorder is:

unipolar depression.

What is the most common biological cause of erectile failure in men?

vascular problems

A therapist turns on a buzzer when a client speaks slowly and laboriously. She turns it off when the client speaks more rapidly. In other cases the therapist instructs the client's spouse to ignore his mate when she complains or acts in a self-deprecating manner. This is an example of:

behavioral therapy.

A person who loses weight by forcing herself to vomit after meals or by using laxatives, and who otherwise fits the definition of anorexia is experiencing:

binge-eating/purging anorexia nervosa.

Which category of personality disorder contains the disorders MOST commonly diagnosed?

"dramatic"

The most frequent cause of irreversible dementia in the elderly is:

Alzheimer's disease.

What is the most common outcome of gender identity disorder in childhood?

It disappears with no effects.

Which of the following is not true about obesity?

It is a mental disorder.

Which of the following is true about the research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in treating unipolar depression?

It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50-60% of the cases.

In the United States, most teenagers have cell phones and text. Which of the following MOST accurately describes adult usage?

Most have cell phones, and most of them text.

Many teenagers go on occasional eating binges. Which of the following is true?

Most people who engage in the behavior are not bulimic.

Sarah brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that Sarah caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, to bring her to a doctor's attention. If this assessment is true, Sarah would be diagnosed as having:

Munchausen syndrome by proxy.

Pat and Jody each have 5 screwdrivers (OJ and vodka). Pat gets very drunk. Jody does not. Which of the following is most likely to be true?

Pat is a woman, Jody is a man.

The person associated with the learned helplessness theory of depression is:

Seligman.

A person with dissociative identity disorder has just experienced "switching." Which of the following most likely has happened?

The person has changed from one subpersonality to another.

What is a common reason for the hospitalization of people with borderline personality disorder?

They may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves.

A recent study of erectile disorder showed that most cases of erectile disorder are caused by:

a combination of psychosocial and physical causes.

Jenny simply cannot get up in the morning without her uppers, those little amphetamine pills her friend gave her. She feels she must take them every day. She has:

a substance-dependence disorder.

Which of the following problems is common in anorexia nervosa?

amenorrhea

Lola's physician prescribed diet pills. Which of the following drugs are they most likely to have contained?

amphetamines

A visual image that is retained so vividly that one can continue to scan it for more information is called:

an eidetic image.

Which of the following is the best example of alexithymia?

an inability to describe one's feelings accurately

A young woman has become very afraid of being overweight. She has recently reduced her food intake although she feels hungry all the time. As a result, her weight has dropped sharply below average, but she still believes that she is overweight. She is most likely experiencing:

anorexia nervosa.

Sarah respects none of society's boundaries and is insensitive to other people, frequently violating their rights. She does not consider the consequences of her actions. She experiences:

antisocial personality disorder.

Most people with bulimia nervosa ______ compared to people with anorexia nervosa.

are of more normal weight

The viral explanation for schizophrenia suggests that brain abnormalities, and therefore schizophrenia, result from viral exposure:

before birth.

"Drug dependence may develop because one finds drug use rewarding when it reduces tension." Which view of substance abuse would applaud this statement most enthusiastically?

behavioral

A decrease in social rewards—especially a decrease in social support, such as the support found in a happy marriage—may precede the onset of depression, providing evidence for which theoretical perspectives?

behavioral and sociocultural

A recently divorced individual who swears off dating for fear of experiencing another failed relationship has an increased risk of developing a depressive disorder, providing direct support for which theoretical explanation of depression?

behavioral and sociocultural

Martin was certain that his chin was too big and was misshapen. He was very anxious in public and tried to work at home whenever possible. His condition could best be diagnosed as:

body dysmorphic disorder.

People who become preoccupied with some imagined or exaggerated defect in their appearance suffer from a:

body dysmorphic disorder.

The first step in treating people with dissociative identity disorder is to:

bond with the primary personality

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is more common in ______ than ______.

boys; girls

The disorder that is characterized by eating binges followed by forced vomiting is called:

bulimia nervosa.

The stimulant used by more people in the world than any other is:

caffeine.

Parents who feed their children when they are anxious and comfort them when they are tired (rather than giving them a nap) run the risk of producing children who:

can't assess their own needs

Recent studies show that autistic children are more likely than other children to have abnormalities in which section of the brain?

cerebellum

A 35-year-old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right arm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. She appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms may be psychological. The diagnosis would be:

conversion disorder

A clouding of consciousness that develops over a short period of time and can often be reversed if its underlying cause can be found is called:

delirium.

A person who has an excessive need to be taken care of and is clingy is most likely to qualify for a diagnosis of:

dependent personality disorder.

Sexual aversion is considered a disorder of which phase of the human sexual response cycle?

desire

The prognosis for recovery from bulimia nervosa is worse as a function of:

development of a pattern of frequent vomiting.

Joey has been wetting his bed since he was a baby. He is 10 years old now. As a result, he will not stay over at his friend's house or go to camp. His condition is called:

enuresis

Munchausen syndrome is a ______ disorder.

factitious

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can damage the developing embryo and fetus, resulting in:

fetal alcohol syndrome.

What is the term for the use of and attraction to inanimate objects as a preferred method of achieving sexual excitement?

fetishism

When talking with a potential suicidal individual on a suicide hot line, the final step for the counselor is to:

formulate a plan.

In a very crowded department store during the Christmas rush, a woman suddenly feels a stranger rubbing his genital area against her thigh. He continues until the crowd begins to break up, then moves away. The most likely diagnosis for this man is:

frotteurism.

When Janice drinks her milk, she is sure from the taste that someone put salt in it. Janice is most likely experiencing a(n) ______ hallucination.

gustatory

The hallucinations and distortions of perception some drugs produce are called:

hallucinosis.

The first step in treating anorexia nervosa is to:

help the person to start to regain the lost weight

The data from studies of the biological and adoptive parents of children who receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia as adults show that the concordance rate of schizophrenia with biological relatives is:

higher than with adoptive relatives.

"Beatlemania" gripped the United States in the 1960s when the British rock group The Beatles performed; adoring fans screamed, sometimes fainted, and shouted exaggerated, emotional praise at the group. These behaviors most closely resemble the characteristics of which personality disorder?

histrionic

What treatment approach is often used in cases of dissociative amnesia and fugue?

hypnotherapy

The part of the brain most closely associated with the control of eating and body weight is the:

hypothalamus.

Melanie has taken a lot of the drug that she was offered and in spite of being obviously uncoordinated and under the influence she wants to drive her car. Her condition is an example of:

intoxication.

A paraphilia:

is a response to a socially inappropriate object.

Cognitive theorists believe that because of their difficulty scanning the environment, perceiving accurately, and picking up emotional cues, those with schizoid personalities develop ______ very slowly.

language and motor skills

Which of the following does not make one at higher risk for suicide?

learning about suicide in abnormal psychology.

A man who has never been able to achieve or maintain an erection for sexual intercourse would most likely be diagnosed with what type of erectile disorder?

lifelong

Which of the following is a sociocultural cause for male erectile disorder?

loss of a job

Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomic classes. However, it is more likely to be found in someone from a ______ background.

lower level

A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which people have an exaggerated belief in their power describes:

mania.

Those who used marijuana in the 1960s were less likely to develop drug dependence than users around the year 2000 because marijuana available in the 1960s had:

much less THC

The idea that both partners share the accountability for sexual dysfunction is known as:

mutual responsibility.

Ty is fairly handsome, but not as handsome as he thinks he is. He doesn't give a hoot about anyone but himself and is sure that everyone around him feels the same way. He is most likely experiencing:

narcissistic personality disorder.

"I am the greatest!" a famous boxer declared loudly and often. Had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the most appropriate personality disorder diagnosis would be:

narcissistic.

The personality disorder that is characterized as undying love and admiration for oneself is:

narcissistic.

A group of diagnostic clinicians can't agree with each other on appropriate personality disorder diagnoses for several clients. In fact, it is obvious that, in many cases, they have inaccurately made their diagnoses. Assuming they are competent clinicians, this situation would indicate the DSM-IV-TR categories for personality disorder are:

neither reliable nor valid.

"I like to read books. I read a book about a gilzbok... but they have nothing to interest me... it is just amudence all over again." This type of talk illustrates:

neologisms.

Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed on the basis of:

neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques evident at autopsy.

Research suggests that people continue to use tobacco despite its health risks because:

nicotine is so addictive.

If a person has smaller-than-normal ventricles in the brain and normal-sized temporal lobes, the probability that the person will be diagnosed with schizophrenia is

no higher than average since neither smaller-than-normal ventricles in the brain nor normal-sized temporal lobes are more common in those with schizophrenia than in others.

People suffering from anorexia nervosa tend to:

overestimate their body size.

A person who becomes sexually aroused in the presence of stimuli most people in that person's society would not think appropriate is experiencing:

paraphilia.

One of the features of Alcoholics Anonymous is:

peer support

The consistencies of one's personality are called:

personality traits.

The enduring pattern of inner experiences and outward behavior that is unique to each individual is termed:

personality.

Intoxication is actually a form of:

poisoning.

Conduct disorder has most often been associated with:

poor parent-child relationships

Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all the walls. She also hears gentle music (that is not there). The presence of these behaviors illustrates ______ symptoms of schizophrenia.

positive

Hormonal changes, life demands, and body of dissatisfaction are all reasons to explain why:

postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal boys.

A person with conversion blindness, paralysis, or loss of feeling may also be said to be displaying:

pseudoneurological symptom.

"It is clear that very demanding parents caused this person to develop paranoid personality disorder." This quote most likely would come from one with which theoretical position?

psychodynamic

The absence of parental love results in emotional detachment and the use of power to form relationships. This is most like a ______ explanation of the development of antisocial personality disorder.

psychodynamic

The fact that those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder often were neglected, rejected, or sexually abused as children is best predicted by which view?

psychodynamic

The theorist who describes the schizoid personality disorder as arising from coping with parental rejection by avoiding relationships represents the ______ theoretical orientation.

psychodynamic

Free association, interpretation of associations, and dream interpretation are all techniques used primarily by:

psychodynamic therapists.

In their attempts to explain schizophrenia, most modern psychodynamic theorists:

reject the views of both Freud and Fromm-Reichmann.

In his definition of suicide, Schneidman includes all of the following factors except that it:

results from depression or emotional distress.

Personality disorders are categorized by clusters that include all of the following EXCEPT:

schizophrenic.

If one found that the average weight and size of cheerleaders had declined significantly over the years, and that those who aspired to be cheerleaders had a high level of eating disorders, one would have evidence for ______ causes of eating disorders.

societal

The term "schizophrenia" is derived from the Greek for:

split mind.

Kevin studies his history notes and textbook while he is drinking beer. According to some theorists, Kevin would later do better on his history exam if he also had alcohol in his system while taking the exam. These theorists would be basing their claim on:

state-dependent learning.

The drug Ritalin is classified as a(n):

stimulant.

What is the first type of food usually eliminated from the diet of the developing restricting-type anorexic person?

sweets

Most evidence for the effectiveness of self-help programs comes from:

testimonials from those who have gone through such a program.

Which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in either low, but not high levels?

testosterone

Munchausen syndrome by proxy is most likely to adversely affect the physical well-being of:

the child of the person experiencing it.

Recent research indicates that all of the following brain structures or regions are part of the brain circuit involved in unipolar depression, EXCEPT:

the corpus callosum.

Which of the following is likely to be useful in distinguishing hysterical somatoform disorders from true medical problems?

the failure of a condition to develop as expected

Mendon began by taking one amphetamine a day to control his appetite. After a month or so it did not work as well but two pills did. This is an example of:

tolerance.

A man who is physically masculine but considers himself a woman and would like to live as a woman is:

transgendered.

"Cross-dressing" is another term for:

transvestism.

A person with schizophrenia experiences less frequent emotional outbursts than before, and is beginning to participate somewhat in family get-togethers; however, some symptoms persist. Most likely, this person's diagnosis is:

unorganized type.

What percentage of the world population is estimated to have schizophrenia?

1%

The peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa is:

14-18.

According to the textbook, what percentage of all high school seniors in the United States report that they have used cocaine in the last month?

3%

About how many suicides are committed annually in the United States?

35,000

About what percentage of clients with unipolar depression receive treatment from a mental health professional each year?

50%

Your elderly grandfather is deteriorating. At first he seemed only mildly forgetful, but lately he has had trouble recalling the names of close relatives and cannot remember where he is. He used to be very loving and patient, but now he is very unpleasant at odd moments. This condition is getting worse. He is probably experiencing:

Alzheimer's disease.

The person associated with developing a cognitive theory of depression based on negative and maladaptive thinking was:

Beck.

The percentage of the U.S. population aged 65 and older today is:

about 13%.

Depersonalization disorder is most common among those who are:

adolescents and young adults.

Wes has a drink in the morning upon rising. He has a cocktail with breakfast. He usually sneaks a snort during the morning ("just to get through the day") and then drinks during his lunch. When he gets home after work he goes to a singles bar and immediately has a drink to ease his nerves about approaching the women there. Later, at home, he generally has a small dinner and then sits in front of the TV watching sports and drinking beer (as many as 12 cans). Somehow he manages to get up and go to work the next morning. Wes is displaying:

alcohol abuse

Compared with those diagnosed with schizophrenia in developing countries, those diagnosed with schizophrenia in developed countries are MORE likely to experience all of the following EXCEPT:

complete remission.

Which of the following is a negative effect of cannabis use?

decrease in fertility

Of the following alternatives, the one least likely to contribute to inequities between African Americans and white Americans in receiving long-acting stimulant drug treatment for ADHD is:

differences in drug tolerance.

Alzheimer's is a brain ______ while stroke is a brain ______.

disease; injury

Which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of the identity from another part?

dissociative disorder

One speech problem displayed by many autistic children is that they repeat everything said to them. This is called:

echolalia.

If you could use only one therapeutic technique to treat all sexual disorders, the MOST helpful would be:

educational.`

Childhood disorders for which there are no direct adult counterparts are:

elimination disorders.

Freud believed that hysterical symptoms:

enabled people to avoid unpleasant activities.

Salvador Minuchin describes a family system in which members are overly involved in each other's affairs. It is known as the:

enmeshed family pattern.

Which of the following is not an example of memory recovery techniques used by therapists?

imagining the event

A person with schizophrenia who laughs when told sad news and screams in situations that most people see as warm and tender is experiencing:

inappropriate affect.

A person who displays extreme shyness and insensitivity to others is showing signs of:

interpersonal deficits.

The finding that the highest rates of schizophrenia are found among people who are born during the winter supports which theory of schizophrenia?

viral theory