psych 312 chp 4-7

according to the routine activity theory, what is a major contributing factor to adolescent delinquency?

a lack of structured leisure activities

A group against which an individual compares himself or herself is called

a reference group

what is considered a shared environmental influence for siblings?

family socioeconomic status

older students are more likely to hold ______ jobs than re younger students

formal

what is a finding of social scientists regarding the effects of divorce on adolescents?

it is the process of going through a divorce, not the new family structure that results from one, that most affects the mental health of adolescents

the practice of moving student from one grade to the next, regardless of academic performance is called

social promotion

the extent to which students are psychologically committed to learning and mastering the material rather than simply completing the assigned work is called

student engagement

research has shown that teachers tend to favor high-achieving students by providing extra cues for answers and more positive nonverbal behaviors than for lower-achieving students. such evidence provides support for the notion that teachers expectations may contribute to

the self-fulfilling prophecy

a ______ is an individual who interacts with two or more adolescents who are members of cliques but is not part of a clique

liaison

president george w bush 2002 mandate that all children, regardless of economic circumstance, achieve academic proficiency was called the

no child left behind act

Judy and Jessica hang around with people who are their age. A psychologist would most likely describe these people as:

peers

Dr. Cruz believes she has found a society that is so technologically advanced that children routinely teach adults instead of the other way around. What would anthropologists such as Margaret Mead call this type of society?

prefigurative

the process of grouping individuals within social institutions on the basis of chronological age is called

age grading

when a specific gene has more than one version, these versions are known as

alleles

martin's parents believe that he should accept their rules without question. they are punitive, absolute, and discipline him forcefully. they value obedience and conformity, and never engage in verbal give-and-take. martin's parents are

authoritarian

what kind of family environment most closely resembles the optional classroom environment?

authoritative

what parenting styles is most beneficial for adolescent development?

authoritative

following the end of world war 2, many parents wanted to have children as soon as possible, creating what has come to be called the postwar

baby boom

what is an accurate example of familism?

because tennis practice would conflict with friday night dinners with Nyla's grandparents, she chooses the track team instead

leisure activities are chosen, and as a result, adolescents often report being in a ______ mood during leisure activities than at school

better

______ is when one variable causes another

causation

a small group of peers where more intimate interaction and friendships take place is called a

clique

the local library offers "write your first resume" classes for teens, which are taught by an adult volunteer, and "understand how your phone's camera works" classes for adults, which are taught by teen volunteers. what word would margaret mead use to describe this society?

cofigurative

druggies, jocks, and nerds are example of

crowds

an inherited vulnerability to a particular disorder is called

diathesis

at school, Jamila is perceived as high-status, yet rude and abrupt. a psychologists would say that she

has perceived popularity but not sociometric popularity

adolescents who use aggression deliberately, known as ______, are much more popular than adolescent who use aggression without planning to, known as ______

instrumental aggressive; reactive aggression

an ______ is an individual who has few to no links to others

isolate

secondary education refers to

middle school, junior high school, and high school

the identity changes of adolescence may interact with the ______ to increase family conflict

midlife crisis of adults

parenting styles vary is levels of ______ and ______ toward their children

responsiveness and demandingness

when adolescents are attracted to each other because of initial similarity, it is called

selection

amalia is most likely to be adversely affected by her parents' divorce if...

she blames herself for her parents' problems

the Anytown town council developed a program to curb delinquent behavior among the town's adolescents. the program has an iatrogenic effect, meaning...

the program backfired and delinquent behavior increase

the determinants of sociometric popularity are...

things like social skills, friendliness, and sense of humor

the process of seperating students into different levels of classes within the same school is called

tracking

alternative to public school include the following, except private school charter school homeschooling tutoring

tutoring

Which theory of media's impact emphasizes that adolescents' preferences influence what media they consume?

uses and gratifications approach

When is delinquency most common?

weekday afternoons

according the family system theory, he is most likely to see dramatic changes in family relationships during what event?

when individual family members are changing, such as during adolescence