Psych 330 Mini Exam #5
Which of the following statements about visual processing in the brain is false?
"High level" visual perception and recognition involves only the occipital lobe
Which of the following supports the notion that the hippocampus is important for spatial memory storage?
- London taxi drivers have hippocampal gray matter compared to London Bus drivers - Rodents with hippocampal lesions perform poorer on the radial arm maze compared to rodent with working hippocampi - Place cells in the hippocampus fire in a specific combination when an animal is in a particular location - Place cells in the hippocampus are reactive during sleep after a day of maze learning to promote spatial memory consolidation
How many morphemes does the word neuroscience contain?
2
What happens to songbirds with normal hearing when they are raised in isolation?
They produce songs that are similar to their species-typical prototype, not fully elaborated (they sound a little off)
Diffusion Tensor Imaging shows which of the following? A) The movement of water molecules long axon tracts B)The older bilinguals showe greater white matter connectivity than their age-matched monolingual peers C) Isolated Areas of activation in the brain during cogitive tasks like language comprehension
A & B
Which of the following would most likely to cause Broca's aphasia?
A stroke that damages the left inferior frontal cortex
Which of the following is a necessary step for long term potentiation?
AMPA receptors open in response to glutamate, allowing Na+ to enter the cel The post-synaptic cell is depolarized enough to knock Mg2+ out of the NMDA receptors Ca++ enters the post synpatic cell via the NMDA receptor
During LTP induction __________ receptors open first, which depolarizes the membrane nd allows __________ receptors to open, letting Ca++ into the cell
AMPA; NMDA
A child who learns languages early in life is likely to have which of the following? A) A larger combined receptive vocabulary shared across both of their languages B) Better phonemic discrimination C) Improved executive function D) Increased activation of frontal control networks during language processing
All of the above
Which of the following statements about language networks in the brain is false?
They typically involve only the left hemisphere
During LTP, Ca++ mediated protein cascades can cause which of the following changes to strengthen a synapse? A) Increased release of glutamate in the presynaptic cell B) Increased efficiency of AMPA receptors C) Increased number of AMPA receptors D) Alternation of synpatic strucutre
All of the above
After his brain surgery, patient H.M. was most affected by which of the following?
Anterograde amnesia
Which of the following statements about the relationship between attention and speech perception is False?
Auditory attention is only important for speech perception in a crowded room, like at an ice cream social
Which of the following is not an example of top-down processing
Brighter stimuli are readily detected by the visual system
A stroke patient who shows good language comprehension but produce confluent, halting speech is most likely suffering from
Broca's Aphasia
Which of the following statements about the late phase of long-term potentiation is false? A)Late LTP can cause large-scale structural changes in the number and arrangement of synapses B) The timing of the late phase of LTP matches the timing of long-term memory C) Late LTP requires a brief increase in Ca++ levels D) Late LTP involves changes in gene expression to produce new growth factor proteins E) Late LTP relies on glutamate
C) Late LTP requires a brief increase in Ca++ levels
When you look directly at something, like a big red letter "R", the light reflecting off of it mostly activates
Cones cells in the fovea
Which of the following statements about the sensitive period for categorical phoneme perception if false?
Effects of a specific language development during the sensitive period disappear without continued exposure to that language
Which of the following statements about endogenous vs. exogenous attention is false?
Endogenous attention is bottom up process, while exogenous attention insoles top down control **It's the opposite**
Which of the following statement about categorical perception is true?
Exposure to language-specific phonemes shapes categorical perception within the first year of life
According to Hebb's rule, synapses are strengthened when neighboring neurons
Fire together repeatedly
The video of the young women with Broca's aphasia that we watched in class demonstrates that
This type of aphasia can result in halting, non-fluent speech
Which of the following neural changes are associated with learning?
Generation of new synapses, rearrangement of synaptic input, pruning of inactive synapses, strengthening of single synapse
Why does a god whistle cause a reaction in a dog even though you can't hear it?
Hair cells in the human cochlea are not senstitive to all the same frequencies that activate hair cells in other animals
Although LTP has been discovered in many brain areas, the original LTP studies in rodents focused mainly on the
Hippocampus
Which of the following states about Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is false?
It can be used to show isolated areas of brain activity during a language task
Which of the following statements about the suprachiasmastic nucleus is false ?
It can only control circadian rhythms in the presence of an external light-dark cycle
How does light affect photoreceptors in the retina?
It hyper polarizes them, decreasing glutamate release
Eye-movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy relies on which of the following properties of long-term memory?
Its malleability/ability to change
Which of the following is not an example of non declarative memrory
Knowing the definition of non declarative memory
The Wernicke-Geschwind Model of language localization in the brain states that
Language processing involved an interconnected network of brain areas specialized for language production and comprehension
A child who learns two languages early in life is likely to have which of the following?
Larger combined receptive vocabularies across all of their languages, better phonemic discrimination, improved executive function
The arrangement of excitatory and inhibitory areas in sensory receptive fields is most important for
Localizing sensory input
Which of the following statements about declarative memory is false?
Long-term declarative memories are stored in the hippocampus
Blocking protein cascades in pond slugs lowers their ability to learn associations between stimuli. This is evidence that
Long-term potentiation is an important part of the biological mechanism behind memory formation
What part of patient H.M.'s brain was removed to treat his severe epilepsy?
Medial temporal lobes
How are music and language networks represented in the brain?
Music more strongly activates areas of the right temporal lobe, while language activates analogous areas of the left temporal lobe
Patient H.M.'s performance on the mirror-tracing task demonstrated which of the following
Non-declarative/procedural memories are consolidated in different brain areas than declarative/explicit memories
The delayed non-matching to sample test is a measure of ___________ memory
Objection recognition
Why does LTP induction require repeated stimulation of glutamatergic neurons?
To achieve sufficient depolarization to open NMDA receptors
Signal transduction during sensory processing occurs when
Receptor cells in sensory organs convert external energy into a neural signal
Long-term potentiation of a synapse requires
Repeated, high frequency stimulation
What is the best way to induce LTP in the lab?
Repetitive, high-frequency stimulation of presynaptic neuron
When light enters the eye, what does it activate first?
Rods and cones loaded in the back layer of the retina
Which of the following statements about short-term memory is false?
Short term memory is thought to cause the "Primacy Effect"
Which statement about the biological changes involved in short-term memory is true?
Short-Term memory involves changes in the amount of neurotransmitters released and the sensitivity/number of post-synaptic receptors
A patient with Broca's aphasia is most likely to
Show good language comprehension
How do hair cells in the cochlea perform signal transduction?
Sound vibrations displace stereo cilia to open mechanically gated ion channels, causing depolarization
Which of the following structures does not contain sensory receptor cells?
The Brain
The right primary visual cortex processes information from
The left eye, right eye, left visual field, and the right lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
Broca's aphasia is usually associated with damage to
The left inferior frontal region
Wernicke's Aphasia is usually associated with damage to
The left superior temporal gyrus
What is memory consolidation?
Transfer of information from short term memory to long term memory
Which of the following is not a universal characteristic of human language? Morphemes Syntax Phonemes Verbalization Semantics
Verbalization
A patient who produces seemingly fluent but largely unintelligible speech and has poor comprehension of verbal material is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia.
Wernicke's
Place cells in the hippocampus are most likely to fire during which of the following?
While a rat is sleeping after a day of learning to navigate a maze
Due to principles like sensory adaptation and lateral inhibitions, our sensory systems are specialized to detect
changing or contrasting sensory input
The arcuate fasiculus
connects Wernicke's area, Broca's area, and the inferior parietal lobe
H.M.'s daily improvement on the mirror tracing task demonstrates that
procedural memory does not rely on the medial temporal lobe