PSYCH 340

mental test

James Cattell was the first to use the term __________ in reference to mental abilities and intelligence.

American Counseling Association Foundation (ACAF)

The __________ has supported counselors-in-training by offering monetary awards for essay writing contests.

twelve Step

The __________ model is compatible with the medical model of treatment.

formulate a treatment plan. identify resources to assist the client in coping with the presenting concerns. enlighten diagnostic information. Correct! All of the above

The assessment process helps to

Accreditation

__________ protects public interest, ensures that graduate students have met high standards, and identifies educational programs that meet minimum standards for faculty composition, curriculum, and student services.

Content validity

__________ refers to how well test questions represent the domain being tested.

Autonomy

__________ refers to independence and the ability to make one's own decisions; that is, professional counselors need to refrain from imposing their own values on their clients.

Outpatient

__________ refers to the receipt of counseling services outside of the hospital setting.

Test-retest

__________ reliability measures a test's temporal stability.

Inpatient

__________ treatment is probably most appropriate for a client who expresses the wish to harm herself and has a plan and the means to follow through with self-harm.

projective personality test.

The Rorschach Inkblot Test asks participants to describe what they see in ambiguous pictures of inkblots and is a/an

interpersonal

All of the following are major career counseling theories except __________ theory.

What goes through your head when your spouse ignores you?

Which of the following is an example of an open question?

Passion divisions

__________ of the ACA focus on areas of expertise and topics of interest.

You are having trouble finding a worthwhile reason to get up and going each day, in particular because you are unhappy with your career and are unsure what direction your life should take. Does that sound correct?

"I don't know what to do with my life. I hate my job and everything seems so meaningless. I can barely muster the energy to get out of bed in the morning. Sometimes I just want to sleep for days." Based on this scenario from the text, which of the following is the most effective paraphrase?

open questions.

"What brings you to counseling?" or "What do you make of that?" are examples of

advanced counselors can use intuition and experience when conceptualizing issues.

A major difference between novice counselors and more advanced counselors is that

a marked increase in salary and benefits.

A thorough understanding of the origin and historical progression of counseling provides a framework for ALL of the following EXCEPT

mental hygiene movement.

A Mind That Found Itself provided the incentive for the

planning

A __________ summary is frequently used at the end of a counseling session.

focusing

A __________ summary is most commonly used at the start of a counseling session.

assimilation

A three- or four-year old who encounters any dog will refer to the dog as a dog, rather than a certain breed of dog. This is an example of Piaget's concept of

perceives others through his own narrow cultural lens. does not pay attention to the cultural values of a client. does not pay attention to the experiences of a client. Correct! All of the above.

A culturally encapsulated counselor is one who

an objective test.

A multiple choice personality inventory is

enhanced

A professional school counselor's visibility in the school is ______ by being seen in the hallways, classrooms, meetings, cafeteria, and the playground.

occupation

A(n) ______ is a formally classified work activity that involves a group of people working in different situations.

crisis

A(n) ______ is an event outside the range of normal human experience which would be markedly distressing to anyone.

career

A(n) ______ refers to a series of paid or unpaid occupations or jobs that a person holds throughout his or her life.

avocation

A(n) _______________ provides satisfaction, although it may not provide any monetary gain

models consider how various cultural identities intersect with each other.

All of the following are true about cultural identity development models EXCEPT

counselors should assume an expert leadership role when dealing with first responders and local authorities.

All of the following statements are true regarding counselor safety in crisis intervention and prevention EXCEPT

preoperational stage.

According to Piaget, children's mental representation ability increases dramatically during the

5 years

According to current guidelines, a professional counselor must wait at least _____ years to engage in romantic or sexual relationships with a former client or their family members.

brief solution-focused approaches.

According to the ASCA Ethical Standards for School Counselors, when possible, school counselors should use

may have recently experienced a defeat, failure, humiliation, or loss.

Acutely suicidal persons

relationships. abilities. income. Correct! All of the above.

Aging adults must adapt to and cope with increasing loss of

critical

All of the following are essential counselor characteristics EXCEPT:

intimacy

All of the following are identified as resiliencies in The Resilient Self EXCEPT

Graduate Record Exam (GRE).

An example of a norm-referenced test is the

multicultural consideration. application of theory. assessment of the client's motivation. Correct! All of the above.

An important aspect of case conceptualization is

ethnic identity.

An individual's sense of belongingness to a particular ethnic group is described as

counseling became available to children. counseling settings expanded. counselors worked with the unemployed in non-traditional ways. Correct! All of the above.

As a result of the Great Depression.

African American

Because about 70% of households are single parent and female led, collaboration among extended family members, neighbors, and community leaders is often the norm in the __________ culture.

how professional counselors understand the nature of a client's concerns. how and why the client's problem developed. types of counseling interventions that might be effective for the client. Correct! All of the above.

Case conceptualization refers to

frustrated.

Client: (describing his relationship with his wife) "I try and I try, but hardly ever seem to succeed. Every time I try to do what she wants, it doesn't work out. I just don't know what to do." The word that best demonstrates the client's feelings is

in the Precontemplation stage.

Clients not currently considering change are

contemplation

Clients who are thinking about the benefits of change, but are not ready to make the commitment are in the _________ stage.

Medical

Clinical Psychology is founded on the ______________model.

Mental Health Counseling: This type of counseling has to do with a lot of different concepts, and the focus is on diagnosing and treating an illness within someone. A mental health counselor could work in mental health facilities, their own private practices, prison, court, and communities. Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling: This type of counseling is based on individual evaluation, and is meant for help getting back into everyday life and the competitive employment preparations. Not only just getting a job, but getting meaning from it and is engaging with the career. This counseling has importance on independence, and recognizing the talents and abilities of all that could help them lead their own lives. They could work in medical facilities, patient homes, rehabilitation facilities,

Compare and Contrast Mental Health Counseling with Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling. Be sure to included history of the professions and examples of where people work in both areas.

doctor's notes.

Comprehensive treatment plans should include all of the following EXCEPT

logical operations.

Concrete operational thinkers are able to understand

pre-contemplation

Considering the stages of change model, clients are not yet considering change in the _________ stage.

action

Considering the stages of change model, clients take real steps toward making change in the _________ stage.

Educational/Developmental

Counseling Psychology is founded on the ______________ model.

Hygiology

Counseling focuses on which of the following:

wellness, normal development, empowerment, and prevention.

Counseling involves approaches that emphasize

an increase in students with intense mental health issues.

Counselors in college settings, at the turn of the 21st century, have observed.

are key players in the event of a national crisis.

Counselors in college settings.

elementary settings.

Counselors who want to focus their efforts on preventive measures may want to specialize in

alone cannot accurately measure the total impact of a college counselor on student success.

Data correlating student retention and counseling services

Accreditation, - Accreditation is a form of credentialing for universities and programs (not people). Specific accreditation programs are responsible for accrediting certain types of programs. For example, CACREP is the major accreditation body for mental health counseling programs.This protects both the counselor and the public. By going to an accredited university, a counselor ensures their education fulfills a minimum expectation necessary for ethical and satisfactory practice. It helps a counselor gain licensure and work more easily, and helps a client feel confident that their counselor has received a proper education.Accurate description -Accurately explain how it impacts the professional counselor Supervised Training, When an aspiring counselor or therapist practices under the licensure of someone else, and with their guidance and counsel. Because the counselor themselves is not fully credentialed, they are able to practice only with this supervision. Furthermore, this is a requirement to receive licensure and, among accredited universities, to graduate from a counseling program.This allows a counselor to receive proper guidance and support while developing their skills for further service.Accurate descriptionAccurately explain how it impacts the professional counselor Professional Associations, These are bodies of individuals with similar professional backgrounds and interests. They can be divided into work setting divisions and passion divisions. They provide a multitude of benefits.They provide such things as networking opportunities, chances for continued education, conferences, connection to lawyers and insurance companies, scholarships, and they lobby the government. Accurate descriptionAccurately explain how it impacts the professional counselor LicensingThe most prestigious form of credentialing which a counselor can receive. It is necessary to be able to practice therapy and many forms of counseling. This protects both the counselor and the client by setting a standard of skill and behavior expectations necessary for the field.Accurate descriptionAccurately explain how it impacts the professional counselor Continuing educationThis is a requirement after an individual has gained licensure. They must continue to go to conferences or receive continued education in order to make sure their understanding of the field is up to date.This ensures the counselor is giving the best treatment available.Accurate description - Accurately explain how it impacts the professional counselor

Describe each of the following and how they impact the professional counselor. 1. Accreditation, 2. Supervised Training, 3. Professional Associations, 4. Licensing, 5. Continuing education.

An A answer should be able to list and describe the following benefits: Professional identity Networking resources Continued education/conferences Access to cheaper insurance and lawyers The money goes toward lobbying the government Students have access to scholarship applications Access to grant applications

Describe the benefits of belonging to a professional organization in regards to being a professional counselor.

The purpose of Psychological first aid is to provide helping actions aimed at reducing initial post-trauma distress and supporting short and long-term adaptive functioning. The 8 core actions associated are: look, listen, and link: I will be using the example of someone just got their ankle broken or sprained falling from a cliff during a hike in the rain. 1. Contact and engage: They have just badly hurt themselves, and may be in panic so I need to approach in a calming way. 2. Provide comfort and safety: This is immediate comfort, so since it is raining I should help get them out of the rain and cover them with something that could make them warm and maybe give some water, make sure they are not going to be able to fall again. 3. Stabilize and calm: This step is where I would do some breathing exercises with them, talk with them (but nothing emotionally, need to wait at least 6 hours to do so or it could flair their panic again). Just connect with them and really calm them down and have empathy. 4.Assess and gather information: This is when I get the facts, figure out what exactly happened and what we need to do. 5. Address immediate needs: Immediate needs are different from the comfort and safety needs, these needs are more so how will the person be able to be safe all the way until they are home. Maybe make a splint for their ankle or some other way to provide help until they can get real medical help or go home. Did they lose anything in the fall, that sort of thing. 6. Connect Client with social supports: Talk to anyone I can get in contact with that the hurt person knows and can have help and support from. 7. provide information on coping: I would make sure the hurt person knows how to deal with the ankle until it is healed, maybe make sure or warn them they do not go on a big hike again until it is okay, let them know how to ice it and rest it when they are home. 8. link clients to the future: focus on the future aspect, and if they need long term treatment let them know where they can go. Ask their support or them if they have a family doctor or someone who could help with PT if the hurt person's ankle really needs it later on. This is a great guide to remember in case of any crisis, whether big or small and are able to help someone in need.

Describe the purpose of psychological first aid (PFA), and list the 8 core actions associated with PFA. Use an example to demonstrate your answer.

During the assessment process for counselors, Categories:1. Standardized: Tests that are the same anywhere they are given, these are not class room tests. An example would be the ACT test. 2. Non- standardized: tests that can be taken in a class room, may vary throughout other classrooms, like a chapter test given by a teacher in a classroom 3. Norm Referenced: Basically taking the normal score of a group and comparing it to what someone in that group got, whether they were above or below, or the same on average as everyone else, like the bell curve principle. 4. Criterion Referenced: need to reach a certain threshold to pass. maybe like in counseling, if someone is tested and reaches a threshold of a certain diagnosis, they are high enough to be diagnosed, whereas someone takes it and they are below the threshold, they would not be diagnosed with the issue because the score is not high enough. Types: 1. Cognitive: Intellectual tests. Best example I can think is the IQ test, but may be hard culturally and not best to use because if asking an american history question to a Chinese person who just moved to america, then it would not be fair and may not really test the same level of intelligence when compared to an all american person. 2. Affective: Emotional, there are three types. I am pretty sure they are: Objective, projective, and interest. Objective: like the MMPI test, a pencil and paper test that you can use multiple choice to find personality types maybe. Projective: similar to objective but instead of multiple choice the answers are more broad and can be different depending how each person answers the questions. example would be the ink blot test. Interest: This is like the Holland code, where we looked at certain traits and personalities and saw which ones we fit most into in our minds. What we are interested in. Works well in career counseling. 3. Achievement: Focuses on what someone has learned and shows what level of knowledge they have achieved, like this midterm test, what I have learned is being shown through these answers I am giving. 4. Aptitude: This test predicts future, and differs from achievement because rather than testing what someone knows, they test what capacity someone could learn later on through high level questions. Like the GRE, because they will be successful in graduate school. 5. Symptom checklist: an example would be when you go to the doctor's office and they give you the form to fill out, if they ask are you feeling these symptoms and you put a check mark by each one that correctly describes how you feel so they know what to treat or check for. I think each situation is different in counseling, you could use the hot cross buns test for when you want your patient to see their own score and how much they see the issue themselves, or the Holland code in career counseling, or the symptom checklist for when they first come to counseling to see the symptoms coming from their thoughts. I think affective is most used in counseling because it helps with emotional responses, and you can see the kind of personality they have also.

Discuss the importance of testing and measurment as a portion of the assessment process for counselors. Identify the 4 categories of tests, the 5 types of tests that were discussed in class and how you would find a test to use in counseling. Give examples to demonstrate your answer.

identity development.

During toddlerhood, all of the following are major developmental accomplishments EXCEPT

The process of creating a case conceptualization involves three major steps. These are: Assess, Diagnose, and Treatment. Assess refers to figuring out what you want to know about the client. You are observing the situation and identifying what you are going to ask to get the information needed to diagnose the patient before anything else. You then test and measure them with what you know. Maybe you can even do the MMPI test here. Diagnosing refers to not only putting the label of a mental health problem on them, but it could also include what the issue was driven by. You can tell them what you think the root cause of the issue is whether it be the environment or the relationship issues they are having or anything else that could be affecting them. Could look at the DSM-5 also. Treatment has to do with making it make sense to the client. The treatment plan should include goals, objectives, and intervention. Goals are what the client wants to achieve, objectives are what the client is possible to achieve and capable of doing so, and intervention is to show them how they can go about doing them, maybe getting the support they need or whatever you assessed they needed. An example would be a woman who was dumped by her long term boyfriend and is extremely insecure and turned to drugs to feel better and relaxed. To assess you would ask her about the relationship, about the start of the drug problem, about her moods, her physical problems, her personal thoughts, and look at her behavior and how she feels about the whole situation. Diagnose would involve seeing she has a drug addiction, and the root cause may be the relationship breakup and how she feels she is no longer good enough since she was already with a man for so long who left her. Finally, you go through the treatment with her where you ask her goal which may be to finally be happy again. The objectives could be maybe she should spend more time with her family or her friends who she has not reached out to lately, and then intervention would be to see her getting the support she needs and referring her to an addiction facility maybe for a program or maybe since seeing those she loves and is happier she can stop the addiction. This is just an example so the scenario went how I wanted it to but of course it can be different each time.

Discuss the process of creating a case conceptualization. Identify the steps along the way, the types of assessment, and the types of observations you would make,. Identify the information that you would hope to glean from a client to guide your creation of a case conceptualization. Give an example to demonstrate your points.

The three C's of hardiness are: 1. Commitment Vs Alienation: commitment ex. would be remembering those you love who are waiting for you, people other than you, and things you can focus on rather than alienation which would be to not think of others and not have that needed connection. I know in a lot of kidnapping survivors, they say they lived because of the memory of their family and how much they know their family is waiting for them back home. They do not want to die when they have so much that is greater than them in mind. 2. Control Vs. Powerlessness: The power of controlling at least one aspect that you can find no matter what rather than giving in and losing the control to everything and accepting that fate. focuses on what we can control rather than what we cannot. 3. Challenge Vs. Security: Trying to overcome the challenge we face, have that adrenaline kick almost to help us do something, rather than be secure in our corner and not facing the music at all. Again it is better to try than to give in. I think it is better to try and be courageous than show our weakness in the face of evil. The relationship between Crisis and Hardiness is that when anyone is in a crisis, they could possibly get through the turmoil of it all if they have hardiness and choose to help themselves and do all that they can rather than again giving in, letting it over take you and your life, and not being in control of your life in any aspect. It is a powerful and ethnocentric concept focusing on the individual.

Discuss the three c's of hardiness and their relationship to Crisis.

I would say the first thing would be the concept of autonomy. I just took TESOL last semester so i did know the definition of the word but the amount of times I have seen the concept pop up this semester in this class has been a ton. I had never thought of allowing the client to have autonomy over their life as a huge part of counseling and helping clients because I had only seen it as a classroom tool that teachers want their students to be able to do the work by themselves. But as time went on I now understand that autonomy in psychology actually refers to the independence of one self away from counseling. Counselors should strive to not only help their clients to do better, but to have the clients understand themselves and their own problems, and how they will move on with life independently once the counseling has been terminated. The counselor is not there to be the leader but to be a guide by the side. I now understand the goal of counseling for a lot of people should be autonomy, and not only in rehabilitation counseling. The second thing I found I learned the most about is ethics. This is only my third psychology class, and the second one was all about statistics so we did not really speak on ethics or theories much. I have never been in a psych class that talked about ethics at all much. I just remember how almost every psychologist did crazy things in the past and the research seemed unethical to me, so I thought the idea of ethics was more of a personal idea and of course some law abiding rules counted as ethics. I saw ethics as something that everyone in any workforce has to abide by no matter the job, and yes I knew that when a counselor thinks someone is going to kill themselves, they have an obligation by law to report it and help that person get to the correct facilities or supports. However, I did not know the extent of ethics at all in counseling. The main ethical duty is to care for the client. But, the ethical duties also involve keeping the client safe, the counselor themselves safe, keeping a good relationship with clients and coworkers, and how to intervene and treat carefully and correctly. I now know about the ACA code of ethics, and how a lot of areas where counselors get licensed are required to abide by these codes. I know that if I become a counselor I will abide by these guidelines. I think it has altered my view of mental health and counseling because I know that if I become a counselor I will not have to worry about clients threatening me or my peers doing something bad and I can't do anything about it because there is something I can do (report and be honest)! What I want to say is that in the end I feel safer going into this profession now that I know I and my clients are protected fully and I can be the best counselor I can be.

Discuss two specific points of learning that you have learned from this class. Be specific. Thoroughly describe something that you have learned and how this has altered your view of mental health and the profession of counseling.

offer an alternative to incarceration.

Diversion programs

passion; work setting

Divisions can be categorized as __________ divisions or __________ divisions.

1960-1980

During __________ there became such a high demand for school counselors that colleges and universities could not keep up the pace.

abstract concepts.

During middle childhood, children often have problems with

honeymoon

During the ______ phase of the cycle of violence theory, the abuser asks for forgiveness and may bring the abused partner gifts.

Physical development: when the senses become more fine, and exact The brain is more complex in it's functioning, and bettering of communication skills sensorimoter happens: seeing something through touch and senses Puberty occurs, gross motor then fine Cognitive Development: Dendrites: happens after baby is already born Synaptoses: creates communications Mylenation: makes messages move faster Piaget's stages: 1. Sensorimotor, 2. Preoperational, 3. Concrete Operational, Formal Operational. each person creates their own understanding, active learning He believed in equilibrium, which is the balance we need created by accommodating from assimilation. Erik Erikkson: Progressive theory: trust vs mistrust (infant) autonomy vs shame initiative vs guilt industry vs inferiority confusion of roles vs self identity Intimacy vs isolation Generativity vs Stagnation Ego integrity vs despair (old Age) Moral Development: Kohlberg Meaning that we develop our thoughts of good and bad through time by growing and learning. Pre conventional, Conventional, Post-conventional It is important to keep these stages of development in mind because we need to realize that children will never be adults until they can function properly. They are not fully developed in the brain until around 25, and kids need to go through the motions of life to experience the world around them before creating an identity. I also think we need to focus more on the high suicide rate of the elderly because they of course need to feel that they meant something to the world and that they contributed and had a meaning in their life. I think families need to care more for the elders in their lives and not just place them in homes because we need to look at this and realize they need so much more. Basically, at every stage in life we have issues and we need to not put down anyone and see that everyone needs help at some point and that is a big reason why therapy and counseling of all kinds is much needed in today's world.

Either on a seperate paper or on canvas answer the following. Create a matrix that dilineates the following. Physical Development Cognitive Development Psycho-social Development Moral development. ALSO....Describe why it is important to keep these stages of development in mind and how it may effect a person that is not successfully moving through the developmental stages.

immediate

Following a crisis event, research indicates that ________ intervention is critical to long term favorable outcomes.

Lieben and Arbeiten

Freud identified ________ and _____________ as major tasks of life.

screening, remediation, and dismissal of counseling students.

Gatekeeping involves

contributions to the future made by those in middle adulthood.

Generativity refers to

When the client is in danger of being harmed or will harm someone else.

In which of the following instances is it most acceptable to break confidentiality and give information to an appropriate person?

extend their services into community settings.

Hospital settings today

1. Experience firsthand: For counselors to do this, they should try to travel to be involved in any other cultures, and enjoy firsthand what they have to offer. I am American born but moved to Japan right before Junior year of high school and am still here. I feel like I have become desensitized to the culture shock that I felt first coming here, and have gained an in depth knowledge of what Japanese people enjoy doing, the history they study, and the different roles they have here that is very different from Americans. Of course a counselor does not have to spend so much money, but maybe if they live in America, they should travel to Hawaii and experience a lot of Polynesian culture and traditions. 2. Avoid Stereotypes: I think this one may be hard for older people and current counselors who grew up with a lot of stereotypes being okay to say. Counselors need to make sure they are not creating an image in their mind of what the client should be based on the culture because they are their own individual mind and it is unfair to them for someone to take that away from them. Do not have cultural encapsulation. 3. Build good rapport: It is always good to build good rapport with any client, but especially when culture is involved. If the client can trust you and you can create a good connection by maybe just talking normally and not being too invasive or pressuring about cultural aspects, they will open up more and can talk more about their culture without feeling judged by the counselor from a different culture. 4. Be an advocate: If the counselor is the dominant culture in the area and the client is in need of support and help, it is the client's duty to try to advocate for them. This can be done by helping the client find a good support system, help them to fit in with where they are, and if needed, the counselor should stand up for the client and ask for change in an area that needs change to allow the client to still hold on and love their culture and not be oppressed for it. 5. Understand help-seeking behaviors: I am going to bring up my experience in Japan again. I love Japan but they do not ask for help nor do they like to get involved when someone is in trouble. There are many instances where a Japanese person will not tell anyone they are scared of something or they feel they are depressed because it is looked down on and not seen as something that they can get help for. Of course they are gaining more insight every day on mental health but there are many suicides over things like school because they do not want to go home with bad grades but the school system in japan still will not change. It is things like this that make them not want to speak out. For a counselor, they should not be intimidating or push the client into making them see they have an issue, but be gradual and build a rapport first. It is good to know which cultures are more open and which are very conservative in this way to allow the counselor to prepare properly in assessing, diagnosing, and treating them. I do not want to look like I am going on a tangent but this concept for me is something I feel counselors need to work more on.

Identify at least 5 of the 12 guidelines for counseling across cultures that were discussed in class. Be thorough in your discussion. Give an example to demonstrate the guidelines.

content validity.

If a professor asked a class of school counselors-in-training to study seven chapters for their midterm, yet she only asked questions pertaining to three of the chapters, this test would have low

must release the information with or without the client's consent.

If both a subpoena and a court order are received, the professional counselor

egocentrism

In early childhood, __________ describes a child that is unable to see things from another perspective.

became more client-centered.

In the 1940s, counseling

clients should know the limits to confidentiality before being asked to disclose information. the underlying ethical principle of autonomy relates to the clients' right to make their own choices about treatment. Correct! Both of the above.

Informed consent is important to assessment and treatment planning because

confidentiality and its limits. fees and payment information. frequency and duration of sessions. Correct! All of the above.

Informed consent typically includes

a.Plauged by diffuse and divergent identities b.Blessed by the many changes over the years c.Solid from the beginning d.Un-identifieable Correct! both a and b

The Professional Identity of Counselors has been.

misdiagnosis.

Knowledge of human development can prevent

Correctly identifies each step of the process (1 pt each = 8 pts)Identify the problem The president of the university is requesting confidential information he doesn't have a right to.Identify and apply code of ethics Confidentiality, beneficence, Fidelity, Non-maleficence Determine nature of the dilemma Multiple elements going on here. Your boss has a power in the relationship and there is a legitimate concern towards what will happen if you disobey his requests. You have an ethical obligation and your licensure is dependent on fulfilling certain requirements by the state and professional associations. Your client has particular vulnerabilities as a student of the university that have to be considered. Etc.Generate potential courses of action Generate all potential courses, including unethical ones. The idea here is to simply examine your options. Consider potential consequences of ALL options being considered Each potential course of action has benefits and risks which should be discussed here Choose a course of course of action Evaluate the course of action Chooses an ethical response (2/2 pts) Ethical responses could include:***Always start by consulting with trusted colleague or supervisor Tell the president no Seek support from other sources Legal support from lawyers Go to his supervisors ACA code of ethics and ACA resources Report him to the board of licensing Ask client if they are okay with it and get a release of information Correctly defend why the response was chosen using accurate terminology and ethical application (5/5 pts total) - Identifies and applies correct code of ethics Correctly assesses nature of dilemma Generates and assesses consequences of at least two courses of action Ethical explanation as to why course of action was chosen

Lets say you have just started working for a large university in the counseling center. The director of the Counseling Center has just been promoted to be the President of the University. Within the first six months of your job you have had to forcible hospitalize a student from the university due to suicidal plans. When the student is discharged from the hospital they send to you a copy of the clients file to facilitate a good discharge transition back into your care. The President of the University is aware of the hospitalization, because of the Ambulance visit to the counseling center, and concerned for the safety of the university as a whole and liability issues with this client. He asks to have a copy of the discharge paperwork. When you resist he reminds you that he is a licensed psychologist and has 20 years experience working in the counseling center. He knows what he is doing. He wants the file ASAP! The President suggests that he will place a censure in your personel file for refusal to fulfill your duties as assigned. What is your response and why. Describe the process that you went through to come to a decision.

continuing education.

Licenses and certifications require

The 6 Moral Principles of Ethical Behavior according to the ACA are: 1. Autonomy- Respecting my client's rights to make their own decisions. 2. Justice- to treat everyone fairly, but according to each separate person's needs. 3. Beneficence- doing what is best for my client. 4. Non maleficence- causing no harm to others. 5. Fidelity- honoring commitments and having loyalty. 6. Veracity- to be honest in my professional actions with clients and others. Autonomy example: If a client is married to someone of the same sex, I should not try to impose my feelings of not agreeing with their lifestyle onto them. Basically keep my personal thoughts separate from my professional in regards to a client's life. Justice example: If a client comes in who is uncomfortable around dogs, I would not suggest a service dog to help with anxiety even if it worked for the patient that loved dogs and was comfortable around them. Basically, not every method works for every person. Beneficence example: If a client starts saying they are going to harm them self or others, I need to report it to the authorities, rather than keep the threats between us two, because it is best to get the patient the help they need so they do not harm anyone. Nonmaleficence example: If a client only threatens to hurt me, or others, I should not try to hurt them, but rather call the authorities. Or any case where I could hurt them, I shouldn't. Fidelity: If a girlfriend of my client comes in to ask me if my client came in today or what is the issue with them, I should say I can not disclose if I am even seeing them, because fidelity is all about honoring the client and keeping my word not to speak of their sessions to others. Veracity example: Before I start treating my client, I should explain to them exactly what my plan is and why I think it will work rather than hiding what I am doing. Basically, just being truthful and not lying to them.

List and describe the 6 Moral Principles of Ethical Behavior according to the ACA. GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF EACH.

Person Environment Ecological Educational/Developmental Medical Correct! None of the above

Marriage and Family Therapy is founded on the ____________ model.

the National Board of Certified Counselors (NBCC).

National certification of professional counselors is accomplished by

scores of a group of people similar to the examinee who took the same test.

Norm-referenced test scores are compared to

therapeutic relationship.

One of the best predictors of counseling outcomes is the

interacting authentically with others regarding spiritual/religious matters.

Optimal spiritual identity development involves

a way for clients to confirm or clarify the counselors' understanding of the situation and their thoughts and feelings.

Paraphrasing is

anxiety

Patients suffering from __________ may report a lump in their throat, sweating hands, a racing heart rate, and an upset stomach.

All of the above

Personal notes

The three steps to making good career decisions are: 1. Self-awareness 2. Career Awareness 3. planning and implementing The four theoretical approaches to Career Counseling are: 1. Trait factor: Holland, RIASEC 2. Developmental: Donald Super's life rainbow 3. Constructivits, Narrative: Mark sifcus (forgot how to spell his name): interview 4. Career learning: bandura, krumboltz For trait factor from Holland, we got the RIASEC hexagon. The person could draw a hexagon and then fill in each category's personal percentage out of 100 for each to see which they are naturally more captivated by based on skills and what someone enjoys. RIASEC stands for: Realistic( realists, enjoy working with hands like a construction worker), Investigative (Health researcher could be one, someone that enjoys investigating and learning and observing), Artistic (creative people, who like to create things) , Social (this is a people person, loves to teach others or just be around people), Enterprising (love to persuade or perform), and Conventional (enjoy data and detail). Developmental: Donald Super Life Rainbow is a nice artistic view of the stages of development in developing a career throughout life. It goes from Growth, Exploration, Establish, Maintain, and decline. Basically the idea of what career someone goes into is not just off the top of their head, but developed through each stage. Kids spend more time playing than thinking about a career, so the focus on a career is gradual. Constructive/ narrative: Mark S. thought that making interview styled questions to ask someone specifying and focusing in on careers, would help push the answer out. It is meant for self-exploration from the client, and draws out life goals having to do with their career thoughts. A good example would be: "what is your personal motto?" or "what school subject do you like best and which do you like least?". These types of questions let the client understand themselves more by thinking deeper. Career learning theory: has to do with Bandura and Krumboltz. Bandura focuses on what the client's environment is, what they grow up in. If they grew up around a family of scientists, it is likely they will be more inclined to go to school to study some type of sciences since it is what they are used to. Learning also impacts more than genetics or thinking. Also, that learning happens through doing something to learn it, social learning theory. Krumboltz had his 4 factors for choosing a career. I think they were: genetic abilities, the environment and events that happen, learning and conditioning, and having the skills to make goals and tasks. He thought that teachers should teach through modeling and showing correct information to a client about a career will help that client use their new knowledge to make better decisions. I feel that these constructs are manifested in myself for my career decision making as most work well and make sense. I somewhat disagree with the genetics aspect of Krumboltz, but other than that I understand where they all come from. I know when I was a kid I started developing my career thoughts because my teacher modeled to us all these careers and taught us knowledge. Also, I was raised by my mother who is a psychologist, and it has interested me more than other subjects I feel because of this. I have never thought about the narrative theory but I would love to try it and I see how it could work very well. I ask myself similar questions when I get scared about my schooling. I would say I identify most with Bandura, because I was raised understanding this concept most. Very good. Note that the instructions say to discuss each of the 4 theoretical approaches and how they manifest in you individually. Only discussed 2.

Please identify the three steps to making good career decisions. Then Identify the 4 theoretical approaches to Career Counseling. Be sure to identify the theorists and the practical use of each of these theories. Discuss each of these 4 theoretical approaches and how these constructs are manifested in you as a Career Decision Making Individual.

The Characteristics of Effective Counselors are: Genuine: Real, honest, and does not try to be who they are not. Respectful: Treats the clients fairly, not offensive, and treats them as an equal. Empathic: Showing that you care, that you understand and not just sit there like a robot while they talk about emotional things. Warm and Caring: Empathic, but also shows with action that they care about the client, and that they can be trusted by the client. Not intimidating or mean.

Please list and describe the Characteristics of Effective Counselors.

describes how well the client has responded to treatment or developed coping strategies.

Positive counseling outcomes (PCO)

accepting transgender individuals' experiences and serving as an ally to educate the community and profession on their needs. identifying strengths that they possess as they deal with societal discrimination. assisting them to connect to support systems and appropriate occupational opportunities. Correct! All of the above.

Professional counselors can act as advocates for transgender individuals by

may have taken similar counseling courses when they were in graduate school. serve the same clientele. strengthen their capacity to serve students by referring and relating to one another. Correct! All of the above.

Professional counselors working in college counseling centers and student-life services

normal responses to abnormal events.

Professional counselors, as opposed to other helping professionals, view problems as

be made available for review by parents of students.

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 and the Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA) of 1978 require that school system surveys funded by the U. S. Department of Education

World War II.

Psychiatric evaluations and mental hygiene clinics were used in recruitment before

clients. service delivery systems. institutions. Correct! All of the above.

Rehabilitation counselors work with

holistic approach

School counselors should view students using a(n) _______, including how all of the environmental characteristics of a child's world and the child's own freedom of choice interact to affect the child.

refers to the client's ability to answer truthfully. is not necessary for a test to be valid. is possible only if a test is valid. Correct Answer None of the above.

Test reliability

Multiculturalism

The "fourth force" in counseling is called ____________.

Frank Parsons.

The Father of the American guidance movement was

Person in Environment

Social Work is founded on the __________ model.

unprotected sex. sexual assault and rape. car accidents. Correct! All of the above.

Substance abuse in adolescence is linked with higher rates of

developmental theory; social learning theory of career decision making

Super is to __________ as Krumboltz is to __________.

pre-psychotherapy.

Techniques counselors use to help elementary-aged children express themselves include all of the following EXCEPT

Remedial, Preventative, Educational-Developmental

The Following are identified as the Three Central Roles of Counseling Psychology.

are very similar.

The counseling skills needed to serve clients in community/agency settings compared to private practice settings

allowed college counselors to demonstrate their professional identity as distinct from student-life professionals.

The creation of the American College Counseling Association as a division of the ACA

adolescence

The first few years of __________ can be difficult because of rapid physical changes and substantial cognitive and emotional maturation.

rapid physical changes. cognitive maturation. emotional maturation. Correct! All of the above.

The first few years of puberty can be difficult due to

a.Life Coach b. Marriage and Family Therapist c.Financial Counselor Correct! a and c

The following are all identified as professional counselors.

inspection, registration, certification, and licensure.

The four levels of credentialing procedures, ranging from least prestigious to most prestigious, are ______________.

rehabilitation philosophy.

The independence, integration, and inclusion of all people with disabilities in employment and in their communities is an underlying value of

to allow members to take legal action against a client if necessary.

The main purposes of the ACA Code of Ethics (2014) include all of the following EXCEPT:

the basic listening sequence

The microskills hierarchy includes the basic attending skills at the bottom and __________ farther up the hierarchy.

There may be justification to adjust aspects of common practice in order to best protect individuals and the public during times of crisis.

Which of the following statements is true regarding legal and ethical guidelines for crisis counseling?

for people with disabilities to secure competitive employment, instead of merely job placement.

The primary goal of vocational rehabilitation is

middle school setting.

The setting where counselors pay close attention to the transitions and the great degree of variation in physical development and issues related to self-image and sexual development is the

androcentricism.

The term used to describe masculinity as the ideal trait for which humans strive that has associated privileges and power is

FERPA and HIPAA

There is often conflict between __________ in regard to health information.

therapeutic relationship.

Thirty percent of therapeutic outcome is associated with the

Do no harm to others.

To what does the term nonmaleficence refer?

take into account the client's level of motivation for change.

Treatment plans should

4,000-6,5000 hours of supervision.

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for state licensure?

Clients who don't identify with White cultural values may not value connections with family and community.

Which of the following is NOT a key issue that professional counselors should consider when gaining an understanding of cultural identity?

Intervention model.

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary approaches to the treatment of drug and alcohol abuse and dependence?

cultural encapsulation.

When a professional counselor is fused in his or her own culture of origin and is unaware of mutual influences between self and sociocultural context, he or she is in a state of

internal consistency.

When a test is divided into two halves (sets of scores) and a high correlation is found between the two sets of scores, the test is considered to have

follow an ethical decision making model. consult with a supervisor or trusted colleague. conduct a suicide risk assessment on an on-going basis. Correct! All of the above.

When dealing with a client in crisis, it is important to

must be attentive to client non-verbal behaviors. must assess for suicidal and/or homicidal intent. should have office safety and escape protocols in place. Correct! All of the above.

When meeting with high-risk clients who are a danger to self and/or others, the professional counselor

consult with a colleague or supervisor who is qualified to provide such consultation. refer to the American Counseling Association's Code of Ethics. Correct! Both of the above.

When professional counselors have a question about ethics, they should

overshooting

When reflecting feelings, __________ occurs when the helper reflects a feeling that is more intense than the client expressed.

digestive problems. sleeplessness. compromised immunity. Correct! All of the above.

When stress is chronic, it can lead to long term issues such as

It is difficult to quantify what the poverty threshold is.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding poverty?

move from general (open questions) to specific (closed questions).

When using questions in the counseling relationship, it is best to

outdoor behavioral health care programs. residential treatment programs. alternative juvenile corrections programs. Correct Answer All of the above.

Wilderness therapy programs are also referred to as

Posttraumatic stress disorder

______ is a DSM-5 classification that includes four main categories of symptoms, including hyperarousal, intrusion, avoidance, and negative alterations in mood or cognitions.

Homicide; suicide

______ is a human-made crisis that an assailant does to another, while ______ can be vexing for survivors of the loss because some may view it as a "choice."

Chronic risk

______ refers to a long term presence of risk that may or may not necessitate urgent care, immediate hospitalization, or immediate intervention.

High school counselors

_______ are sensitive and responsive to students creating a sense of identity, and they emphasize academic advising, educational planning, and career development.

Bonadaptation

_______ refers to the positive enhancing growth and changes individuals gain through dealing effectively with stressors and crisis events.

Vicarious traumatization

_______ stems from a cognitive processing change, and it occurs when counselors connect with clients' pain and feel the cumulative impact of that pain.

Middle school counselors

_______ usually focus on transitions and topics such as decision-making, conflict resolution, peer pressures, sexuality, career development, and substance abuse.

Compassion fatigue

________ involves feelings of deep sympathy and sorrow for clients experiencing suffering or misfortune, along with strong desire to help alleviate the client's suffering.

Action research

________ is a practical research approach intended to collect information, address a specific problem, and generate solutions.

Psychological first aid

________ is a systematic set of helping actions aimed at reducing initial post-trauma distress and supporting short and long-term adaptive functioning.

Intelligence

________ tests are designed to broadly measure cognitive ability.

Alcoholics Anonymous

_________ is the largest recovery program in the world.

Emic

__________ approaches allow the professional counselor to attend to cultural variations and culturally specific interventions.

Super

__________ can best be characterized as a developmental career theorist.

All of the above.

__________ cannot be denied based only upon having made an ethics complaint or being the subject of an ethics complaint.

Student-life services

__________ includes admissions, women's center, and career services.

Interpreting

__________ is NOT part of the basic listening sequence.

Early age of first use

__________ is a risk factor for the development of substance dependence and other psychological disorders later in life.

Anxiety

__________ is characterized by excessive/constant worry, restlessness, irritability, and disturbed sleep.

Vision loss Physical handicap Mental illness Correct! . All of the above

__________ is considered a disability according to ADA?

Motor development

__________ is the most dramatic and observable change in an infant's first year of life.

Intimacy vs. isolation

__________ is the stage in which establishing intimate ties with another is a major task.

Justice

__________ means treating each client fairly, but not necessarily treating each client the same.

Stagnation

__________ occurs if people feel that they have not made significant contributions.

Case conceptualization

__________ occurs when counselors make meaning out of the information gathered.