Psych 7
Bill is 65 years old and is worried about the upcoming winter months. He is very worried that he will catch a cold that would escalate to something worse due to his age. What would you tell Bill? A. Try not to worry too much. Children and younger adults are more susceptible to short-term ailments due to older adults having a stronger immune system. B. Make sure you take care of yourself this winter as older adults are more susceptible to short-term and long-term illnesses. C. Try not to worry too much. Children and younger adults are more susceptible to short-term ailments due to older adults having more antibodies in their system. D. Make sure you take care of yourself this winter as older adults have a weak disease-fighting immune system.
C
10 Prenatal diagnostic techniques that obtain fetal chromosomes include all of the following EXCEPT _____. A) amniocentesis B) fetal cell sorting C) chorionic villus sampling D) fluorescence (ital)in situ(/ital) hybridization
D
12 Which of the following utilizes labeled DNA probes? A) amniocentesis B) fetal cell sorting C) chorionic villus sampling D) fluorescence (ital)in situ(/ital) hybridization
D
13 In _____ the karyotype of a villus cell differs from that of an embryo cell. A) Robertsonian translocation B) reciprocal translocation C) male nondisjunction D) chromosomal mosaicism
D
15 The most common autosomal aneuploid is _____. A) trisomy 13 B) trisomy 15 C) trisomy 18 D) trisomy 21
D
22 All of the following aneuploids can result from female nondisjunction except _____. A) Klinefelter syndrome B) triplo-X C) Turner syndrome D) Jacobs syndrome
D
24 Cri-du-chat syndrome is associated with _____. A) a missing chromosome number 5 B) an additional chromosome number 5 C) a deletion of the long arm of chromosome number 5 D) a deletion of the short arm of chromosome number 5
D
27 Which of the following karyotypes is NOT possible in the offspring of a translocation carrier (involving chromosomes 14 and 21) and a normal individual? A) deficient 14 or deficient 21 B) normal C) translocation Down syndrome D) all are possible outcomes.
D
5 Our closest evolutionary relative, according to karyotypes analysis, is the _____. A) mouse B) domestic cat C) gorilla D) pygmy chimpanzee (bonobo)
D
7 Some human chromosomes contain _____, which are bloblike ends that extend from a thinner stalklike bridge from the rest of the chromosome. A) centromeres B) kinetochores C) telomeres D) satellites
D
Which statement describes the pattern of life satisfaction for adults whose spouse died? A. Life satisfaction remained neutral prior to the death, dropped significantly during the year of spouse's death, and dropped more in the years following the death. B.Life satisfaction dipped prior to the death, showed a brief rebound during the year of spouse's death, and decreased in the years following the death. C. Life satisfaction peaked prior to the death, dropped significantly during the year of spouse's death, and failed to rebound to prior levels in the years following the death. D. Life satisfaction dipped prior to the death, dropped significantly during the year of spouse's death, and rebounded to prior levels in the years following the death.
D
generativity vs. stagnation
Erik Erikson proposed that at this stage of life, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or else they may feel a lack of purpose.
social identity.
James walks into the gas station to prepay for his gas. It seems like everyone pauses and looks at him. He is now aware that he is the only Muslim male in the store. He is aware of his:
preconventional
Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) _____ morality.
intimacy vs. isolation.
Jenny has a job, a cat named Jake, and 31 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right man." She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. According to Erik Erikson, Jenny is in the stage of development called:
How might adolescents' tendency to engage in such risky behaviors as street racing and experimental drug use reflect brain development phenomena?
The prefrontal cortex matures slowly, retarding adolescents' ability to weigh potential consequences.
Why is it that older people account for fewer than 10 percent of all automobile crashes when they have slower reaction time and attend less to other vehicles on the road as compared to younger adults?
They drive less than younger adults
Why did research participants state that they would kill one person to save five when it involved flipping a trolley switch but then refuse to apply the same "kill one to save five" when it involved pushing a person?
They used the emotional part of the brain to refuse to push.
conventional
Thirteen-year-old Amata repeatedly tells her mother not to drive too fast and to make a complete stop at the light in order to avoid getting a ticket. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.
"Don't look at me. I must look terrible."
Thirteen-year-old Erin and her mother were in a car accident. Her mother was fine, but Erin had a cut on her forehead. When the attractive emergency medical technician came over to her, Erin MOST likely said:
struggling with intimacy issues.
Thirty-year-old Ana frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. She is worried about finding the "right man." According to Erik Erikson, Ana is MOST likely:
The emotion areas of the brain were activated when they thought about pushing the person.
Why did research participants state that they would kill one person to save five when it involved flipping a trolley switch but then refuse to apply the same "kill one to save five" when it involved pushing a person?
psychiatry
a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy
Kayla is 13 years old. She is in the midst of puberty. Kayla is in a stage of development called:
adolescence
Maura and Trish are eighth graders who have been caught smoking. Maura's parents yell at her, ground her for a month, and take away her television and Internet privileges for 2 months. Trish's parents talk to her about their disappointment and concern; additionally, they make her spend every afternoon for a week at the library researching the dangers of smoking and discussing her findings with them each night at dinner. Most likely, Maura's parents are___________ and Trish's are_____ .
authoritarian; authoritative
The culturally preferred timing of events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement is known as the social _____.
clock
Jay complains to his father that he does not have enough juice. There is no more juice in the house, so his father takes the juice Jay has in his glass and pours it into a taller, narrower glass. Jay believes that he has more juice because he has not yet developed an understanding of:
conservation
David is 13-years old and is telling his mother that she should not drive too fast and make a complete stop at the light in order to avoid getting a ticket. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.
conventional
Ren is 13-years old and is telling his mother that she should not drive too fast and make a complete stop at the light in order to avoid getting a ticket. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.
conventional
Samantha is creating a language development timeline for a class presentation. Along the top of a display board, she writes the following ages in sequence: 2 months> 4 months> 12 months> 18 months How should she label these ages, from youngest to oldest?
cooing> babbling > first words > telegraphic speech
The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting a study on older adults (50 to 75 years of age) regarding memory and response time in relation to timed tasks. They are bringing in all age groups at once to compare the differences. This is a(n) _____ study.
corss-sectional
A woman learns that her death is imminent. According to Kübler-Ross, her initial reaction to this news will likely be shock and disbelief, which are common to the stage.
denial
Arthur is 68 years old and is sitting in his recliner reflecting on the mistakes he made in his life as well as the dreams that went unfulfilled. According to Erik Erikson, Arthur is in the stage of development called integrity vs. _____.
despair
Improved judgment, impulse control, and the ability to plan for the future develop during the late teens and early twenties, largely as a result of:
development of the frontal lobe and its connections with other parts of the brain.
The field of psychology that examines physical, cognitive, and socioemotional changes across the life span is called __________?
developmental psychology
Gabriela is a 22-year-old recent college graduate. She is preparing to move to the largest city in her region to complete a prestigious internship. She has dated several young men but does not envision settling into a serious relationship for at least a few years yet. Gabriela is in a life stage many developmental psychologists call _____ adulthood.
emerging
Grace is a 19-year-old college sophomore. She is living away from home for the first time and is trying to decide on a major. Grace is in a phase of life many developmental psychologists call__________ adulthood.
emerging
The field of __ explores how the environment affects the expression of genetic attributes.
epigenetics
The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by the psychologist _____'s psychosocial development theory.
erikson
Malcolm was contemplating dropping out of high school when he was asked to enroll in a volunteer program. Every week he worked in a local day-care center, helping the children with their projects. The children appreciated his help. After a few months, it is MOST likely that Malcolm will:
feel better about himself and not drop out.
The longest part of a pregnancy, from the eighth week to birth, is called the ________period.
fetal
counciling psychology
focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems
Formal instruction in the scientific method usually begins when students are between 11 and 13 years of age. At this point, students are capable of the abstract thinking and deductive reasoning characteristic of Piaget's stage of cognitive development.
formal operational
Between the ages of 3 and 6 years, the number of neural connections increases most dramatically in the__________lobe.
frontal
At 19, Celia is beginning to plan for her future. She no longer lives for the moment. She wants to become a doctor, so she knows she has to buckle down in school. What is probably happening to Celia?
frontal lobes are growing
Marcia has the intense desire to create a mentoring program at her company. According to Erik Erikson, she is likely experiencing the _____ versus stagnation state.
generativity
Erik Erikson proposed that at the _____ versus _____ stage of life, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or else they may feel a lack of purpose.
generativity, stagnation
Erik Erikson proposed that at the _____ versus _____ stage of life, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or else they may feel a lack of purpose.
generativity; stagnation
An individual's complete collection of genes is called his or her:
genotype
An individual's_ is composed of his or her 23 pairs of chromosomes.
genotype
The first 2 weeks of a pregnancy, from conception to implantation, are termed the___ period.
germinal
Terminally ill and bereaved people do not go through predictable stages of _____, such as denial before anger.
grief
The process of developing a sense of _____ during adolescence was highlighted by Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
identity
Dr. Greco is conducting a study with military veterans from the Vietnam and Gulf Wars. He plans to evaluate them every year for 10 years to see if those with posttraumatic stress disorder have a more pronounced decline in mental abilities and overall memory. This is a(n) _____ study.
longitudinal
Chanice is 12 years old. When she woke up this morning she noticed blood on her bed. This has never happened before. Chanice is experiencing:
menarche
_____ is to a girl's sexual development as spermarche is to a boy's sexual development.
menarche
During middle adulthood, one major physical change for women is, which is often preceded by a decrease in estrogen production and a reduction in the size of the uterus.
menopause
When a woman stops ovulating and becomes incapable of reproduction, she experiences _____.
menopause
Physical exercise in adulthood encourages the birth of new neurons in areas responsible for learning and memory. MOST specifically, therefore, exercise facilitates _____ in the _____.
neurogenesis hippocampus
A recent survey indicated that two-thirds of same-sex couples met:
online
Which of the following is a psychological factor that helps people flourish in later life?
optimistic outlook
For most adolescents, the MOST important people in their lives are their:
peers
Harry Harlow and his colleagues completed a number of studies in which baby macaque monkeys were raised with two artificial surrogate mothers. One of the mothers was made of wire, and the other was made of soft cloth. Either mother could provide food. Harlow found that when the infant monkeys were startled or frightened, they:
preferred the cloth surrogate, even if it provided no food.
At 19, Celia is beginning to plan for her future. She no longer lives for the moment. She wants to become a doctor, so she knows she has buckle down in school. Celia's neurons have probably started to _____.
prune
Seventy-year-old Barbara has been asked to memorize a series of 30 words. She is likely to perform similar to young adults if asked to do which of the following?
recognize the words
According to the textbook, online communities provide teens with a space to explore their identities. In Erikson's terms, online communities may therefore counteract __ among adolescents.
role confusion
Laurent is 16 years old and is trying different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by his son's pairing of shirts and pants, earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Laurent is in the stage of development called identity versus _____.
role confusion
Laurent is 16-years old and is trying different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by his son's pairing of shirts and pants, the earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Laurent is in the stage of development called identity vs. _____.
role confusion
One of the important tasks of adolescence is to , that is, to find a sense of self based on values, beliefs, and goals.
search for identity
Marc is driving his 12-year-old car. He notices a sound coming from the engine, which involves _____ processing. He immediately starts thinking that the sound is similar to the sound his car made the last time he had it repaired, which involves _____ processing.
sensation, perception
While playing golf, James forgets that his sunglasses are on top of his head. As the day goes on, he forgets that he placed them there. This demonstrates the process of:
sensory adaptation
Two Transportation Security Administration officers are scanning bags at the airport. One of the officers lets a bag go through, but the other officer yells, "Wait, didn't you see that?" Why one officer saw a weapon and the other did not is BEST explained by:
signal detection theory
The culturally preferred timing of events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement is known as the _____ clock.
social
Which of the following is a social-cultural factor that helps people flourish in later life?
support from family and friends
Characteristic differences in behavioral patterns and emotional reactions make up a person's:
temperament
Men experience a gradual decline in sperm count, _____, and speed of erection and ejaculation.
testosterone level
Behaviorism
the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
The phrase "THE CAT" appears in block letters as part of an advertising slogan on a billboard. The "A" and "H" are actually nearly identical in the stylized font that is used. However, the context of the words in the which the letters appear encourages readers to perceive the arrangement of three line segments as completely different letters in each case. This example reflects_____ processing.
top down
According to the textbook, "gender roles can be acquired through observational learning." This means that gender roles may be acquired through:
watching others
Which of the following declines in later life?
-visual sharpness -muscle strength -auditory levels
28 An inversion that includes the centromere is called _____. A) pericentric B) paracentric C) Robertsonian D) lethal
A
How are critical and sensitive periods related?
A critical period is a type of sensitive period.
adolescence
Caitlyn is 16 years old. She is in the midst of puberty. Caitlyn is in what stage of development?
The language acquisition device (LAD) is associated with:
Chomsky.
menarche
Nyla is 11 years old and has breast buds and visible pubic hair. What physical change is likely to happen next?
sexual
Puberty is the period of _____maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.
__________is the weakest sense in newborns.
Sight
All of the following are true about death and dying EXCEPT:
Terminally ill and bereaved people go through predictable stages of grief, such as denial before anger.
Does fertility decline in men?
Yes, fertility declines in men around age 50.
Research has shown that American couples who live together before marriage have had higher rates of _____.
divorce
basic research
pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
Seventy-year-old Barbara has been asked to memorize a series of 30 words. She is likely to perform similar to a young adult if she is asked to:
recognize the words
Psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
critical thinking
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
frontal lobes are not fully developed.
"Teens are less guilty by reason of adolescence" because their:
The nucleus of a human cell contains
23 pairs of chromosomes
When does sexual desire decrease? (around what ages)
75-80
Functionalism
A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Whereas the study of attachment style is associated with __, the study of parenting style is associated with ___.
Ainsworth; Baumrind
8 The schematic map of a chromosome is called a(n) _____. A) karyotype B) ideogram C) anagram D) chromogram
B
17 A triploid human karyotype has how many chromosomes? A) 23 B) 46 C) 69 D) 92
C
a sense of purpose.
Gerard just celebrated his 25th anniversary at the company and was given a gold watch. He feels that this gold watch is just a meaningless trinket and is glad that he is able to balance his work with family life. According to Erik Erikson, Gerard is probably feeling:
Structuralism
a method of interpretation and analysis of aspects of human cognition, behavior, culture, and experience that focuses on relationships of contrast between elements in a conceptual system that reflect patterns underlying a superficial diversity.
Derwood is 8 years old and likes to do art projects at school. However, the projects he has completed so far haven't received good grades, and in several instances his friends have laughed at the things he has done. Based on Erikson's theory, Derwood may develop:
a sense of inferiority.
Childhood is to adolescence as concrete images are to _____ ideas.
abstract
concrete images are to abstract ideas.
concrete images are to abstract ideas.
Kevin is a tall and popular 16-year old. He is also starting to use alcohol. It is likely that Kevin matured at a(n) _____ age.
early
Mike is 25 years old and just graduated from college. What stage of development is he in?
early adulthood
Teens are less guilty by reason of adolescence because their:
frontal lobes are not fully developed.
Bernice is 62. She is in a life stage known as _____ adulthood.
middle
June is 56 years old and is in _____ adulthood.
middle
Compared with Piaget, Vygotsky placed ______emphasis on the ________ foundations of cognitive development.
more; social
Kohlberg's theory of moral development MOST closely reflects:
piagets theory
Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) _____ morality.
preconventional
The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by Erik Erikson's _____ development theory.
psychosocial
At Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning, moral decisions are based on:
self-interest.
Physical exercise in adulthood does NOT:
shorten telomeres
An individual who seeks or undergoes a social transition to the other gender is called:
transsexual
Barry is 65 years old and is worried that he will catch a cold that could escalate to something worse due to his age. What should you tell Barry?
"Don't worry too much. Older adults are less susceptible to short-term ailments because they have more antibodies than younger adults."
According to the Center for Disease Control, approximately, _________ of adolescents girls are infected with at least one sexually transmitted disease.
25%
According to the Centers for Disease Control, approximately ______________ of _______adolescent girls are infected with at least one sexually transmitted disease.
25%
Young children show gender-specific toy preferences when they are as young as:
3 to 8 months.
Approximately _______ of babies have an easy temperament.
40%
16 In nondisjunction, which parent leads to the sex chromosome aneuploid XYY? A) mother B) father C) either parent D) both parents
B
21 How many chromosomes does a person with Edward syndrome have? A) 45 B) 46 C) 47 D) 48
C
26 Consider the following normal sequence of genes: a b c d e f g h. The sequence a b f e d c g h represents a(n) _____. A) deletion B) duplication C) inversion D) translocation
D
conventional
Eric is 17 years old and has decided to volunteer at Buddy Ball this summer, helping disabled children play baseball. Eric knows that this will look good on his college applications. He is probably in the _____ stage of moral development.
Jason is 16 years old. One day he has blonde hair; the next day it is green. One day he looks goth and the next he looks like a jock. He recently asked his parents if he could get a tattoo. Should Jason's parents be worried?
No, this is just Jason trying to find his identity.
hypothetical reasoning
Paulette is 15 years old. She has stopped going to church with her family because she does not agree with everything the church preaches. She doesn't understand how her parents still go every weekend when they don't always practice their religion during the week. By seeing the hypocrisy in her parents' lives, Paulette has become capable of: _____.
__________________ further develop during adolescence. These changes are associated with reproductive organs, such as the maturation of ovaries, uterus, penis, and testes.
Primary sex characteristics
postconventional
Robin is 17 years old and has decided to volunteer for Habitat for Humanity this summer because she wants to give back to people who are not as fortunate as she is. Robin has probably reached the _____ stage of moral development.
Cross- _____ studies compare people of different ages with one another.
Sectional
Teen impulsivity is to late-maturing frontal lobes as old-age bluntness is to frontal lobe _____.
atrophy
Teen impulsivity is to late-maturing frontal lobes as old-age _____ is to frontal lobe atrophy.
bluntness
Two weeks after conception, the developing fertilized egg is called a(n):
embryo
At Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning, moral decisions are based on:
external consequences.
Shannon is 15 years old. She has stopped going to church with her family. She does not agree with everything the church preaches. She doesn't understand how her parents still go every weekend, when they don't always practice their religion during the week. Shannon has become able to see the _____ in her parents' lives.
hypocrisy
In Erikson's view, adolescent development is largely defined by the search for:
identity
Keith is 16 years old and is trying different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by his son's pairing of shirts and pants, the earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Keith is in the stage of development called _____ versus role confusion.
identity
According to Erik Erikson, older adults can MOST effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of _____.
integrity
According to Erik Erikson, older adults can MOST effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of ______.
integrity
Mike is 68 years old and is sitting in his recliner reflecting on the mistakes he made in his life as well as the dreams that went unfulfilled. According to Erik Erikson, Mike is in the stage of development called:
integrity vs. despair.
The outdated term "hermaphrodite" has been replaced by the term:
intersexual
With respect to adolescence, biology determines:
its beginning, but not its end.
The years after age 65 are known as _____ adulthood.
late
Judith just turned 65. What stage of adult development is she entering?
late adulthood
A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every three years is conducting a(n) _____ study.
longitudinal
Dawn is a graduate student investigating the development of fine motor skills. She selects one group of children and assesses their fine motor skills every 6 months over a 2-year period. In this example, Dawn is using a __ research design.
longitudinal
Dr. Faircloth is conducting a study of military veterans from the Vietnam and Gulf Wars. He plans to evaluate them every year for 10 years to see if those with PTSD have a more pronounced decline in mental abilities and overall memory. This is a _____ study.
longitudinal
Psychologists use the term ___to refer to the patterns of physical, cognitive, and socioemotional change occurring throughout life.
maturation
Frontal lobe development during adolescence also includes the growth of _____, the fatty tissue around axons that speeds transmission.
myelin
Heredity versus environment is another of way of referring to the ______ debate.
nature versus nurture
Dementia is now referred to as a(n) _____ disorder.
neurocognitive
A series of small strokes that progressively damage an older adult's brain is MOST likely to produce:
neurocognitive disorder
Jeannette is in her mid-seventies and is in remarkably good health. If she were to worry about getting sick, she should probably worry MOST about:
pneumonia
applied research
research undertaken to solve a specific problem
Baby Hannah automatically turns her head in the direction of a touch on the cheek. This is the __ reflex; it helps an infant to ___________
rooting; obtain food
Jenny has a great job, a cat named Jake, and 31 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right man." She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. Most likely Jenny is:
struggling with intimacy issues.
Tips of chromosomes are called _____.
telomeres
The physical features not associated with reproduction, but that become more distinct during adolescence, are known as
secondary sex characteristics.
Children are considered to be fluent in their native language by the time they are years of age.
5-6
Culture
Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.
6 Heterochromatic regions at the ends of chromosomes are called _____. A) centromeres B) euchromatin C) telomeres D) satellites
C
At 19, Celia is beginning to plan for her future. She no longer lives for the moment. She wants to become a doctor, so she knows she has buckle down in school. What is probably happening to Celia?
Her frontal lobes are growing.
Research participants are presented with the following scenario: "There is a runaway trolley headed for five people. All will certainly be killed unless you push a larger stranger onto the tracks, where he will die as his body stops the trolley. Will you push him?" What are the likely results to this question?
Most will say no.
Dianne feels overwhelmed. She helps her adult daughter regularly with finances and caring for her grandchildren. She is also the primary caregiver of both her aging mother and her father-in-law. She feels like she never has a minute to herself. Dianne can be referred to as being in the _____ generation.
Sanwich
SQ3R
a study method incorporating five steps: Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review
humanistic psychology
an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings
According to Mary Ainsworth, a child with ambivalent attachment will:
continue to show signs of distress when the mother returns after a brief absence.
_____ studies restudy and retest the same people over a long period of time
longitudinal
Donna's parents divorced when she was a little girl. Her mother works two jobs and they eat a lot of fast food. It is likely that Donna will:
mature at an earlier age.
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, the majority of children younger than age 9 have a _____ morality.
preconventional
Preconventional moral reasoning is to conventional moral reasoning as _____ is to _____.
self-interest; social relationships
_____ is the process by which we detect physical energy in the environment and encode that energy as neural signals.
sensation
_____ stimulation occurs below your absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
subliminal
Belle was admitted to hospice care several weeks before her ninetieth birthday. She remarked at least once that she "just wanted to make 90." Belle died 2 days after a small family celebration of her birthday at her bedside. This vignette BEST illustrates:
the death deferral phenomenon
Ethel loves to talk about when she and her husband first were married. She has so many stories about their struggles and accomplishments. This is common, as older adults tend to remember:
things that happened during their teens and twenties well
Martin was 25 years old when he moved to a new city. It is highly likely that when Martin is in late adulthood, this will be a vivid memory for him. This is because older adults tend to remember:
things that happened during their teens and twenties well.
Kohlberg's theory of moral development MOST closely reflects:
Erikson's stage theory of psychosocial development
3 The structure associated with the centromere that contacts the spindle fibers during mitosis is the _____. A) alpha satellite repeat B) subtelomere C) euchromatin D) kinetochore
D
Sensory adaptation can be defined as:
diminished sensitivity as a result of repeated stimulation.
A recent survey indicated that 25 percent of heterosexual couples met:
online
Faruq believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ______ morality.
postconventional
Rhonda is currently attending preschool. According to Piaget, Rhonda is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.
preoperational
Piaget used the word ____to refer to a collection of ideas that functions as a basic unit of understanding.
schema
John is a star basketball player on the high school team. He is very tall. He is also very popular with both boys and girls. John is MOST likely to be:
sexually active.
To most people the sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive that they immediately recognize it as immoral. This best illustrates that moral judgments may possibly reflect:
unconscious decision making.
identity
Alexia is 16 years old. One day she has blonde hair; the next day it is blue. One day she looks "goth" and the next she looks like a hippie. She recently asked her parents if she could get a nose ring. Alexia is probably trying to find her _____.
14 An individual with two normal sets of autosomes and a single X chromosome has _____. A) Down syndrome B) Patau syndrome C) Turner syndrome D) Klinefelter syndrome
C
Chromosomes are molecules of:
DNA
Ideally, older adults believe that their lives have had meaning and purpose. That is, they feel a sense of:
Integrity
Frontal
_____ lobe development during adolescence includes the growth of myelin, the fatty tissue around axons that speeds transmission.
community psychology
a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
testing effect
enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information
According to Jonathan Haidt, moral intuition is associated with _____ first, followed by _____ second.
feelings; reasoning
In Piaget's theory, the process of fitting new experiences into existing schemas is called_______. The process of restructuring ideas to make room for new information is called _______.
sensorimotor> preoperational > concrete operational > formal operational
Which sequence accurately reflects the order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, from birth through adolescence?
sensorimotor> preoperational > concrete operational > formal operational
Charlie has high blood pressure and diabetes. His physician has prescribed medications to treat his conditions. However, Charlie often forgets to take his medication. What could he do to help remember to take his medication on time? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. use mnemonics
write a note to himself
formal operational
Following the death of a local teenager, Melissa came to believe that the teen had been profiled as a potential threat because he was African-American. She decided to join in the protests and actively engaged in public demonstrations in her community and high school. Melissa has entered which stage of development, according to Piaget?
sex
Jerry is a star basketball player on the high school team. He is very tall. He is also very popular with both boys and girls. Jerry is more likely to experiment with _____.
road construction; brake pedal
The selective pruning of unused neurons and connections in the adolescent brain are to _______ as adolescent impulsivity and risk taking are to an absent _______.
In Kubler-Ross's theory, acceptance of death is most immediately preceded by:
depression.
Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.
postconventional
During the Vietnam War, Michael moved from the United States to Canada to avoid the draft. He didn't want to go to war because he was afraid he might be killed or seriously injured. Michael's reasons for not going to war reflect Kohlberg's____________ moral reasoning.
preconventional
Jarrell thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrell demonstrates a _____ morality.
preconventional
A teacher who pushes children to go just beyond what they are competent and comfortable doing is using:
scaffolding
cognitive neuroscience
the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)
nature-nurture issue
the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture
positive psychology
the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive
According to Erikson, the first stage of a child's psychosocial development is the ______________ stage.
trust versus mistrust
18 Nondisjunction of chromosome 21 during meiosis II in human females can result in all of the following chromosome complements in a zygote except _____. (Assume the oocyte is fertilized by a sperm with a normal chromosome set.) A) no chromosome 21 B) euploid for chromosome 21 C) monosomic for chromosome 21 D) trisomic for chromosome 21
A
frontal lobes
At 19, Abbey is beginning to plan for her future. She wants to become a doctor, so she knows she has buckle down in school. Most likely, Abbey's _____ are developing.
20 Approximately ____ percent of spontaneous abortions result from extra or missing chromosomes. A) 10 B) 25 C) 50 D) 75
C
clinical psychology
a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
biopsychosocial approach
an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis
Sixteen-year-old Michael begins growing a marijuana plant in a corner of his family's garden. His stepfather asks him to remove it because it is illegal. In Kohlberg's terms, Michael's stepfather is demonstrating _____ reasoning.
conventional
Dennis, a nurse, notes that some parents of asthmatic children respond to very small changes in their children's breathing and seek care accordingly. However, other parents do not notice the same small changes. This type of difference in reaction to stimuli is BEST explained by:
signal detection theory
23 In a(n) ____, the short arm of two acrocentric chromosomes break, and the long arms join forming a single large chromosome with two long arms. A) Robertsonian translocation B) reciprocal translocation C) inversion D) duplication
A
Empirical Approach
A study conducted via careful observations and scientifically based research.
intimacy with others.
According to Erik Erikson, one positive outcome of the struggle for identity is a comfortable sense of who one is and a developing capacity for:
1 The field of genetics that studies the relationship between chromosome variations and specific traits is called _____. A) Mendelian genetics B) cytogenetics C) quantitative genetics D) behavioral genetics
B
2 A(n) ____ chromosome has its centromere near a tip so that it has one long arm and one very short arm. A) metacentric B) submetacentric C) acrocentric D) None of the above
C
25 When chromatids divide along the wrong plane, structures with identical arms called ____ are formed. A) ring chromosomes B) translocations C) isochromosomes D) satellites
C
postconventional
Critics have argued that Kohlberg's _____ stage is culturally defined because it seems to appear mostly among people who prize individualism.
29 A couple seeks testing and counseling after they have a child with cystic fibrosis. Testing reveals that the mother is a carrier, but the father is not. How can these results be explained? A) The man tested is not the biological father. B) A mutation altered the child's normal allele. C) Uniparental disomy (from the mother). D) All are possible explanations; additional testing is needed.
D
32 The tips of chromosomes contain repeated sequences that shorten with each mitotic division. These regions are called _____. A) p arms B) centromeres C) q arms D) telomeres
D
Stephanie is 33 years old. She has a full-time career and is not married. She does not have any children. Stephanie's grandmother keeps asking her when she will get married and have children, insisting that Stephanie should be married and a mother by now. She also insists that Stephanie should not focus on her career because once she is married she should not be working. Stephanie's grandmother is referring to the _____ clock of her generation.
Social
As compared with the adult brain, the newborn's brain has________ neurons.
about the same number of
A teratogen is:
an environmental agent that can produce a birth defect.
Even though all her friends tried marijuana and cocaine in the 1980s, Monica refused to experiment with drugs because it is against the law. Based on Kohlberg's theory, Monica's reasons for refusing drugs reflect _____ moral reasoning.
conventional
Mark is a graduate student who is studying identity formation. He interviews a group of 5- year-olds, a group of 10-year-olds, and a group of 15-year-olds, and asks them what they plan to be when they finish school. In this example, Mark is using a __ research design
cross-sectional
The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting a study of older adults (30 to 75 years of age) regarding memory and response time in relation to timed tasks. They are bringing in all age groups at once to compare the differences. This is a(n) _____ study.
cross-sectional
Jody is completing a test in which she has to name as many state capitals as she can in 1 minute. Aditi is trying to complete analogies between pairs of abstract diagrams. Jody is completing a test of ___________intelligence, whereas Aditi is completing a test of ________________ intelligence.
crystallized; fluid
During adolescence, brain development proceeds relatively slowly in the _______ lobe, a region implicated in self-regulation.
frontal
_____ lobe development during adolescence also includes the growth of myelin, the fatty tissue around axons that speeds transmission.
frontal
Madison has a job, a cat named Morris, and 32 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the right man. She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. According to Erik Erikson, Madison is in the stage of development called _____ versus isolation.
intimacy
Jenny has a job, a cat named Jake, and 31 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right man." She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. According to Erik Erikson, Jenny is in the stage of development called:
intimacy vs. isolation.
Jenny has a job, a cat named Jake, and 31 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right man." She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. According to Erik Erikson, Jenny is in the stage of development called intimacy vs. _____.
isolation
A research team has followed a large sample of men from their college graduation in 1955 through their retirement, trying to understand better how their cognitive abilities change over time. They interview and test these men once every 5 years. This would be considered a:
longitudinal method
Pearl is 56 years old and is in _____ adulthood.
middle
Juanita is 56 years old. She is in which stage of adult development?
middle adulthood
According to the text, physical exercise in late adulthood encourages the birth of new neurons in areas responsible for learning and memory. In other words, exercise facilitates ________ in the ________.
neurogenesis; hippocampus
Gavin has brown hair and green eyes. He is outgoing and a risk-taker, and he excels at his job as a financial analyst. All of these observable traits are part of his:
phenotype
Jeannette is in her mid-seventies and she is in remarkably good health. If she were to worry about getting sick, she should probably worry MOST about:
pneumonia
The number of words young children hear at home is ____ correlated with family income.
positively
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, those who develop an abstract level of reasoning wherein they perceive basic ethical principles and the moral good as more important than their own self, have developed what is known as _____ morality.
postconventional
Thirteen-year-old Ariana is getting more involved in risky behaviors, which has her mother very worried. Ariana is also more impulsive and emotionally volatile than she used to be. What is the most likely explanation for Ariana's behavior?
pubertal hormonal surge and limbic system development
André is starting to notice facial hair and hair under his arms. His voice also seems to be deepening. He is noticing changes in _____ sex characteristics.
secondary
The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting a study of older adults (30 to 75 years of age) regarding memory and response time in relation to timed tasks. They are bringing in all age groups at once to compare the differences. This is a(n) cross-_____ study.
sectional
For older people, which of these is easiest to remember?
skills
It would be harder for a person in late adulthood to win a game of Jeopardy because it:
takes longer to react
"All gone milk," says 2-year-old Wesley, placing the empty glass on the table. Wesley's remark exemplifies the language acquisition phenomenon called:
telegraphic speech.
levels of analysis
the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon
Cognitive Psychology
the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
evolutionary psychology
the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection
behavior genetics
the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
Physical changes during middle adulthood include declines in hearing, eyesight, and height. Research suggests which of the following can help limit the shrinking process?
physical exercise
Critical periods suggest that:
they are a type of sensitive period of development, during which "certain capacities are readily shaped or altered by experience"
The period of adolescence is lengthening in industrialized cultures such as in Europe, the United States, and Australia. Adolescents are taking more time to finish their education and establish careers. The average age for a first marriage in the United States is now 29 for men and _______ for women.
27
Clay has always had a strong sexual desire for his wife. Recently, though, his desire has reduced. What age range is Clay likely in?
75-80
31 The centromere generally divides the chromosome into a ____ p arm and a ____ q arm. A) shorter; longer B) longer; shorter
A
33 ____ cells have extra or missing chromosomes, while ____ cells contain a normal number of chromosomes. A) Aneuploid; euploid B) Polyploid; autosomal C) Autosomal; polyploid D) Euploid; aneuploid
A
Of these people, who is expected to show the MOST severe grief? A. Melanie, whose husband died suddenly in a car accident B. Quinn, who lost her longtime but never married companion from a debilitating life condition C. Cary, whose wife died of cancer after a 20-year battle D Lucy, whose husband died of cancer after a 20-year battle
A
natural selection
A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.
Your grandmother is in her early eighties and is beginning to seem frail. Which of these are you likely to notice about her abilities? A. Her hearing, distance perception, and sense of smell are diminishing. B. Her hearing and sight are diminishing, but her stamina and sense of smell remain strong. C. Her muscle strength is decreasing, but all of her sensory abilities seem to be going strong. D. Her visual sharpness is decreasing, but her stamina remains unchanged.
A.
According to recent research, one primary cause of Alzheimer's disease seems to be deterioration of neurons that produce the neurotransmitter _____.
ACh (acetylcholine)
formal operations
According to Piaget, when adolescents are able to reason abstractly, they have reached the _____ stage of cognitive development.
postconventional
Amath has decided to volunteer for Habitat for Humanity this summer because he wants to give back to people who are not as fortunate as he is. Amath has probably reached the _____ stage of moral development.
11 Which of the following procedures uses fetal cells that are obtained from the mother's bloodstream? A) amniocentesis B) fetal cell sorting C) chorionic villus sampling D) fluorescence in situ hybridization
B
34 ____ is a common cause of aneuploidy resulting in a gamete with one extra chromosome and another gamete with one missing chromosome. A) Chromosome pairing B) Nondisjunction C) Segregation D) Replication
B
4 ____ contains more protein-encoding sequences than ____. A) Heterochromatin; euchromatin B) Euchromatin; heterochromatin C) Pericentric inversions; aneuploids D) Aneuploids; pericentric inversions
B
9 An individual with the chromosomal description 45, X would be a _____. A) normal female B) female with Turner syndrome C) male with Klinefelter syndrome D) Cannot be determined
B
All of these are difficult for older adults EXCEPT: A. memorizing nonsense syllables b. vocabulary c. recalling words d. time-based tasks
B
Which statement is false about death and dying? A. Parents who have lost a child had higher rates of psychiatric hospitalization compared to parents who did not suffer this type of loss. B. Terminally ill and bereaved people go through predictable stages of grief, such as denial before anger. C. Self-help groups provide support but the passage of time also helps. D. Those who express the strongest grief immediately do not progress through their grief more quickly.
B
Which statement is true regarding the so-called midlife transition during the forties? A.Divorce becomes common. B.People realize life is mostly behind them. C. Most men experience a crisis. D Distress peaks for men and women.
B
John is 58 years old and is worried about Alzheimer's disease. He asks what he can do to prevent it. You give him this advice. A. brain scan B. keep your mind active C.check your sense of smell D. take a genetic test
B.
19 About 90% of trisomy 21 Down conceptions are due to nondisjunction during _____. A) meiosis I in the female B) meiosis II in the female C) meiosis I in the male D) meiosis II in the male
C
30 A chromosome is ____ if the centromere divides it into two arms of approximately equal length. A) telocentric B) submetacentric C) metacentric D) acrocentric
C
