PSYCH CH 14

By 2020, experts project that _____ of children at 30 years of age will still have living grandparents. 40% 60% 80% 20%

80%

Roughly, what percentage of adults responded that adults have a duty to care for their aging parents? 50% 30% 80% 90%

80%

Why are middle-aged adults sometimes described as the "sandwich" generation? Because they must attend to their children as well as their careers Because they are in the middle stage of adulthood between young and older adulthood. Because they must balance life goals, including hobbies and their career goals. Because they must care for their adolescent and young adult children as well as their aging parents

Because they must care for their adolescent and young adult children as well as their aging parents

Which of the following methods did George Vaillant employ in his longitudinal studies? Laboratory observation Naturalistic observation Extensive interviews Numerous assessments

Extensive interviews Numerous assessments

Which of the following responses was the MOST common reason men cited for initiating a divorce? Falling out of love Weight gain of spouse Spouse's lack of adequate income Lack of sex

Falling out of love

which theorist asserted that midlife is not a crisis for most people? George Vaillant Erik Erikson Daniel Levinson Paul Costa

George Vaillant

Which of the following is one of the three longitudinal studies conducted by George Vaillant? Baltimore Study Grant Study Berkeley Longitudinal Studies Mills College study

Grant Study

in which TWO of the following areas are parents and their adult children most similar? Work orientation Lifestyle Politics Gender roles Religion

Politics Religion

According to Erikson, which of the following are ways in which middle-aged adults can develop generativity? cultural generativity biological generativity narcissistic generativity work generativity

cultural generativity biological generativity work generativity

When parents experience a sharp drop in marital satisfaction after adult children leave the home, this is known as ____________ _________ syndrome.

empty nest

The big five factors of personality can be condensed into the acronym OCEAN. It includes all of the following personality factors, EXCEPT ______. conscientiousness neuroticism agreeableness excitability openness

excitability

In middle adulthood, affectionate or companionate love increases. This form of love includes the qualities of ______. mutual emotional interest physical attraction passion loyalty security

mutual emotional interest loyalty security

Recent studies revealed that middle-aged adults were ______ their counterparts in late adulthood to view their relationships with indifference or ambivalence. equally likely as half as likely as more likely than less likely than

more likely than

According to Levinson, which of the following ages most closely corresponds to the point in adulthood when a person enters the phase of Becoming One's Own Man (BOOM)? 44 22 38 50

38

According to Levinson, how long does the transition to middle adulthood last? 5 years 2 years 1 year 6 months

5 years

accrding to Levinson, which of the following is NOT a major conflict that an adult male must come to terms with during the transition to middle adulthood? Being masculine versus being feminine Being young versus being old Being ambitious versus being satisfied with life as it stands Being destructive versus being constructive

Being ambitious versus being satisfied with life as it stands

The ______ study found little to support the view that personality universally changes or remains stable from early adolescence through a portion of midlife. Mills College Vaillant Baltimore Berkeley

Berkeley

in an AARP survey of 40- to 79-year-olds who were divorced at least once in their 40s, 50s, or 60s, which of the following was the MAIN reason they stayed married as long as they did before divorcing? Children Waiting for a better relationship option Economics Prior investment in the relationship

Children

Who among the following groups of adult children are most likely to provide social support for their older parents? Children who had unresolved or difficult relationships with their parents early in life Children who grew up in divorced households Children who were given more financial support by parents earlier in their lives Children who spent more time in shared activities with their parents

Children who were given more financial support by parents earlier in their lives Children who spent more time in shared activities with their parents

According to recent research, which of the Big Five factors of personality showed a continuous increase from early adulthood to late adulthood? Extraversion Openness Conscientiousness Neuroticism

Conscientiousness

The view that adults experience a midlife crisis was espoused by George Vaillant. Shelley Taylor. Daniel Levinson. Carol Ryff.

Daniel Levinson.

According to Levinson, a person between the ages of 28 and 33 is faced with which of the following tasks? Finding intimacy Creating a dream for one's life Reaching stability in a career Determining life goals

Determining life goals

According to Levinson, what are the two major tasks to be mastered in early adulthood? Finding intimacy in one's relationships Becoming a generative person in society Establishing oneself in the community Developing a stable life structure Exploring the possibilities for adult living

Developing a stable life structure Exploring the possibilities for adult living

Which of the following statements about divorce in middle adulthood is FALSE? A large number of women reported that verbal, physical, or emotional abuse was the reason they divorced in middle adulthood. Divorced women report more concern about financial issues than men. Staying married until the children are old enough is a main reason that couples don't divorce until middle adulthood. Divorce is more positive in every respect for adults in middle adulthood than for those in early adulthood.

Divorce is more positive in every respect for adults in middle adulthood than for those in early adulthood.

Which of the following are criticisms about Levinson's Seasons of a Man's Life? He drew conclusions about early adulthood, without actually studying anyone in that age range. He relied too heavily on statistical analysis, which obscures individual variations in the data. He only studied men, but claims his results apply to women as well. He did not conduct interviews himself, but relied only on published interviews by others.

He drew conclusions about early adulthood, without actually studying anyone in that age range. He only studied men, but claims his results apply to women as well.

Which of the following statements about grandparenting and longevity are TRUE? The number of adult children with living grandparents is expected to plateau in the next 20 years. In 1900, only 4% of 10-year-olds had four living grandparents. In 2000, 40% of 10-year-olds had four living grandparents. The current trend in delaying childbearing is likely to offset the increasing longevity of grandparents somewhat.

In 1900, only 4% of 10-year-olds had four living grandparents. In 2000, 40% of 10-year-olds had four living grandparents. The current trend in delaying childbearing is likely to offset the increasing longevity of grandparents somewhat.

George Vaillant performed longitudinal studies of adult development and aging on which THREE of the following groups? Wealthy socialite women born about 1920 Middle-SES, intellectually gifted women born about 1910 Socially advantaged Harvard graduates born about 1920 Socially disadvantaged inner-city men born about 1930

Middle-SES, intellectually gifted women born about 1910 Socially advantaged Harvard graduates born about 1920 Socially disadvantaged inner-city men born about 1930

According to Vaillant, which of the following behaviors at age 50 were linked to reaching 80 in a good place? Having a high income or being independently wealthy Not smoking or abusing alcohol Mature adaptations and quality education Stable marriage Healthy weight and exercise

Not smoking or abusing alcohol Mature adaptations and quality education Stable marriage Healthy weight and exercise

Because many middle-aged adults today are responsible for their children as well as for their aging parents, what names are given to this generation? Overload Sandwich Bridge Squeezed

Overload Sandwich Squeezed

Following the "Grant Study," Vaillant concluded that which of the following is the main focus of a person in his/her forties? Reassessing and recording the truth about the adolescent and adulthood years Establishing intimacy Coming to terms with the midlife crisis experienced in the mid-thirties Becoming a generative member of a family and community

Reassessing and recording the truth about the adolescent and adulthood years

Which of the following are criticisms about Levinson's Seasons of a Man's Life? Respondents may have distorted memories or forget parts of their past. Levinson did not actually interview people but instead based his conclusions on personal observations. Levinson's work included no statistical analysis. The original Levinson data included no females.

Respondents may have distorted memories or forget parts of their past. Levinson's work included no statistical analysis. The original Levinson data included no females

Which TWO theorists conducted the Baltimore Study using a five-factor personality test? George Vaillant Robert McCrae Paul Costa Daniel Levinson

Robert McCrae Paul Costa

Which research project studied more than 500 children and their parents in the 1920s and early 1930s and then again as they entered midlife, resulting in the book Present and Past in Middle Life? The Grant Study The Baltimore Study The Berkeley Longitudinal Studies The Mills College Study

The Berkeley Longitudinal Studies

What was the name of Daniel Levinson's report on his extensive interviews with middle-aged men? The Seasons of a Man's Life The Baltimore Study Seasons of Male Crisis Becoming One's Own Man

The Seasons of a Man's Life

Which of the following are drawbacks of the contemporary life-events approach? The life-events approach doesn't account for the impact of daily stressful experiences on development. The life-events approach does not recognize the stability of adult development. Major life events have not been statistically proven to have an impact on development. The life-events approach places too much emphasis on change.

The life-events approach doesn't account for the impact of daily stressful experiences on development. The life-events approach does not recognize the stability of adult development. The life-events approach places too much emphasis on change.

Which of the following is NOT a belief attributed to the contemporary life-events approach? The impact of life events on development depends on a person's ability to adapt and cope. The impact of life events depends on the sociohistorical context of the event. The stress of life events alone influences a person's development. Life events are mediated by things like physical health and family supports.

The stress of life events alone influences a person's development.

True or false. In their Baltimore Study, Costa and McCrae found relative stability in the big five factors of personality across adulthood; however, recent studies have found greater variability over the course of the life span. True False

True

True or false: It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood. True False

True

Which of the following are some of the main reasons middle-aged and older women gave for initiating a divorce? Financial inadequacy Verbal, physical, or emotional abuse Alcohol or drug abuse Cheating

Verbal, physical, or emotional abuse Alcohol or drug abuse Cheating

According to Erikson, what causes people to feel stagnation in life? When they believe they have done nothing for the next generation When they choose not to have children because of overpopulation When they devote too much time to too many life pursuits When they do not progress in their career goals

When they believe they have done nothing for the next generation

George Vaillant asserted that ______ experience a midlife crisis. most men and women a majority of men a minority of people most men, but few women

a minority of people

the ____________ Longitudinal Studies profiled more than 500 children and their parents in the 1920s and early 1930s and then again as they entered midlife, resulting in the book Present and Past in Middle Life.

berkeley

Research indicates that personality ______ throughout adulthood, but there is greater ______ in personality during middle adulthood. changes; stability declines; stability grows; instability changes; instability

changes; stability

The majority of sibling relationships in middle adulthood can be described as ______. distant ambivalent close rivalrous

close

Romantic love tends to be stronger in early adulthood, while ______ love tends to be stronger in middle adulthood. empty companionate passionate fatuous

companionate

Compared to younger adults, most individuals in midlife who are married voice ______ with their marriages. considerable satisfaction moderate satisfaction moderate dissatisfaction considerable dissatisfaction

considerable satisfaction

Seasons of a Man's Life by Daniel Levinson was based upon the results of ______. a longitudinal study of 40 men and women, ending at the age of 40 naturalistic observation of 40 middle-aged men laboratory testing of 40 middle-aged men and women extensive interviews with 40 middle-aged men

extensive interviews with 40 middle-aged men

Which of the following are part of the Big Five factors of personality? Select all that apply: honesty dependability extraversion openness agreeableness

extraversion openness agreeableness

A limitation of the contemporary life-events approach is that it ______. fails to address daily experiences that may also be a source of stress does not assess support from others focuses too much on stability rather than change in adulthood does not assess the life-stage context of the stressor

fails to address daily experiences that may also be a source of stress

What was the most common response when 40- to 79-year-olds were asked "when you think of who you are, you think mainly of _____?" culture religion family work

family

When men face stress, they are more likely to respond in a ______ pattern, while women are more likely to respond in a ______ pattern. therapy-seeking; friendship-seeking fight or flight; tend and befriend tend and befriend; fight or flight friendship-seeking; therapy-seeking

fight or flight; tend and befriend

According to Erikson, __________occurs in middle adulthood and encompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves.

generativity

When adults work to leave a legacy of themselves to the next generation, they are working toward ______. life satisfaction congruence generativity establishment

generativity

Levinson's The Seasons of a Man's Life supported the notion that men ______. make a smooth transition into middle adulthood go through a single conflict that comprises the midlife crisis go through four major conflicts that comprise a midlife crisis do not experience a midlife crisis

go through four major conflicts that comprise a midlife crisis

George Vaillant used data collected from individuals when they were 50 to predict whether they would end up in which of the following categories? Happy-sick Dead Sad-well Happy-well Sad-sick

happy-well sad-sick dead

Marital satisfaction typically ______ after adult children leave home. decreases does not change increases

increases

Which of the following responses to stress are more common among men than women? isolating themselves drinking engage in comfort eating trying to solve the problem themselves seek therapy seeking out friends

isolating themselves drinking trying to solve the problem themselves

The Baltimore Study by Costa and McCrae assessed ______ in adulthood. attachment personality identity stressors

personality

As adult children become middle-aged, they often develop more ______ perceptions of their parents. conflicting positive negative neutral

positive

Women are more likely than women to react to stress with a tend-and-befriend approach, which can involve ______. aggressive behaviors seeking social alliances social isolation alcohol use

seeking social alliances

The Berkeley studies found that the most stable aspects of personality included all of the following, EXCEPT ______. self-control intellectual orientation openness to new experiences self-confidence

self-control

According to Erikson, ____________develops when middle-aged adults sense they have not done anything for the next generation.

stagnation

Women are more likely than women to react to stress with a ______ approach, which focuses on seeking out social support. tend-or-befriend grieve-or-leave fight-or-flight

tend-or-befriend

The process by which, over time, people become more adept at interacting with the environment and in ways that promote increased stability in personality can be described as ______. identity certainty the cumulative personality model generativity versus stagnation midlife crises

the cumulative personality model

The process by which, over time, people become more adept at interacting with the environment and in ways that promote increased stability in personality can be described as ______. the cumulative personality model identity certainty generativity versus stagnation midlife crises

the cumulative personality model

Olivia is a 19-year-old college student who hopes to be a physician's assistant in a large medical facility. She plans to be married and have two children by the time she turns 30. Levinson would call this ______. the dream generativity congruence the goal-formation period

the dream

The contemporary life-events approach takes into account all of the following, except ______. the type of life event experienced one's physical health the stability of one's personality over time support from family and friends

the stability of one's personality over time