psych ch 6

14. (p. 207) How long does information last in sensory memory? A. A fraction of a second to several seconds B. 30-60 seconds C. 2-3 minutes D. 5 minutes

A. A fraction of a second to several seconds

9. (p. 204) Your roommate Chuck is having difficulty in his chemistry class. He asks you for advice on how to improve his memory of the material. You suggest that rather than trying to memorize the definitions, he should learn the concept by coming up with real-world examples. You tell Chuck to work on making links between new information and everything he already knows. Which of the following memory strategies are you recommending to Chuck? A. Elaboration B. Imagery C. Chunking D. Selective attention

A. Elaboration

37. (p. 212, 214) _____ memory involves the conscious recollection of facts and events whereas, _____ memory involves non-conscious knowledge derived from past experience. A. Explicit/implicit B. Implicit/explicit C. Short-term/long-term D. Long-term/short-term

A. Explicit/implicit

36. (p. 212) Based on the famous case study of H.M., a patient who had severe epilepsy, H.M. underwent surgery that involved removing the hippocampus and a portion of the temporal lobes of both hemispheres in his brain. After the surgery, his epilepsy was cured but his memory was impaired. Which of the following best describes the effect that surgery had on H.M.'s memory? A. H.M. developed an inability to form new memories that outlive working memory. B. H.M. showed major deficits in sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. C. H.M.'s procedural memory suffered the most damage. D. H.M. could not learn new physical tasks.

A. H.M. developed an inability to form new memories that outlive working memory.

31. (p. 211) According to Baddeley's view of the three components of working memory, which of the following contains two separate components: an acoustic code and rehearsal? A. Phonological loop B. Central executive C. Visuo-spatial sketchpad D. Amygdala

A. Phonological loop

49. (p. 215) _____ is the activation of information that people already have in storage to help them remember new information better and faster. A. Priming B. Procedural memory C. Classical conditioning D. Skill memory

A. Priming

3. (p. 203) Attention, deep processing, elaboration, and the use of mental imagery are _____ processes. A. encoding B. storage C. retrieval D. chunking

A. encoding

44. (p. 213) Jillian was in a car accident and sustained a serious head trauma. Since the surgery, she has forgotten her name, career, and other vital information about herself. Yet, she is still able to talk, know what words mean, and have general knowledge about the world, such as what day it is or who currently is the president of the U.S. This behavior suggests that Jillian's _____ is impaired, but her _____ is still functioning. A. episodic memory/semantic memory B. semantic memory/episodic memory C. sensory memory/long-term memory D. declarative memory/nondeclarative memory

A. episodic memory/semantic memory

19. (p. 207) Sensory memory _____. A. holds information acquired through our senses for a brief amount of time B. is a form of short-term memory C. transfers information directly to long-term memory D. is very vague and unclear

A. holds information acquired through our senses for a brief amount of time

22. (p. 208) Short-term memory has a _____ capacity than sensory memory and a _____ duration. A. more limited/longer B. less limited/longer C. larger/shorter D. more limited/shorter

A. more limited/longer

26. (p. 209) Shannon is an excellent student. She rewrites her class notes after each class. Rewriting her notes is a form of _____. A. rehearsal B. priming C. chunking D. imagery

A. rehearsal

18. (p. 207) Although _____ is rich and detailed, we lose the information in it quickly unless we use certain strategies that transfer it into other memory systems. A. sensory memory B. selective memory C. long-term memory D. declarative memory

A. sensory memory

23. (p. 208-209) George Miller's classic research showed that the average capacity of short-term or working memory is between _____ units of information. A. 2 and 7 B. 5 and 9 C. 7 and 12 D. 9 and 12

B. 5 and 9

13. (p. 207) _____ states that memory storage involves three separate systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. A. The dual-code hypothesis B. Atkinson-Shiffrin theory C. Ebbinghaus' curve of forgetting D. Parallel distributed processing (PDP)

B. Atkinson-Shiffrin theory

8. (p. 204) _____ refers to the formation of a number of different connections around a stimulus at any given level of memory encoding. A. Imagery B. Elaboration C. Divided attention D. Sustained attention

B. Elaboration

47. (p. 215, 219) Vince suffered serious brain injury to his cerebellum in a motorcycle accident. What effect will this have on Vince's life? A. He probably won't remember his name. B. He probably won't remember how to ride his motorcycle. C. He probably won't recognize his wife. D. He probably won't remember where he lives.

B. He probably won't remember how to ride his motorcycle.

33. (p. 211) _____ includes the systems involved in procedural memory, classical conditioning, and priming. A. Explicit memory B. Implicit memory C. Episodic memory D. Semantic memory

B. Implicit memory

1. (p. 202) _____ involves retaining information over time. A. Learning B. Memory C. Priming D. Amnesia

B. Memory

15. (p. 207) Which of the following memory systems has a time frame of up to 30 seconds? A. Sensory memory B. Short-term memory C. Long-term memory D. Schemas

B. Short-term memory

29. (p. 210-211) According to Baddeley's view of the three components of working memory, the _____ acts like a supervisor who monitors which information deserves our attention and which we should ignore. A. visuospatial working memory B. central executive C. phonological loop D. amygdala

B. central executive

5. (p. 203) Multitasking is an example of _____. A. mental imagery B. divided attention C. priming D. rehearsal

B. divided attention

50. (p. 215) Priming is a phenomenon that has been found to result in _____. A. impaired explicit memory B. enhanced memory retrieval C. enhanced working memory D. impaired semantic memory

B. enhanced memory retrieval

7. (p. 204) Fifteen-year-old Matt and his father are in an electronics store looking at video game systems. Matt gives his father a complete breakdown of the pros and cons of each of the different video game systems on display. According to research on encoding processes, Matt is able to accurately recall all this information because he _____. A. has shallowly processed this information B. has deeply processed this information C. has processed this information at an intermediate level D. used non-linguistic encoding processes

B. has deeply processed this information

20. (p. 207) When you are asked to recall your first day of kindergarten, you rely on _____, whereas when you are asked to recall the name of a person you just met a few seconds ago, you rely on _____. A. sensory memory/long-term memory B. long-term memory/short-term or working memory C. long-term memory/procedural memory D. semantic memory/long-term memory

B. long-term memory/short-term or working memory

46. (p. 214) Implicit memory, procedural memory, and priming are all part of _____. A. declarative memory B. nondeclarative memory C. episodic memory D. working memory

B. nondeclarative memory

43. (p. 213) Your knowledge of the alphabet and multiplication tables is stored in your _____ memory. A. episodic B. semantic C. autobiographical D. implicit

B. semantic

27. (p. 209) If all of the information on the hard drive of your computer is like long-term memory, then _____, like RAM, is comparable to what you actually have open and active at any given moment. A. semantic memory B. working memory C. declarative memory D. procedural memory

B. working memory

38. (p. 212) Which of the following involves being able to consciously recall information from the past and recite it? A. Sensory memory B. Short-term memory C. Declarative memory D. Nondeclarative memory

C. Declarative memory

21. (p. 208) _____ refers to auditory sensory memory, whereas _____ refers to visual sensory memory. A. Iconic memory/echoic memory B. Declarative memory/nondeclarative memory C. Echoic memory/iconic memory D. Nondeclarative memory/declarative memory

C. Echoic memory/iconic memory

34. (p. 211) Which of the following can be further subdivided into episodic and semantic memory? A. Sensory memory B. Implicit memory C. Explicit memory D. Working memory

C. Explicit memory

45. (p. 214) In which subsystem of long-term memory is your knowledge of how to drive a car and how to ride a bike stored? A. Episodic memory B. Semantic memory C. Nondeclarative (implicit) memory D. Declarative (explicit) memory

C. Nondeclarative (implicit) memory

48. (p. 215) Which of the following involves memory for skills? A. Semantic memory B. Working memory C. Procedural memory D. Schema

C. Procedural memory

10. (p. 205) According to research, which of the following is an effective elaboration technique? A. Thinking of physical characteristics B. Thinking of smells C. Thinking of self-references D. Thinking of sounds

C. Thinking of self-references

41. (p. 213) You go to a hypnotist to help you quit smoking. The hypnotist asks you to remember and describe things that you did differently before you started smoking. Which memory system will you use most to comply with this request? A. Your procedural memory system B. Your permastore memory system C. Your episodic memory system D. Your nondeclarative memory system

C. Your episodic memory system

25. (p. 209) When asked to memorize the 15 letters, C I A C B S A B C F B I I R S, Mary reorganizes them into CIA, CBS, ABC, FBI, and IRS. Mary used the tactic of _____. A. mental structuring B. visual structuring C. chunking D. cueing

C. chunking

6. (p. 204) Elsa is studying for her psychology exam with the TV on in the background. Research on the effects of divided attention suggests that watching TV while studying will _____ Elsa's exam performance. A. slightly increase B. strongly increase C. decrease D. have no effect on

C. decrease

42. (p. 213) Recollections of John's first family vacation to Disneyland are part of John's _____. A. implicit memory B. nondeclarative memory C. episodic memory D. procedural memory

C. episodic memory

16. (p. 207) Information can last up to a lifetime in _____. A. sensory memory B. short-term memory C. long-term memory D. working memory

C. long-term memory

30. (p. 211) According to Baddeley, the _____ is specialized to briefly store speech-based information about the sounds of language. A. visuo-spatial sketchpad B. central executive C. phonological loop D. amygdala

C. phonological loop

12. (p. 206) According to _____, memory for pictures is better than memory for words because pictures, at least those that can be named, are stored as both image codes and verbal codes. A. Ebbinghaus' curve of forgetting B. Atkinson-Shiffrin theory C. the dual-code hypothesis D. parallel distributed processing (PDP)

C. the dual-code hypothesis

11. (p. 205) _____ of information is linked with neural activity, especially in the brain's left frontal lobe. A. Self-reference B. Forgetting C. Chunking D. Elaboration

D. Elaboration

2. (p. 203) _____ refers to the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory. A. Storage B. Retrieval C. Decay D. Encoding

D. Encoding

40. (p. 213) Which of the following structures of memory is autobiographical? A. Sensory memory B. Implicit memory C. Nondeclarative memory D. Episodic memory

D. Episodic memory

35. (p. 211) _____ has to do with remembering who, what, where, when, and why. _____ has to do with remembering how. A. Semantic memory/episodic memory B. Episodic memory/semantic memory C. Implicit memory/explicit memory D. Explicit memory/implicit memory

D. Explicit memory/implicit memory

17. (p. 207) According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory of memory, memory storage involves which of the following three systems? A. Attentive memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory B. Sensory memory, selective memory, and long-term memory C. Sensory memory, selective memory, and exhaustive memory D. Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

D. Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

4. (p. 203) _____ is the ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time. A. Divided attention B. Elaboration C. Multitasking D. Sustained attention

D. Sustained attention

32. (p. 211) Which of the following is true of the visual spatial sketchpad? A. When there are many items in the visuo-spatial sketchpad, one can represent them accurately enough to retrieve them successfully. B. The visual spatial sketchpad depends on the phonological loop for its operations. C. The visuo-spatial sketchpad acts like a supervisor who monitors which information deserves attention and which should be ignored. D. The capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad is limited.

D. The capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad is limited.

28. (p. 210) Working memory _____. A. has an unlimited capacity B. is the same as short-term memory C. is a passive memory system D. is an active memory system

D. is an active memory system

24. (p. 209) Chunking involves _____. A. quickly scanning information for relevant details B. immediately forgetting relevant information C. using Miller's framework for memory retrieval D. reorganizing information that exceeds the 7 plus or minus 2 rule into smaller meaningful units

D. reorganizing information that exceeds the 7 plus or minus 2 rule into smaller meaningful units

39. (p. 212) A person's knowledge about the world is known as _____ memory. A. episodic B. autobiographical C. procedural D. semantic

D. semantic