psych ch 7

Which of the following statements about Charles Spearman is false?

He divided intelligence into two components: crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence.

A "prototype" is a best-fitting member of a category. True False

True

A heuristic is a mental shortcut for decision making. True False

True

Categories are groups of things with similar features. True False

True

Differences in the number of words heard per hour, show up as measurable differences in vocabulary size later in life. True False

True

Humans are able to represent ideas and thoughts using words and images in our mind. True False

True

In a hierarchical network, general concepts are linked to specific concepts. True False

True

Language production is associated with Broca's area. True False

True

T/F: In the context of creativity, "originality" refers to thinking of unusual and novel ideas.

True

T/F: Intelligence is considered to be the primary characteristic that sets humans apart from other animals.

True

T/F: The IQ value for a person of intellectual disability is 70 or less.

True

T/F: The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale measures adult intelligence.

True

T/F: The personality characteristic, "openness to experience," is a common trait of creative people.

True

What do the concepts of representational bias, anchoring bias, and hindsight bias all have in common?

all of the concepts are examples of mental state

Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

analytical

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes.

artificial

Parents of African American students filed a case against the state of California in 1979 because they believed the testing method used to identify students with learning disabilities________.

as culturally unfair as the tests were normed and standardized using White children

Which of the following is a component of crystallized intelligence? a. Using spatial visualization in problem-solving b. Using abstract reasoning in problem-solving c. Using cultural knowledge in problem-solving d. Using pattern recognition in problem-solving

c. Using cultural knowledge in problem-solving

Which of the following is a component of the newest version of the Stanford-Binet intelligence tests? a. Intrapersonal processing b. Long-term memory c. Visual-spatial processing d. Kinesthetics

c. Visual-spatial processing

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

cognition

Patrick has been tested to have an IQ of 32. But, he plays the piano exceptionally well. Patrick suffers from ______. a. Down syndrome b. Fragile X syndrome c. Asperger's syndrome d. Savant syndrome

d. Savant syndrome

Raymond Cattell was a psychologist who ________.

divided intelligence into two components

Walter struggles to write legibly and has a difficult time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have?

dysgraphia

Bernadette has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have?

dyslexia

________ and ________ are powerful influences on both our thoughts and behaviors.

emotion; memory

A(an) ________ schema is also known as a cognitive script.

event

Children who live in poverty perform worse on intelligence tests because they________.

experience more pervasive daily stress, which affects how the brain functions and develops, thus causing a dip in IQ scores

What is confirmation bias?

focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness

The fact that English grammar dictates that most verbs end in -ed to indicate past tense is an example of the ________ component of language.

grammar

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.

hindsight bias

Which term describes a communication system that uses systematic rules to organize words to transmit information from one individual to another?

language

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language?

lexicon

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

logical-mathematical

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(an) ________.

mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

A(an) ________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working.

mental set

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________.

mental set

Schemata are a(an) ________.

method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently

Which of the following is not one of the four subtypes of intellectual disability?

modest

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

morpheme

In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: ________ and ________.

natural; artificial

A(an) ________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept.

prototype

Ilayda assumes that her professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with her stereotypes of professors. This exemplifies ________.

representational bias

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

semantics

Mikel can look at an engineering plan and quickly build a scale model. This exemplifies ________ intelligence

spatial

Why are event schemata difficult to change? They are _______.

automatic

Illnesses such as diabetes and stomach cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or stomach cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

availability heuristic

Sternberg's theory is also known as __________. a. the theory of general intelligence b. the triarchic theory of intelligence c. the theory of multiple intelligences d. the theory of primary mental abilities

b. the triarchic theory of intelligence

Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends' moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of intelligence does this exemplify?

interpersonal

Scientists who study cognition are searching for ways to understand how we ________, organize, and utilize our conscious cognitive experiences without being aware of all of the unconscious work that our brains are doing.

integrate

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence.

interpersonal; intrapersonal

Anywhere between 30-70% of individuals with diagnosed cases of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) also have some sort of ________.

learning disability

At what age can babies only discriminate among those phonemes that are used in the language(s) in their environments?

12 months old

Which of the following statements about algorithms is false?

Algorithms cannot be used in everyday life.

A brain scan of someone looking at a car will look very different from someone imagining looking at a car. True False

False

According to Noam Chomsky, humans are biologically built to fly. True False

False

Babbling occurs during the first few months of life. True False

False

Syntax refers to the rules for combining symbols and sounds to express concepts like plurals and possessives. True False

False

T/F: All intelligence definitions are multi-factor definitions.

False

T/F: Construct validity refers to the fact that a test can measure multiple constructs such as math and verbal abilities.

False

T/F: Intelligence ratio and intelligence quotient are the same thing.

False

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Robert Sternberg

Martha is taking a test which requires her to solve problems through inductive and deductive reasoning. Which part of the brain will she use the most? a. The occipital lobe b. The temporal lobe c. The parietal lobe d. The frontal lobe

d. The frontal lobe

Which of the following is an example of an abstract, complex concept?

patriotism

T/F: Mental Age is the same as chronological age.

False

T/F: Fluid Intelligence is intelligence a person obtains throughout life.

False (crystallized intelligence)

T/F: An algorithm is a sudden awareness of a solution to a problem.

False (insight)

The word ________ is both a morpheme and a phoneme.

I

Which of the following is a criticism of the Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf research on language?

It was not empirical

What was the most controversial claim in Arthur Jensen's article, "How Much Can We Boost I.Q. and Achievement?"

Level II intelligence is most prevalent among Asians, followed by Caucasians, then African Americans.

What is the Flynn effect?

The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true "Arthur Jensen theorized that Level I intelligence is responsible for conceptual and analytical abilities while Level II intelligence is responsible for rote memorization."

The placement of the phrases "Level I" and "Level II" should be switched.

Linguistic Relativism suggests that language "influences" our thinking, it does not "determine" our thinking. True False

True

Nativist theorists propose that language acquisition is more like discovery than learning. True False

True

Reasoning is the process by which people form conclusions about events in the world. True False

True

Syntax refers the rules humans use for arranging words into sentences or sentence phrases. True False

True

T/F: "Broad Intelligence" is defined by our learning and memory capacities.

True

T/F: A "prodigy" is a young person gifted in a particular ability, such as math or music, but otherwise, shows average intelligence.

True

T/F: A synonym for reliability is consistency.

True

T/F: Creative problem solving involves four stages of processing: preparation, incubation, insight, and elaborative-verification.

True

T/F: Creative thinking is distinct from but related to both intelligence and problem solving.

True

T/F: IQ tests generate an IQ score and measures over multiple dimensions of intelligence.

True

T/F: The left prefrontal cortex is active during verbal tasks.

True

T/F: The shape of the graph for the variation of IQ scores in the population is a normal curve.

True

T/F: Twin studies show that identical twins have a high correlation between their IQ scores.

True

Who is credited with developing the first test of intelligence? a. Alfred Binet b. Sigmund Freud c. Charles Spearman d. John Carroll

a. Alfred Binet

Which of the following is a true conclusion obtained on researches done in creative insights? a. Creative insights increases the frontal lobe activity. b. Creative insights occur in the left hemisphere of the brain. c. Creative people show imbalanced activity between their frontal lobes. d. Creative thinking has no relation with intelligence and problem solving.

a. Creative insights increases the frontal lobe activity.

Which of the following disabilities is prevalent among people of low socioeconomic status? a. Familial-cultural retardation b. Organic retardation c. Panic disorder d. Bipolar disorder

a. Familial-cultural retardation

Which part of the brain is Jamie, a teacher, primarily using when he engages in a verbal interaction with his students? a. Left prefrontal cortex b. Right prefrontal cortex c. Occipital cortex d. Visual cortex

a. Left prefrontal cortex

Which of the following best describes cognitive fixation? a. The inability to break out of a particular mind-set in order to think about a problem from a fresh perspective b. The ability to methodically develop step-by-step methods to solve a problem c. The ability to break out of a particular mind-set in order to think about a problem from a fresh perspective d. The inability to methodically develop step-by-step methods to solve a problem

a. The inability to break out of a particular mind-set in order to think about a problem from a fresh perspective

Based on his parents' IQs, Timmy's reaction range for IQ should be from 115 to 140. When he took an IQ test, his score indicated an IQ of 138. What does this most indicate? a. Timmy is likely to have been raised in an enriched environment. b. Timmy's IQ is exclusively determined by his genes. c. Timmy is likely to have been raised in an impoverished environment. d. Timmy's IQ is determined more by his own ability to understand information.

a. Timmy is likely to have been raised in an enriched environment.

What's the difference between Western and Asian culture's aspects of intelligence? a. Western cultures emphasize cognitive skills while Asian cultures stress on humility. b. Western cultures uphold the important quality of mindfulness while the other focuses on cooperativeness. c. Asian cultures lay emphasis on verbal skills, while Western cultures consider social skills as important. d. Asian cultures consider logic and reasoning as important, while Western cultures uphold the aspect of awareness.

a. Western cultures emphasize cognitive skills while Asian cultures stress on humility.

The ability to generate original ideas or develop a novel solution to problems is known as __________. a. divergent thinking b. convergent thinking c. systems thinking d. counterfactual thinking

a. divergent thinking

Jayne is a student at a community college. She has been tested to have an IQ of 18. This suggests that she has a ______ level of intellectual disability. a. profound b. moderate c. severe d. mild

a. profound

Ron is a fourteen-year-old. He has an incredible memory which allows him to recall the contents of thousands of books verbatim after reading them just once. Given that his IQ sore is 40 and his adaptive skills are poor, his sister helps him out with almost all the daily activities. Ron is most likely to be a __________. a. savant b. spastic c. prodigy d. retard

a. savant

What is a reaction range? a. The range within which an individual uses intelligence to respond to a stimulus b. A genetically determined range within which a given trait may fall c. The range of behaviors that are considered when determining retardation d. The range within which nurture supersedes nature in determining intelligence

b. A genetically determined range within which a given trait may fall

Which of the following holds true for the developers of the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler tests? a. Both developed tests that took cultural differences between people into account. b. Both failed to factor in developments in the field of neuroscience. c. Both developed tests which aimed to measure every dimension of intelligence. d. Both failed to account for the fact that intelligence is a single quality.

b. Both failed to factor in developments in the field of neuroscience.

Which of the following statements is true for mental sets in problem-solving? a. Education and training cannot lead to the creation of mental sets. b. Having strategies for problem-solving can prevent the development of fresh perspectives. c. Using mental sets while solving tests is an example of employing divergent thinking. d. Mental sets make it possible to look at problems from different points of view.

b. Having strategies for problem-solving can prevent the development of fresh perspectives.

In the creative problem-solving process, which of the following refers to putting a problem aside for a while and working on something else for a time? a. Insight b. Incubation c. Retrieval d. Continuity

b. Incubation

Which of the following most affects the human potential for learning? a. Intuition b. Intelligence c. Emotion d. Inhibition

b. Intelligence

How did the K-ABC differ from the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler tests? a. It considered intelligence to be a single ability rather than multiple abilities. b. It was designed to measure several distinct aspects of intelligence. c. It was the first intelligence test designed for adults as well as children. d. It did not consider different learning styles to be a part of intelligence.

b. It was designed to measure several distinct aspects of intelligence.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the newest versions of WAIS and WISC? a. Processing speed b. Kinesthetics c. Perceptual reasoning d. Verbal comprehension

b. Kinesthetics

Which of the following is an example of an adaptive behavior? a. Learning advanced calculus b. Learning to brush your teeth c. Learning a new language d. Learning to knit

b. Learning to brush your teeth

Which of the following abilities did Carroll assign to broad intelligence? a. Kinesthetics b. Memory c. Reading d. Spelling

b. Memory

Nancy, a three-year old, enters a store by pushing a door open. Every time she comes to a door after that, she pushes the door expecting it to open even though many doors open by pulling rather than pushing. What is this an example of? a. Divergent thinking b. Mental set c. Insight solutions d. Lateral thinking

b. Mental set

Which of the following best describes Arthur Jensen's conclusions regarding IQ? a. An individual's intelligence is independent of nurture or culture. b. Racial-ethnic differences in IQ must be at least partly genetic in origin. c. Nature alone influences the intelligence of an individual. d. Racial and ethnic characteristics do not have any influence on IQ.

b. Racial-ethnic differences in IQ must be at least partly genetic in origin.

Which of the following refers to practical intelligence? a. The ability to compare and contrast information b. The ability to solve problems of everyday life c. The ability to come up with fresh and innovative ideas d. The ability to evaluate the worth of information

b. The ability to solve problems of everyday life

Charles Spearman's theory of intelligence is known as __________. a. the Downing effect b. the g-factor theory c. the primary ability theory d. the multi-factor theory

b. the g-factor theory

Peter takes an intelligence test that yields a different IQ score each time he takes it. Which of the following does this fact most indicate? a. The test does not have internal reliability. b. The test does not have test-retest reliability. c. The test has construct validity. d. The test has predictive validity.

b. The test does not have test-retest reliability.

Raven's Progressive Test is a commonly used measure for ______. a. verbal intelligence b. fluid intelligence c. numerical ability d. crystallized intelligence

b. fluid intelligence

According to the g-factor theory of intelligence, people who achieve high scores on the verbal section of an intelligence test are likely to have: a. low scores in the spatial and quantitative sections but low in the perceptual section. b. high scores in the spatial, perceptual, and quantitative sections. c. low scores in all the non-verbal sections of the test. d. high scores in the perceptual and spatial sections, but low in the quantitative section.

b. high scores in the spatial, perceptual, and quantitative sections.

A person taking Guildford's Alternate Uses test suggests that one alternate use of a brick is as a weapon. This answer would be considered original if __________. a. it was used in two different ways by the same person b. it is uncommon compared to the answers of others taking the test c. it spans several possible categories of uses for a brick d. it is ranked as a fluent answer by the majority of test-takers

b. it is uncommon compared to the answers of others taking the test

Thinking outside the box implies that ______. a. it is possible for any problem to have only a single solution b. solutions can be found by looking at a problem from a new perspective c. relying on past experience is often the best way to solve a problem d. algorithms are the only valid methods of solving a problem

b. solutions can be found by looking at a problem from a new perspective

Intelligence tests and college entrance examinations typically require individuals to engage in convergent thinking because ______. a. these problems require learned solutions rather than reasoning b. these types of problems have known solutions c. there are no possible solutions to these problems d. these problems cannot be solved using normal problem-solving strategies

b. these types of problems have known solutions

After the first few months of life, babies enter what is known as the ________ stage, during which time they tend to produce single syllables, such as buh-buh, that are repeated over and over.

babbling

Lauren is gifted in the area of body movement. Her ability to balance and coordinate her body's movement enables her to do well in basketball, baseball, and field hockey. Which area of intelligence does this exemplify?

bodily kinesthetic

Which of the following statements is true for tests? a. A biased test cannot be used fairly. b. An unfair test result is always culturally biased. c. A biased test may be used fairly. d. A test result used fairly cannot be culturally biased.

c. A biased test may be used fairly.

On which of the following points do g-factor theorists and multiple-factor theorists disagree? a. A single test score can reflect a person's overall intelligence. b. The different aspects of intelligence are correlated. c. A multiple test score cannot reflect a person's intelligence. d. Intelligence has a number of components.

c. A multiple test score cannot reflect a person's intelligence.

Which of the following is true for algorithms? a. Algorithms are sets of rules which, if followed correctly, will guarantee a solution to a problem. b. Algorithms are strategies usually based on employing past experience to solve problems. c. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures that are used in solving problems. d. Algorithms relate to finding alternative solutions to problem-solving.

c. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures that are used in solving problems.

Which of the following pairs of children features one child who would be classified as intellectually disabled and one child who would be classified as gifted? a. Tamara's IQ is 88, and Tracy's IQ is 188 b. Richard's IQ is 14, and Raphael's IQ is 84 c. Bill's IQ is 54, and Bob's IQ is 137 d. Brad's IQ is 79, and Barbara's IQ is 112

c. Bill's IQ is 54, and Bob's IQ is 137

______ created new intelligence tests to measure adult intelligence. a. Lewis Terman b. William Stern c. David Wechsler d. Raymond Cattell

c. David Wechsler

______ is a disorder on the X chromosome, resulting in the abnormal development of a gene involved in neural development. a. Down syndrome b. Asperger's syndrome c. Fragile X syndrome d. X-linked hypophoshatemia

c. Fragile X syndrome

Matthew sees a nail sticking out from a board which he wishes to push inside. Though there is a brick lying nearby, it does not occur to him that it can serve well to fix the nail. Consequently, he wastes time searching for a hammer. Which of the following does Matthew exhibit? a. Cognitive dissonance b. Response bias c. Functional fixedness d. Observer effect

c. Functional fixedness

Which of the following best describes a cultural test bias? a. Group differences in IQ tests are caused because different IQ tests are administered to different cultural groups. b. People use IQ test results unfairly to deny certain groups access to universities or jobs. c. Group differences in IQ scores are caused by different ethnic and educational environments. d. A particular test predicts outcomes equally well for different cultural groups.

c. Group differences in IQ scores are caused by different ethnic and educational environments.

Which of the following theorists theorized that intelligence consists of eight distinct capacities? a. Alfred Binet b. Robert Sternberg c. Howard Gardner d. Ivan Pavlov

c. Howard Gardner

What is the definition of successful intelligence, as propounded by Robert Sternberg? a. It includes attitudes that support persistence, systemization, and imagination, self-monitoring and self-management. b. Intelligence is a biopsychological potential to process information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems c. Intelligence is an integrated set of information-processing and cognitive abilities needed for life success. d. Intelligence is a single general factor made up of specific components.

c. Intelligence is an integrated set of information-processing and cognitive abilities needed for life success.

Which of the following is associated with fluid thinking? a. Size of vocabulary b. General knowledge c. Pattern recognition d. Cultural habits

c. Pattern recognition

___________ is a way of testing the creativity of a person, whereby three words at one time are displayed to the participant, who must then come up with a single word that can be used with all three of the words. a. Word scrabble b. Sodoku c. Remote association d. Crosswords

c. Remote association

The intelligence test developed by Lewis Terman is known as the __________. a. SAT-Quantitative test b. Kaufman-Assessment Battery for Children c. Stanford-Binet test d. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales

c. Stanford-Binet test

Which of the following tests can a person take to assess her creativity? a. The K-ABC test b. Raven's progressive matrices tests c. The Alternate Uses test d. The WISC test

c. The Alternate Uses test

Which of the following is true for the commonly-used intelligence tests? a. The K-ABC tests failed to assess different types of intelligence. b. The Stanford-Binet tests were guided by Cattell and Horn's theories of intelligence. c. The Stanford-Binet tests failed to consider Piaget's theory of cognitive development. d. The K-ABC tests had no relevance to the concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence.

c. The Stanford-Binet tests failed to consider Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

As argued by Sternberg and Gardner, what is a drawback of Wechsler and Stanford-Binet tests? a. They do not measure verbal, spatial, and mathematical forms of intelligence. b. They had incorporated developments in neurosciences in their studies. c. They do not measure social, musical, and naturalistic forms of intelligence. d. They lay emphasis on quantitative reasoning and visual-spatial processing.

c. They do not measure social, musical, and naturalistic forms of intelligence.

Why is verification-elaboration undertaken? a. To attain an understanding of previously unresearched information b. To verify the authenticity of the means used to find a solution c. To confirm the feasibility of the solution d To elaborate on the process used to obtain a solution

c. To confirm the feasibility of the solution

The ______ of intelligence holds that the different aspects of intelligence are distinct enough that numerous abilities must be considered, not just one. a. two-factor theory b. expectancy theory c. multiple-factor theory d. g-factor theory

c. multiple-factor theory

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

concepts

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.

confirmation

________intelligence is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation.

creative

Mrs. Ross, a teacher, wanted to measure the IQ of the newly admitted students in her class. While using William Stern's method for calculating intelligence, she found out that Sarah, a ten-year-old girl, had the mental age of a 14 year old. What is Sarah's intelligence score? a. 80 b. 100 c. 120 d. 140

d. 140

Which of the following holds true with regard to creative people? a. A creative person will typically display protracted attention spans. b. A creative person will typically display steadfastness of thought and action. c. A creative person will typically display randomness in thought. d. A creative person will typically display flexibility in thinking.

d. A creative person will typically display flexibility in thinking.

___________ are step-by-step formulas or procedures for solving problems. a. Mnemonics b. Dialectics c. Hermeneutics d. Algorithms

d. Algorithms

Which of the following is a criterion to be considered for intellectual disability? a. Both mental and physical deficits must be apparent after age 18. b. The deficits must be acquired habits which lead to intellectual disability. c. An individual must show minor limitations in intellectual functioning and major limitations in physical functioning. d. An individual must show significant limitations in everyday adaptive behavior.

d. An individual must show significant limitations in everyday adaptive behavior.

Which of the following is a criterion used to assess the reliability of an intelligence test? a. Does the test accurately measure intelligence, or does it measure some other quality? b. Does the test measure all the aspects of intelligence, including kinesthetic intelligence? c. Do the test scores predict the test-taker's performance in real-world settings? d. Are the results obtained by a person the same every time he or she takes the test?

d. Are the results obtained by a person the same every time he or she takes the test?

______ is applicable to the tests that measure the concept it claims to measure. a. Internal validity b. Predictive validity c. Construct validity d. Conclusion validity

d. Conclusion validity

In an examination, Dorothy deductively zeroes in on one of the options of a multiple choice question. What kind of thinking can she be said to engage in? a. Divergent thinking b. Visual thinking c. Creative thinking d. Convergent thinking

d. Convergent thinking

What did Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray conclude in their book 'The Bell Curve'? a. Differences in IQ scores based on race-ethnicity are meaningless because race is mostly a social construct with little scientific support or biological foundation. b. Heritability findings apply only within the group of people studied, not between groups. c. Racial-ethnic differences in IQ result from biases in IQ tests that favor people from certain cultural backgrounds over others. d. Differences in IQ contribute to a large extent to differences in education and income.

d. Differences in IQ contribute to a large extent to differences in education and income.

Pauline was born with a chromosomal disorder. She was diagnosed to have three rather than two number 21 chromosomes. She also suffered from learning disabilities. Her intellectual disability is a result of __________. a. Edward's syndrome b. Asperger's syndrome c. Fragile X syndrome d. Down syndrome

d. Down syndrome

What are current IQ scores based on? a. How well a person does on tests relative to the norms that are established by testing people of different ages b. How well a person does on any given test based on the aptitudes for different intelligences relative to the general population c. How well a person does on tests relative to the average scores of the general population d. How well a person does on tests relative to norms established by testing people of the same age

d. How well a person does on tests relative to norms established by testing people of the same age

Which of the following best describes the two main views of intelligence? a. Intelligence as a static versus intelligence as a dynamic ability b. Intelligence as unaffected by environment versus intelligence as influenced by environment c. Intelligence as a hereditary ability versus intelligence as a learnt ability d. Intelligence as a single general ability versus intelligence as a collection of multiple abilities

d. Intelligence as a single general ability versus intelligence as a collection of multiple abilities

Which of the following best describes the theory of intelligence propounded by John Carroll? a. Intelligence does not depend on inherent ability but on acquired knowledge. b. Intelligence comprises into two parts: fluid and crystalline. c. Intelligence is a function of eight distinct skills. d. Intelligence consists of three levels, arranged in a hierarchy.

d. Intelligence consists of three levels, arranged in a hierarchy.

Which of the following is most closely related to the concept of emotional intelligence? a. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence b. Fluid intelligence c. Naturalistic intelligence d. Interpersonal intelligence

d. Interpersonal intelligence

What happens to the crystallized intelligence as one goes from young adulthood to middle adulthood? a. It starts developing. b. It deteriorates. c. It stops developing. d. It improves.

d. It improves.

Identify a characteristic of creative intelligence. a. It involves judging and evaluating information. b. It includes the ability to solve problems of everyday life efficiently. c. It involves comparing and contrasting information. d. It includes the ability to come up with fresh and useful ideas for solving problems.

d. It includes the ability to come up with fresh and useful ideas for solving problems.

Which of the following is typically characteristic of savants? a. Superb educational backgrounds b. Exceptionally high IQ scores c. Excellent verbal abilities d. Low IQ scores

d. Low IQ scores

Which of the following lists the stages of creative problem-solving? a. Fixation, preparation, cogitation, and synthesis b. Prototype, insight, heuristic, and generativity c. Fixation, incubation, synthesis, and conclusion d. Preparation, incubation, insight, and elaboration

d. Preparation, incubation, insight, and elaboration

Which of the following lends support to Gardner's multifaceted view of intelligence? a. Students demonstrate better comprehension when they learn in the same way as everyone else. b. Students demonstrating ability in one area tend to do well in other aspects of intelligence. c. The intelligence of students can be accurately measured as a single, general ability. d. Students who demonstrate ability in some areas do poorly on traditional intelligence tests.

d. Students who demonstrate ability in some areas do poorly on traditional intelligence tests.

According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, which of the following refers to naturalistic intelligence? a. The ability to perceive and understand other people's emotions, motives, and behavior b. The ability to employ one's natural, innate intelligence in problem-solving c. The ability to utilize intelligence that controls our natural reflexes d. The ability to recognize and classify the living organisms in one's environment

d. The ability to recognize and classify the living organisms in one's environment

Which of the following theories answers the question "How intelligent are you?"? a. The theory that considers the analytic, creative, and practical intelligence as distinct b. The theory that focuses on seven different primary mental abilities of a person c. The theory that considers multiple abilities to assess different aspects of intelligence d. The theory that considers intelligence as a single, general capacity

d. The theory that considers intelligence as a single, general capacity

What did Takeuchi and colleagues find in their research that sought to measure creativity and neural connectivity? a. They found a direct and positive relationship between the subjects' creativity scores and their neural connectivity in the parietal lobe. b. They found an indirect and negative relationship between the subjects' creativity scores and their neural connectivity in the frontal lobe. c. They found an indirect and negative relationship between the subjects' creativity scores and their neural connectivity in the parietal lobe. d. They found a direct and positive relationship between the subjects' creativity scores and their neural connectivity in the frontal lobe.

d. They found a direct and positive relationship between the subjects' creativity scores and their neural connectivity in the frontal lobe.

What did researchers find when association tests were administered to either the right or left visual fields of participants? a. Information presented to the left visual field is processed in the left hemisphere of the brain. b. When the problem was presented in the right visual field and processed in the right hemisphere, insight into the problems occurred frequently. c. Information presented to the left visual field could never be processed in the right hemisphere of the brain. d. When the problem was presented in the left visual field and processed in the right hemisphere, insight into the problems occurred frequently.

d. When the problem was presented in the left visual field and processed in the right hemisphere, insight into the problems occurred frequently.

Charles Spearman's theory of human intelligence viewed intelligence as __________. a. a collection of multiple unrelated capacities b. fixed by hereditary and unchangeable c. impossible to measure using standardized tests d. a single general factor made up of specific components

d. a single general factor made up of specific components

According to Binet's mental-age scale, a mentally challenged girl's mental age would be __________. a. equal to her intelligence quotient b. higher than her intelligence score c. inversely proportional to her intelligence ratio d. below her chronological age

d. below her chronological age

According to Raymond Cattell's theory of intelligence, ___________ involves how fast you learn new things. a. crystallized intelligence b. creative intelligence c. emotional intelligence d. fluid intelligence

d. fluid intelligence

The WAIS and WISC are tests of ___________ that were created by __________. a. mental aptitude; Jung b. creativity; Sterner c. independence; Stanford d. intelligence; Wechsler

d. intelligence; Wechsler

If following Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, an employer sifting through candidates for the role of a team leader would look for someone with high levels of __________. a. bodily-kinesthetic intelligence b. linguistic intelligence c. naturalistic intelligence d. interpersonal intelligence

d. interpersonal intelligence

If a test is equally valid for different groups and they still score differently on it, it is likely that __________. a. the test is fair but not standardized b. the test may be fair but is definitely biased c. the test is unfair but definitely standardized d. the test may be unfair but it is not biased

d. the test may be unfair but it is not biased

The likelihood of functional fixedness occurring may be influenced by culture, and it is________.

experienced in both industrial and preindustrial countries equally

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

fluid

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests there is no reason she can't find a job and live independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?

mild

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

musical

An anchoring bias occurs when you focus on ________.

one piece of information versus all of the information

The average score on an IQ test is 100. In modern IQ testing, one standard deviation is 15 points. Someone with an IQ of 115 would be described as________.

one standard deviation above the mean

A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language.

phoneme

Anwar dresses for a cold fall day and steps outside to find it sunny and hot. He goes back inside to change out of his sweater and jeans into a shirt and shorts. Anwar is demonstrating the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

practical

Which of the following is not one of the four indices of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children?

processing memory

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way.

role

Which of the following is key to generating a bell curve?

sample size

Mel is an adult who can take care of his basic needs, but he requires oversight while he paints and someone to check on his living conditions daily. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Mel?

severe

Which of the following is not one of the conditions that leads to the impulse to use heuristics?

the decision to be made is important

From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________.

thinking

Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become ______?

thoughts