Psych ch 7 smart book:

Which of the following best describes periods of symptoms in which an individual experiences an unusually intense sad mood?

Depressive disorder

Seven-year old Felicia has temper outbursts at least three or four times a week, accompanied by severe irritability that her parents and teachers have been unable to control. What would be her likely diagnosis?

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Which of the following is a disorder in children that is characterized by severe and recurrent temper outbursts and irritability?

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Which educational intervention is a part of behavior therapy?

Homework assignments

Tremenitia cannot remember a time when she was not mildly depressed since the age of 16. Now, at 23, she works at her job, goes out with friends, and functions from day to day, but stills suffer from some sleep problems, low energy, low self-esteem, and ongoing feelings of hopelessness. She is probably suffering from which of the following?

Persistent depressive disorder

______ is the use of genetic testing to determine who will and will not improve with a particular medication.

Pharmacogenetics

Margie is usually pleasant and agreeable, but each month, like clockwork, there are consecutive days during which she is highly irritable, moody, and anxious. Margie most likely has which of the following disorders?

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Axel has a substance abuse problem and has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Which of the following are most likely to happen? Choose all that apply.

Problems with the law, More frequent episodes of bipolar disorder, & An earlier onset of bipolar disorder

Individuals develop feelings of grandiosity and elation or become hyperenergetic as an unconscious defense against sinking into gloom and despair. This is the explanation for bipolar disorder from which perspective

Psychoanalytic

Contemporary behaviorists base their approach to the cause of depression on the idea that depressed people have a low rate of

response-contingent positive reinforcement.

SNRIs selectively block the _______ of norepinephrine and serotonin.

reuptake

The rate of suicide is underreported due to

the difficulty of establishing cause of death as intentional rather than unintentional

MAOIs might be the most appropriate treatment choice

when a person has chronic depression that has not responded to other medication.

TCAs might be the most appropriate treatment choice

when a person has disturbed sleep or appetite as part of the depression.

Bipolar disorder has a lifetime prevalence rate of ______ in the U.S. population.

3.9 percent

Who of the following, based on age alone, would be most likely to commit suicide?

51-year old John

Between ________ of individuals with major depressive disorder do not achieve symptom relief, even with the best of treatment.

60 to 70 percent

How many sessions does contemporary psychodynamic therapy usually involve?

8 - 10

In the US, which psychological disorders put people at the highest risk for suicide? Choose all that apply.

Alcohol-use disorders & Depression

How effective is contemporary psychodynamic therapy, according to research?

As effective as CBT

Brain scans and testing suggest that people with bipolar disorder have difficulties in which of the following? Choose all that apply.

Attention, executive functioning, & memory.

Mark has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and his symptoms are best controlled with medications. Although he will need to remain on medications, which theoretical perspective would emphasize the importance of Mark maintaining employment, creating interpersonal relationships, and monitoring his overall physical health

Biopsychosocial

Quentin has, in the past, been severely depressed. Recently, however, he has felt mildly ecstatic. He is more energetic than normal, doesn't sleep much, and has some pressured speech. This lasts for about 4 days before leveling off into more normal behavior. What is probably the best diagnosis for Quentin?

Bipolar II disorder

Which of the following is true about the effectiveness of CBT and IPT for at least one year post-treatment?

Both CBT and IPT are equally effective.

______ therapy focuses on the client's dysfunctional thoughts and how to change them through cognitive restructuring.

Cognitive behavioral

Which of the following is true regarding cognitive-behavioral therapy and behavioral therapy?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy and behavioral therapy both meet the criteria for evidence-based treatments.

______ disorder symptoms are more chronic and less severe than those of bipolar disorder but do include both hypomanic and depressive symptoms.

Cyclothymic

True or false: Because of activation within the brain's internally based attentional circuits, people with major depressive disorder focus their attention outward.

False

True or false: People whose mood disorders are primarily biological in origin should only be treated with medication.

False

True or false: Surprisingly, people with bipolar disorders have a higher life expectancy than the general population.

False

Which lobe of the brain appears to be most involved in bipolar disorder?

Frontal

Which of the following are components of the biopsychosocial perspective for understanding why people commit suicide? Choose all that apply.

Genetic predisposition, distorted cognitive processes, & exposure to life stresses

As compared to the general population, people with bipolar disorder more often have which of the following specific health issues? Choose all that apply

Higher levels of cholesterol & higher rates of heart disease & diabetes

As compared to the general population, people with bipolar disorder more often have which of the following specific health issues? Choose all that apply.

Higher rates of diabetes, heart diseases, & higher levels of cholesterol

Which brief therapy lasts between 12 and 16 weeks and involves managing the interpersonal stress associated with symptoms?

Interpersonal therapy

What are the reasons that psychotherapy may be preferred to medication as treatment for major depressive disorder? Choose all that apply.

It has less adverse side effects, may be as effective, & it carries fewer risks

Which of the following statements regarding lithium are true? Choose all that apply.

It is effective in treating manic episodes & preventing recurrence of manic episodes.

______, the traditional treatment for bipolar disorder, is effective in treating acute mania symptoms and preventing the recurrence of manic episodes.

Lithium

Acute but time-limited periods of depressive symptoms are indicative of which of the following disorders?

Major depressive disorder

Which of the following is true of suicide in the United States?

More than 90% of suicides occur in people with a psychological disorder.

Increasing evidence points to the role of which neurotransmitters in the development of major depressive disorder? Choose all that apply.

Norepinephrine & Serotonin

_______ helps people with bipolar disorder understand the nature of the disorder and the reasons that medication is critical to control symptoms.

Psychoeducation

In behavioral activation, which of the following occur? Choose all that apply.

Record-keeping of the frequency of engaging in rewarding activities, engaging in behaviors that are consistent with core values, & setting of small, weekly goals that gradually increase the frequency of rewarding activities.

Which of the following are side effects of taking lithium? Choose all that apply.

Serious cardiac effects & mild central nervous system disturbances

Which of the following are considered suicidal behaviors? Choose all that apply

Suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, & plan development

Which of the following are common side effects of the SNRIs? Choose all that apply.

Suicidal thoughts or attempts, confusion, memory loss, & gastrointestinal problems.

is a self-inflicted destructive act with explicit or inferred intent to die.

Suicide

Which of the following are reasons why premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) was added as a diagnosable condition in the DSM-5? Choose all that apply.

To encourage better treatment & better diagnosis

True or false: The best antidepressant medication for a client is determined by the clinician, often following a process of trial and error.

True

True or false: The reason psychotherapy is effective as a treatment for major depressive disorder is that people can work through some of their underlying issues and learn skills for managing their symptoms.

True

The cognitive triad consists of which of the following? Choose all that apply.

a - view of the self, world, & future.

Dysphoria,

an essential element of a depressive disorder, is an unusually elevated sad mood.

In the method known as _______ _______ for depression, the clinician helps clients identify activities associated with positive mood.

behavioral activation

The _______ perspective helps to understand that people commit suicide because of physiological contributions, distorted cognitive processes, and stressful environments.

biopsychosocial

Clinicians diagnose people who have manic episodes as having _____ disorder.

bipolar

Clinicians diagnose people who have manic episodes as having ______ disorder.

bipolar

Matilda has been on top of the world for the past week. She feels invincible and that she can do no wrong. She is working on solving the world's major problems and is sure she can come up with an answer. She has had very little sleep over the last few days. Matilda is likely suffering from

bipolar disorder.

Matilda has been on top of the world for the past week. She feels invincible and that she can do no wrong. She is working on solving the world's major problems and is sure she can come up with an answer. She has had very little sleep over the last few days. Matilda is likely suffering fromMatilda has been on top of the world for the past week. She feels invincible and that she can do no wrong. She is working on solving the world's major problems and is sure she can come up with an answer. She has had very little sleep over the last few days. Matilda is likely suffering from

bipolar disorder.

Clinicians who use _______ behavioral therapy work with their clients to try to challenge the nature of their thought processes.

cognitive

The _______ is a negative view of the self, the world, and the future.

cognitive triad

The two types of mood disorder in which mood alterations are the primary characteristic are bipolar disorder and ______ disorder.

cyclothymic

The two types of mood disorder in which mood alterations are the primary characteristic are bipolar disorder and _______ disorder.

cyclothymic

Behavior therapy for depression includes each of the following except

delving into the unconscious traumas which may have contributed to the depression.

In general, behavior therapy for depression helps clients

develop more positively reinforcing experiences.

________, an essential element of a depressive disorder, is an unusually elevated sad mood.

dysphoria

According to the sociocultural perspective, individuals develop depressive disorders in response to

external life circumstances.

People with cyclothymic disorder are never without symptoms

for more than 2 months at a time.

Ppl w a(n) _________ attachment style have a greater risk for developing depressive disorders in adulthood.

insecure

Lisa has bipolar disorder. Along with taking medication, she is in a psychotherapy program, which will last between 12 and 16 weeks and will be focused on managing the stress that occurs between her and her family as a result of her manic episodes. This is called ________ therapy.

interpersonal

The criteria for a hypomanic episode are similar to those for a manic episode but

involve a shorter duration.

Some people who experience manic episodes stop taking lithium because

it interferes with the euphoria at the beginning of a manic episode.

Each of the following are behavior therapy interventions except

journaling.

One of the earliest behavioral formulations of theories of depression regards the symptoms of depression as resulting from

lack of positive reinforcement.

Marissa has been severely down in the dumps for the last several weeks. She is not eating nor socializing, and most mornings she has trouble getting up. This occurred once before about 4 months ago and lasted for 2 months. Marissa is probably suffering from

major depressive disorder.

Bipolar disorder involves an intense and very disruptive experience of a ______ episode, which may also occur in alteration with major depressive episodes.

manic

Psychoanalytic explanations of bipolar disorder propose that ______ episodes are defensive responses through which individuals stave off feelings of inadequacy, loss, and helplessness.

manic

Adults w _________ depressive disorder (dysthymia) have, for at least 2 years, a milder course of depressive symptoms than those associated with major depressive disorder..

persistent

Clinicians treating people with bipolar disorder customarily turn first to pharmacological interventions but are also likely to incorporate ______ interventions designed to develop better coping skills.

psychological

Compared to other antidepressants, ______ have fewer side effects.

serotonin modulators

According to the ______ perspective, individuals develop depressive disorders in response to external life events.

sociocultural

According to psychoanalytic theory, people with depressive disorders

suffered a loss early in life that affected them at a deep, intrapsychic level.