Psych Ch.13 Personality

How Would You Know If Astrologers Can Describe People's Personality?From the options below, select all of the factors that could affect your confidence about whether astrologers can describe people's personality: -Whether the astrologer met the participant or only used the participant's astrological sign -Investigator's belief in astrology -Number of times participant has completed online personality questionnaires -Whether participants were having a bad day when they completed the personality questionnaire -The number of hours per week participants spend watching YouTube videos

-Whether the astrologer met the participant or only used the participant's astrological sign -Investigator's belief in astrology -Whether participants were having a bad day when they completed the personality questionnaire

emphasized the interaction among behavior, conscious cognitive processes, and social experiences in the personality theory called the social-cognitive perspective

Albert Bandura

How Would You Know If Astrologers Can Describe People's Personality? Of the following options, which one would be the best way to measure personality traits to learn if astrologers can describe people's personality?

Have participants complete a Big Five personality questionnaire. Compare their scores to either those obtained from an astrologer, or to those from a close friend.

According to Freud, the part of the mind that is an impulsive mechanism is the:

id

According to the textbook, psychology's concern with people's sense of self dates back at LEAST to:

William James.

People high in the quality of _____ are open with their feelings and are transparent and self-disclosing.

genuineness

The Big Five model seems to best capture personality because:

studies show that these descriptions show up over a wide range of cultures.

Emily, though not especially shy, is an introvert. What's the difference between shyness, introversion, and extraversion?

As an introvert, Emily—unlike a shy person—can interact confidently with others in social situations. But unlike an extravert—who draws energy from being with others—introvert Emily finds social interaction exhausting. As an introvert, she regains energy through solitude.

How Would You Know If Astrologers Can Describe People's Personality? If someone asks you whether astrologers can describe people's personality, how might you respond based on what you learned in this activity?

Astrologers cannot describe people's personality based only on their zodiac signs. Like anyone, they will learn something about others by meeting and interacting with them. Better personality descriptions come from psychological assessment tools, such as the Big Five questionnaire, and from our close friends.

How Would You Know If Astrologers Can Describe People's Personality? What did your simulated study find?

Astrologers cannot describe people's personality.

Basketball players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck BEST illustrate:

Basketball players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck BEST illustrate: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

Clint is homeless, hungry, and desperate for food and shelter. He will do almost anything to satisfy these needs. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Clint will ignore his other needs, which are:

Cliff will ignore all of these other needs until he satisfies his most basic needs for food and shelter.

How Would You Know If Astrologers Can Describe People's Personality? Of the options below, which design would be best for determining if astrologers can describe people's personality?

Experimental design

How Would You Know If Astrologers Can Describe People's Personality? As a possible confounding variable, you selected whether the astrologer had met participants (and was not using their astrological sign only). Why?

Extra information would be gained by meeting with a participant.

Do introverts or extraverts make better leaders?

Job interviewers in Western countries tend to prefer extraverts, who love interacting with others. Yet introverts also have their strengths as leaders, such as when welcoming innovative ideas or handling conflict thoughtfully rather than reactively.

Jim is taking a personality test based on Carl Jung's personality types. Jim is MOST likely taking the:

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

Which is NOT a way in which individuals and environments interact?

People are unable to choose their environment.

In a psychology class debate on the trait perspective, Colin needs to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which criticism of the trait perspective would he cite?

People do not act with predictable consistency, and behavior varies from one situation to the next.

How Would You Know If Astrologers Can Describe People's Personality? Of the following options, which one would give a stranger the most accurate information about your personality?

Your friends' perceptions of your personality

How Would You Know If Astrologers Can Describe People's Personality? Of the following options, which one represents the best participants for your study?

a group of people who have a normal range of personality trait scores.

Zach has applied to graduate school and has an interview coming up. He was told that, while extremely rare, his interview would involve being shown images where he is to tell a story about the image. This interview is MOST likely assessing Zach's:

achievement motivation.

Anna entered therapy to deal with her problems with:

anorexia and bulimia

Gordon Allport was the first to determine that:

certain consistencies in a person's behavior may reflect some sort of inner psychological quality.

Anna's claims included the statement that her father had:

encouraged her to abuse her younger brother

Kevin is 18 years old and believes that he is less likely to get into a serious car accident or die at an early age than peers his age. He may be illustrating:

excessive optimism.

The tendency to be social, happy, and cheerful is an example of which of the factors in the Big Five model of personality?

extraversion

Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait?

factor analysis

What is the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors?

false consensus effect

Tammy meets with a therapist because she wants to do something about the path her life is taking. The doctor tells her to lie down on the couch, relax, and say whatever comes to mind. This psychoanalytic method is known as _____.

free association

Dr. Costa sees his own therapist in order for her to be at her emotional best for seeing patients. She is open with her feelings and self-disclosing in her own therapy. Rogers refers to this attitude as _____.

genuineness

The authors of the book The Courage to Heal are: A. psychiatrists. B. clinical psychologists. C. elementary school teachers. D. laypeople.

laypeople

Seth is young man who considers himself to very successful, and who enjoys the finer things in life. He makes a lot of money and spends it on clothes, cars, gambling, and women. Most psychologists would agree that Seth seems to display a high level of:

narcissism.

Vincent is a famous rock musician from the 1980s. Even though he has not had a popular hit in more than 25 years, he has his own reality television show and a line of cologne. His psychologist thinks he displays excessive self-love and self-absorption and believes Vincent displays a high level of:

narcissism.

A questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors and is used to assess selected traits is known as a(n):

personality inventory.

The Oedipus conflict is associated with which stage of psychosexual development, according to Freud?

phallic

In humanistic theories, genuineness, acceptance, and empathy are to ______________ as water, sun, and nutrients are to the growth of healthy trees.

positive growth in humans

Humanistic theories laid the groundwork for today's scientific subfield of:

positive psychology.

Alexis imagines that the self she wants to be is a great athlete, well loved, and well educated. She also imagines the self she fears becoming: homeless, lonely, and unemployed. These visions BEST reflect the concept of:

possible selves.

Henry is given a test by a psychologist and asked to tell a story about an ambiguous picture. Henry is MOST likely taking a(n) _____ test.

projective

In 1921, Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the MOST widely used _____ test.

projective

In order to reveal hidden conflicts in the unconscious, neo-Freudians developed _____ tests.

projective

Which choice incorrectly pairs a personality theory with a proponent?

psychoanalytic—Allport

According to the biopsychosocial approach to the study of personality, learned responses are a(n) _____ influence.

psychological

Which defense mechanism is at work when we unconsciously replace threatening inner wishes with exaggerated versions of their opposite?

reaction formation

Lately, Ambrose and Grant cannot get along. Ambrose often expects the worst of people, and yesterday he thought Grant was mad at him. As a result, Ambrose ignored Grant's phone calls and other attempts at conversation, angering Grant. But in truth, Ambrose created the situation to which he was reacting. This is an example of:

reciprocal determinism.

Elena has been in therapy for two months. When she began therapy, her therapist asked her to describe herself as she would ideally like to be and as she actually is. Her therapist explained that when these two descriptions are nearly alike, the person is thought to have a positive:

self-concept.

Your subjective belief about your ability to meet the demands of a particular situation is called:

self-efficacy.

All of Ernest's basic physiological and safety needs have been met, and he feels a solid sense of belonging and of being loved. According to Maslow, this suggests that Ernest will next seek to satisfy his need for:

self-esteem.

How Would You Know If Astrologers Can Describe People's Personality?To measure personality, you chose to have participants complete a measure of:

the Big Five personality traits.

After eating onions at lunch, Sheryl became very aware of her breath, and she worried that everyone else at the meeting would notice. Her reaction BEST illustrates:

the spotlight effect.

Chris is giving a speech tomorrow and is worried because he just got an unflattering haircut. He is convinced everyone will stare at his hair and will discuss his unattractive haircut. Chris' overestimation of people's reactions is known as:

the spotlight effect.

A(n) _____ describes a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

trait

Dr. Wayne states that the task of the personality psychologist is to describe the consistent and persistent patterns of behavior that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Wayne is MOST likely a _____ theorist of personality.

trait