Psych Chapter 1
Which age is NOT correctly matched with its Piagetian developmental stage? A. 12 months; sensorimotor stage B. 4 years; preoperational stage C. 9 years; concrete operational stage D. 13 years; preoperational stage
13 years; preoperational stage
According to the text, in seventeenth-century Paris, about 1 in every _____ babies died in infancy. As recently as 1900, nearly _____ percent of U.S. children died by the age of 5.
3; 30
Which statement expresses the MOST recent advances in developmental scientists' view of the lifespan? A. Developmental scientists have identified emerging adulthood as a new life stage and have partitioned old age into young-old and old-old. B. Developmental scientists have identified adolescence and emerging adulthood as new life stages. C. Developmental scientists have identified adolescence as a new life stage and have partitioned old age into young-old and old-old. D. Developmental scientists have identified emerging adulthood and middle adulthood as new life stages.
A. Developmental scientists have identified emerging adulthood as a new life stage and have partitioned old age into young-old and old-old.
Which of the following is considered a social networking site? A. Facebook B. Web 2.0 C. CNN D. Yahoo
A. Facebook
Dr. DeQuincy investigates memory among adults aged 65 and older. Based on the text, the MOST specific term for Dr. DeQuincy's area of study is: A. Gerontology. B. Lifespan development. C. Adult development. D. Child development
A. Gerontology.
Developmentalists attempt to understand and explain how and why people change throughout the lifespan, from childhood to adulthood. As a result, which of these people would NOT be considered a developmentalist? A. a psychologist who studies the motivations of a multinational corporation's employees in order to improve profit margins B. an anthropologist who looks at cultural values shaping day-care choice C. a research psychologist who constructs a scale to measure the behavioral impairments produced by dementia D. a social policy expert who explores the impact of offering universal government-funded elder care in Europe
A. a psychologist who studies the motivations of a multinational corporation's employees in order to improve profit margins
Samson reads the conclusions of a research study and comes up with an alternative explanation for the data. Samson is MOST likely examining a _______ study. A. correlational B. experimental C. cross-sectional D. longitudinal
A. correlational
Dr. Anderson is evaluating a research study that looked at people of different ages and is concerned that it does not reflect how people really change as they age. The research study is MOST likely a ______ design. A. cross-sectional B. longitudinal C. experimental D. correlational
A. cross-sectional
The scientific study of aging is called: A. gerontology. B. late adulthood development. C. adult development. D. aging development.
A. gerontology.
Daryl is 8 years old, and he likes to do art projects at school. However, the projects he has completed have not received good grades, and in several instances, his friends have laughed at the things he has done. Based on Erik Erikson's theory, Daryl may fail to develop: A. industry. B. intimacy. C. identity. D. initiative.
A. industry.
In developmental research, _____ studies test people over extended periods of time. A. longitudinal B. experimental C. cross-sectional D. variable
A. longitudinal
Amy is conducting a survey of dating attitudes and behaviors among young adults as part of her master's degree thesis. Amy distributes questionnaires to 200 randomly selected students enrolled in an introductory psychology course at her university. The 200 students constitute Amy's _____. The people to whom she assumes her results will generalize are termed the _____. A. sample; population B. population; experimental group C. population; sample D. control group; population
A. sample; population
What is social learning and who is associated with it?
Albert Bandura is the psychologist most associated with social learning - people learn by watching others, our thoughts about the reinforcers determine our behavior.
Dr. Philoon was discussing the evolutionary perspective with an introductory human development class last week. She is generally not very supportive of the idea that human development and behavior can be explained by natural or inborn biological forces that have evolved to promote survival. Which might be a reason for her objection to the evolutionary viewpoint? A. Evolutionary psychologists are essentially behaviorists at heart. B. Evolutionary psychology starts with an effect and works backward to propose the explanation. C. Evolutionary psychology overrates cultural expectations and socialization. D. Evolutionary psychology alerts researchers to the necessity to pay close attention to basic human needs.
B. Evolutionary psychology starts with an effect and works backward to propose the explanation.
The text does NOT cite _____ as an example of a non-normative life transitions in the twenty-first-century United States. A. divorce B. marriage C. the death of a biological child D. how recent declines in the economy affect how people approach the world
B. Marriage
Which of the following is a normative transition? A. changing economic conditions B. becoming parents C. divorce D. death of a child
B. becoming parents
A culture that values social harmony over individual achievement is called: A. developing. B. collectivist. C. individualistic. D. developed.
B. collectivist.
A researcher announced his discovery that a specific brain structure was significantly larger in murderers than in the population as a whole. As a result, a news headline on the Internet announced: "Enlarged Brain Structure Triggers Murderous Acts." The headline writer should be reminded that: A. hyperbolic headlines should not be written on the basis of one research experiment. B. correlation is not causation. C. events can always be explained in hindsight. D. it is risky to generalize from unrepresentative samples.
B. correlation is not causation.
Dr. Thomas and his colleagues want to study the effects of parental spanking on child temperament. Since Dr. Thomas cannot randomly assign children to either be spanked or not, he must conduct a(n) _____study. A. case B. correlational C. longitudinal D. experimental
B. correlational
In the United States, developmentalists insist the retirement years should be used for vigorously connecting to the world. However, in the Hindu perspective, later life is a time to disengage from worldly concerns; ideally, people become wandering ascetics, renouncing their connections to loved ones and earthly pleasures in preparation for death. This comparison demonstrates the importance of _______ in lifespan development. A. education B. culture C. geography D. social class
B. culture
At Folger University, Drs. Chase and Sanborn are conducting an experiment on the effects of caffeine on memory. Participants are randomly assigned to a caffeine or a no-caffeine group; their recall of items on a word list is later assessed. In this experiment, word recall is the _____ variable. A. independent B. dependent C. control D. experimental
B. dependent
Professor Cook does qualitative research, which means that she is NOT interested in: A. animal research. B. making numerical comparisons between groups. C. statistical analyses. D. cross-sectional studies.
B. making numerical comparisons between groups.
Jose, 58, is entering medical school. This life change is an example of a(n) ______ transition in American culture. A. median B. non-normative C. normative D. substandard
B. non-normative
"I'm rocking statistics!" trumpeted a jubilant student in a recent social media status update. This student clearly believes she is good at statistics. Cognitive behaviorists use the term _____ to refer to such a positive belief. A. self-competence B. self-efficacy C. self-actualization D. self-esteem
B. self-efficacy
What is behaviorism and who is associated with it?
B.F. Skinner is the psychologist most associated with behaviorism - general laws of learning explain behavior in every situation at every time in life. It is vital to chart only measurable, observable responses. Developmentalists cannot study feelings and thoughts because inner experiences cannot be observed.
Dr. Estefan investigates logical reasoning in schoolchildren. Each of these terms could describe Dr. Estefan's field of study EXCEPT for: A. developmental science. B. lifespan development. C. gerontology. D. child development.
C. Gerontology
When did researchers begin to study the aging process? A. during World War II B. during World War I C. after World War II D. after World War I
C. after World War II
Dr. Allen's research examines the relationships among variables. Dr. Berg's research measures the influence of the manipulation of several variables. Dr. Allen is conducting ______ research, whereas Dr. Berg is conducting _____ research. A. experimental; correlational B. naturalistic; experimental C. correlational; experimental D. correlational; naturalistic
C. correlational; experimental
Genetic tendencies shape the environments to which people are exposed during life. Nature shapes nurture through both _____ and _____ forces. A. reactive; proactive B. interactive; disjunctive C. evocative; active D. evocative; reactive
C. evocative; active
Dr. Jiminez investigates the effects of divorce in midlife on the psychosocial development of people in their forties and fifties. Each of these labels could be applied to Dr Jiminez's field of study EXCEPT for: A. developmental science. B. lifespan development. C. gerontology. D. child development.
C. gerontology.
Dr. Hernandez assesses development using numerical scales and statistics. She is conducting: A. interview research. B. naturalistic observation. C. quantitative research. D. qualitative research.
C. quantitative research.
Jean Piaget used the term _____to refer to our mental frameworks. A.structures B. constructs C. complexes D. schemas
D. Schemas
Rachel fills out a questionnaire to examine her attitudes toward child discipline. Rachel's attitudes are being measured by: A. ability tests. B. naturalistic observation. C. a true experiment. D. a self-report.
D. a self-report.
Correlational research: A. cannot tell about relationships. B. cannot ethically be done. C. takes too long to do. D. cannot tell about specific causes or determine what causes what.
D. cannot tell about specific causes or determine what causes what.
Built-in temperamental tendencies cause people to act toward others in specific ways. The name for this nature-nurture interaction is: A. latent forces. B. unidirectional forces. C. heritability. D. evocative forces.
D. evocative forces.
According to traditional behaviorists, behavior will be _____ if it is not reinforced. A. improved B. ignored C. increased D. extinguished
D. extinguished
The Frank Sinatra song "I Did It My Way" underscores the independence valued in _____ cultures. A. developed B. developing C. collectivist D. individualistic
D. individualistic
The type of developmental research that tests an age group repeatedly over many years is called a(n) _____ study. A. placebo B. experimental C. cross-sectional D. longitudinal
D. longitudinal
DeAndre is recording instances of physical aggression among children in a schoolyard at recess. DeAndre is undertaking: A. self-report methodology. B. a true experiment. C. ability testing. D. naturalistic observation.
D. naturalistic observation.
Jaci becomes a first-time Mom at 26. This life change is an example of a(n) ______ transition in American culture. A. substandard B. non-normative C.median D. normative
D. normative
Longitudinal studies test people: A. of different races. B. of different ages. C. of different genders. D. over long periods of time.
D. over long periods of time.
A true experiment involves: A. following people over many years. B. seeing how two things naturally relate. C. assigning everyone to one group. D. randomly assigning people to different treatments.
D. randomly assigning people to different treatments.
The 1960s "Decade of Protest" included: A. the flapper era and the moral majority. B. academic freedom and moralistic relativism. C. the religious revolution and the moral majority. D. the sexual revolution and the civil rights movement.
D. the sexual revolution and the civil rights movement.
What is psychosocial and who is associated with it?
Erik Erikson is the psychologist most associated with the psychosocial stages - the 8 stages in lifespan development, each stage of development has a social crisis that must be mastered for optimal development.
What is the evolutionary theory?
Inborn, species-specific behaviors are contributors to human development and life.
In an experiment, the ______ variable is deliberately manipulated by the researcher.
Independent
What is the cognitive development theory and who is associated with it?
Jean Piaget is the psychologist most associated with the cognitive development theory - from infancy to adolescence, children progress through 4 qualitatively different stages of intellectual growth.
What is the attachment theory and who is associated with it?
John Bowlby is the psychologist most associated with the attachment theory - being closely connected to a caregiver during early childhood is crucial to survival; being attached to a significant other during the entire lifespan is important for survival.
What is psychoanalytic and who is associated with it?
Sigmund Freud is the psychologist most associated with psychoanalytic - actions are dominated by feelings that we are not aware of; the roots of emotional problems lay in repressed feelings from early childhood. Self-understanding is the key to living a fulfilling adult life. Structures of the mind include the id, ego, and superego.
What are developmental systems and who is associated with it?
Urie Bronfenbrenner is the psychologist most associated with developmental systems - stresses the need to embrace a variety of theories in explaining development, all systems and processes interrelate.