Psych Chapter 11

For his performance review, Professor Donnell is evaluated by his students, colleagues, department chair, and research assistants. This best illustrates:

360-degree feedback

In this performance appraisal method, your manager, other colleagues, customers, and even you rate your performance.

360-degree feedback

Research has shown that _____, psychological, and social-cultural influences have an influence on the sexual motivation of human beings.

Biological

_____ is an ideal form of stored energy.

Fat

Not only are we pushed by our need to reduce drives, we also are pulled by _____.

Incentives

Some motivated behaviors, such as curiosity, actually _____ arousal.

Increase

Not only are we _____ by our need to reduce drives, we also are _____ by incentives.

Pushed; Pulled

Performance appraisal methods include graphic and behavior _____.

Rating Scales

Managers who build teamwork and effectively mediate employee conflicts are said to excel in _____ leadership.

Social

Managers who build teamwork and effectively mediate employee conflicts are said to excel in:

Social Leadership

When we experience both a need as well as an incentive, we become _____ driven.

Strongly

This interview process asks the same job-related questions of all applicants, each of whom are rated on established scales.

Structured Interview

Sasha's genital areas have become engorged with blood and her vagina expands and secretes lubricant; her breasts and nipples enlarge from her partner's caresses. She is in the _____ phase.

Excitement

Calvin is a vice-president for a large corporation. He has hundreds of people reporting into him. He is very bright and excels at setting standards, organizing work, and focusing attention on important goals. Calvin uses a _____ leadership style.

Task

Goal-oriented people who set standards, organize work, and focus on attention to goals are described as having a _____ style.

Task Leadership

Fourteen-year-old Wade is experiencing an increase in the hormone _____, which causes his sexual arousal to increase.

Testosterone

In collaboration with researchers at France's National Center for Scientific Research, Andrew Geier (2006) explored a possible explanation for why French waistlines are smaller than American waistlines. This was called:

Unit Bias

An instinct is a complex behavior that has a fixed pattern throughout a species and is _____.

Unlearned

In _____, people will respond more positively to a decision if given an opportunity to express their opinion during the decision-making process.

Voice Effect

_____ were researchers in human sexuality who observed muscle contractions all over the body during orgasm.

William Masters and Virginia Johnson

The _____ cortex has been found to show increased activity in response to a sense of being ostracized.

anterior cingulate

A starving rat will lose all interest in food if its _____ is destroyed.

arcuate nucleus

A theory by Richard Ryan and Edward Deci suggests that there are three psychological needs that need to be balanced in order for us to experience a deep sense of well-being. They are relatedness, _____, and competence.

autonomy

A completely focused state of consciousness resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills is called _____.

flow

Zach's wife complains that every time he practices his guitar he loses track of time and of the needs of the family (e.g., crying baby, hungry toddler, dirty dishes). She thinks it is like he is in another world where nothing else matters to him. His focused state of consciousness is called _____.

flow

Personnel psychology is one of the main subfields of _____ psychology.

industrial-organizational

The field of _____ psychology refers to the application of psychological concepts and methods to make workers more efficient and increasingly productive.

industrial-organizational

Personnel psychology is one of the main subfields of:

industrial-organizational psychology

The field of _____ refers to the application of psychological concepts and methods to making workers more efficient and increasingly productive.

industrial-organizational psychology

The more sexual content adolescents view, the:

more likely they are to perceive their peers as sexually active.

Typically, when compared to women, men fantasize about sex _____ often, _____ physically, and less romantically.

more;more

During the _____, breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates continue to increase and sexual excitement peaks.

plateau phase

When our need for _____ is balanced with our need for autonomy and competence, we experience a deep sense of well-being.

relatedness

Our _____ is said to be a gauge of how socially accepted we feel.

self-esteem

Which part of the brain has been found to show increased activity in response to a sense of being ostracized?

the anterior cingulate cortex

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need to love and be loved is known as:

Belongingness and Love

By motivating us to satisfy our physical needs, hunger and thirst serve to:

Maintain Homeostasis

According to research by _____, one reason we feel hungry is because of stomach pangs.

A.L. Washburn and Walter Cannon

According to _____, there is a pyramid of human needs, such that the most basic physiological needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs become active

Abraham Maslow

A desire for accomplishment and for mastery of things, people, and ideas, is called _____ motivation. It is related to setting and reaching high standards.

Achievement

Which philosopher referred to human beings as "the social animal"?

Aristotle

The perspective on motivation that focuses on finding the right level of stimulation is known as _____ theory.

Arousal

Monkeys will spend time trying to figure out how to open a latch that opens nothing. This is an example of:

Arousal Theory

When our need for relatedness is balanced with our need for _____ and competence, we experience a deep sense of well-being.

Autonomy

The secretion of PYY _____ hunger.

Decreases

According to research on the so-called 10-year rule, superstar achievers are distinguished by their:

Discipline

A group of protesters went on a hunger strike and drastically lowered their caloric intake. It is likely that in response to this semi-starvation their basal metabolic rate _____ and they lost weight.

Dropped

Human factor psychologists work at designing _____ environments.

Efficient

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for achievement, competence, and independence is known as:

Esteem

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for recognition and respect from others is known as _____.

Esteem

_____ is a sex hormone that is secreted in greater amounts in females than in males.

Estrogen

_____ is a concept that hypothesizes a focused state of consciousness that occurs when someone is completely involved in an activity, with diminished awareness of self and time.

Flow

When stressed, people crave carbohydrates. Carbohydrates help raise levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, which has a calming effect. This is an example of taste preferences being influenced by _____ factors.

Genetic

This is a hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach.

Ghrelin

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues is known as _____.

Glucose

When the level of _____ in your blood drops, your hunger increases.

Glucose

According to Angela Duckworth and Martin Seligman, _____ distinguishes extremely successful individuals from those who are not so successful.

Grit

According to Angela Duckworth and Martin Seligman, which of the following distinguishes extremely successful individuals?

Grit

The perspective on motivation that describes how some of our needs take priority over others is known as:

Hierarchy of needs

The goal of drive reduction is _____.

Homeostasis

Two-thirds of commercial air accidents have been caused by:

Human Error

_____ psychologists help to design appliances, machines, and work settings that fit human perceptions and inclinations.

Human Factor

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of a(n):

Instinct

_____ is a hormone secreted by the pancreas to control blood glucose.

Insulin

Stereotypes about obese people often portray them as slow and _____.

Lazy

In the 1920's when hemlines reached the knee, an exposed female leg was considered erotic. Today an exposed leg is less likely to elicit such a response. This is an example of emotional response _____ caused by repeated exposure.

Lessening

With repeated exposure, the emotional response to any erotic stimulus often _____, or habituates.

Lessens

Terrell is NOT feeling hungry at the moment. This is likely because his ghrelin levels are _____.

Low

One objection to the instinct theory of motivation is that it does not explain human behaviors but simply _____ them.

Names

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, people are motivated to satisfy basic physiological and safety needs before pursuing higher _____ needs.

Psychological

According to the text, human motivation aims not to eliminate arousal but to seek _____ levels of arousal.

Optimum

_____ is a hunger-triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus.

Orexin

The correct order of the stages of the sexual response cycle is excitement, plateau, _____, and resolution.

Orgasm

According to research on the "curse of knowledge," technology developers mistakenly assume that:

Others share their expertise

_____ is a digestive tract hormone that sends "I'm not hungry" signals to the brain.

PYY

Which of the following is indicative of a sexual disorder?

Premature Ejaculation

The correct order of the stages of the sexual response cycle is excitement, plateau, orgasm, and ______.

Resolution

During which phase of the sexual response cycle does the refractory period begin?

Resolution Phase

Abraham Maslow theorized that some people reach a level where they search for meaning and identity beyond themselves known as _____.

Self-Trancedence

The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set is called

Set Point

When an overweight person's body drops beneath their _____, the person's hunger increases and metabolism decreases.

Set Point

People with a transformational leadership style exhibit which of the following characteristics?

They articulate high standards. They inspire people to share their vision. They offer personal attention.

Natural extraverts who articulate high standards and who motivate employees to be more engaged, trusting, and effective, use:

Transformational Leadership

Brian Wansink noted that even nutritional experts would eat more if given a large bowl of ice cream, and even more if given a large scoop with which to scoop the ice cream. This best illustrates _____ bias.

Unit

Brian Wansink noted that even nutritional experts would eat more if given a large bowl of ice cream, and even more if given a large scoop with which to scoop the ice cream. This best illustrates:

Unit Bias

People who are excluded from desirable social groups are more likely to become _____.

aggressive

The text suggests that the brain "is our most significant sex organ"

because sexual desire can be experienced even in the absence of physical stimuli.

Research has shown which of the following to be an influence on the sexual motivation of human beings?

biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences all affect human sexual motivation

Lara's mouth is dry and she realizes that she hasn't had anything to drink all morning. The water level in her cells has dropped and she feels thirsty. Watching people drink large glasses of soda is upsetting her and at the next opportunity, she will take an extra-large drink. Lara's thirst and her desire to take an extra-large drink can be understood in terms of _____ theory.

drive-reduction

The perspective on motivation that focuses on how inner pushes and external pulls interact is known as:

drive-reduction theory.