psych chapter 12

Phillippe Pinel

1700s French physician who suggested talking to mentally ill and to stop treating them poorly -many of the patients were able to leave the asylum after talking -MORAL THERAPY

Asylums

18th century tactic where mentally ill people would be placed here -instead of treating the disorders, people were ostracized and separated from the normal people

psycho-educational treatment

A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This exemplifies...

half (50.6%)

About _____ of children with mental illnesses were treated within the past year

19

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ______% of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012.

1954

Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in...

emotionally focused therapy

EFT stands for...

counterconditioning

Exposure therapy is a ________ technique.

3

Generally, the addict needs to be in treatment for at least ___ months to achieve a positive outcome...

demons

In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was possessed by...

1/4

Of the homeless individuals in U.S. shelters, about ____ have a severe mental illness...

antidepressants

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of...

26

Statistics show that _____% of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness.

client's personal goals

The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the...

stimulants

The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache

19%

What percentage of US adults and teens experienced a mental illness in 2012?

About 13%

What percentage of the adults and teenagers with mental illness received treatment within a year?

anxiety

Which mental disorder is least likely to be treated in children 8-15 years old?

atypical antipsychotics

________________can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes as well as elevate cholesterol levels; it can also cause constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, and dizziness

Systematic desensitization (exposure therapy)

a calm and pleasant state is gradually associated with increasing levels of anxiety-inducing stimuli

Counterconditioning (behavior therapy)

a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior -aversive vs expose

Trephining

a small hole was made in skull of the mentally ill person -aimed to make an opening where spirits could escape -most people died when treated this way

Nondirective play therapy

children are encouraged to work through their problems by playing freely while the therapist observes

Individual therapy

client and clinician meet one-on-one

Group therapy

clinician will meet with several clients with similar problems at the same time -can help with social skills and relating to others -could also lead to harm and concern of lack of confienciality in the group

Psychosis

common diagnosis that showed symptoms of hallucinations and delusions, with loss of contact to society -antipsychotic medicines began to help this in the mid 20th century

Psychoanalysis (psychotherapy technique)

first form of psychotherapy developed by Sigmund Freud -Freud believed that most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood and this therapy could uncover the long-buried feelings -Free association and dream analysis -transference (patient-therapist approach) -psychotherapy technique

Cognitive therapy (psychotherapy technique)

focuses on how a person's thoughts lead to feelings of distress -how you think determines how you feel and act -Aaron Beck 1960s and depression

Exorcism

incantations and prayers said over person's body, as well medicinal drinks -usually said by priests or other religious figures -aimed to release bad spirits from the possessed person's body

Biomedical therapy

involves treatment of disorders using medication and/or medical procedures to treat them

Voluntary treatment

person chooses to attend therapy to obtain relief of symptoms

Psychotherapy

psychological treatment for disorders that employs various methods to help someone overcome personal problems, or to attain personal growth -evolved into what is known as psychodynamic therapy

Play therapy (psychotherapy technique)

technique that uses a therapeutic process of play to "help clients prevent or resolve psychosocial difficulties and achieve optimal growth" -children interacting with toys- can produce a diagnosis (disturbed behavior) -nondirective vs directive

Prefrontal cortex

the area of the brain associated with decision-making and judgement -drugs can alter the neural structure of this area

Transference

the patient transfers all the positive or negative emotions associated with the patient's other relationships to the psychoanalyst -patient-therapist approach

Deinstitutionalization

the process of closing large asylums and providing for people to stay in their community to be treated locally

behavioral therapy

therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors

Strategic family therapy

therapist aims to address specific problems within the family htat cen be dealt with in a relatively short amount of time

Structural family therapy

therapist examines and discusses the boundaries and structure of the family: who makes the rules, who sleeps in the bed with whom, how decisions are made, etc

Directive play therapy

therapist provides more structure and guidance in the play session by suggesting topics, asking questions, and even playing with the child

Intake

therapist's first meeting with a client -therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs such as the presenting problem, the client's support system, and insurance status. The therapist informs the client about confidentiality, fees, and what to expect in a therapy session

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (psychotherapy technique)

therapy approach designed to change the way people think as well as how they act -makes individuals more aware of negative thoughts (cognitive therapy) as well as engage in more positive and healthy approaches to daily situations (behavioral therapy) -focuses more on the present than the past -ABC model -cognitive distortions- overgeneralization, all or nothing thinking, jumping to conclusions

Family therapy

therapy approach that looks at a group, or family, as a whole or an organized system, where each person contributes to the group to shape it -SYSTEMS APPROACH -enhance growth of each member and the family as a whole -structural, strategic

Sociocultural perspective

therapy model that looks at you, you behaviors, and your symptoms in the context of you culture and background

Humanistic approach (psychotherapy technique)

therapy technique that focuses on helping people achieve their potential -more self-aware and accepting of themselves -focus on conscious thoughts -Rogers- client-centered therapy (active listening, unconditional positive regard)

Involuntary treatment

therapy that is not the individual's choice

Dream analysis

therapy were therapist interprets the underlying meaning of dreams

Behavior therapy (psychotherapy technique)

therapy where therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors- rather than digging deeply into one's unconscious -classical and operant conditioning -counterconditioning

Couples therapy

two people in an intimate relationship are having difficulties and are trying to resolve them -COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY -discuss conflicts and aspects of the relationship that they want to change -"piloting a helicopter in a hurricane"

Cultural competence

understanding and addressing issues of race, culture, and ethnicity -health professionals must develop this in order to help many different people

Applied behavior analysis (ABA)

uses operant conditioning reinforcement to help produce want behaviors in autistic children such as sitting in a chair, starting a conversation, etc. -Also using punishment can try and discourage undesirable behaviors

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

using an electrical current to induce seizures to help alleviate the effects of severe depression -has side effects which has made it become a "last resort" therapy -transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been more effective with less side effects

Aversive conditioning

version of counterconditioning that uses an unpleasant stimulus to stop an undesirable behavior -used to stop addictive behaviors -Ex: Antabuse- causes feelings of sickness when consuming alcohol

Exposure therapy

version of counterconditioning where a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it -Mary Cover Jones and Peter's fear of rabbits -seeks to change response to a conditioned stimulus (rabbit in Jones experiment)

Free association

when patient relaxes and then says whatever comes to mind in the moment -Freud believed that the ego would repressed and hide painful memories

Dorothea Dix

woman who pushed for mental health care in the 19th century -lead to the creation of the first mental asylums in the US