Psych Chapter 2
A neuron's resting potential is _____ mV.
-70
An action potential takes about _____ to complete.
1 ms
The effects of which neurotransmitter are enhanced by drugs like Valium and Xanax?
GABA
_____ is the idea that each cerebral hemisphere processes certain types of information and excels at certain activities.
Lateralization
Pioneering split-brain studies were conducted by:
Sperry
While conducting an experiment with a split-brain patient, an image of a screwdriver will be flashed in a split-brain patient's right visual field. Based on research in this area, it is expected that the patient will be:
able to name the object.
While mapping the human motor cortex, Penfield and Boldrey (1937) noted that there was less cortex dedicated to the _____ than the _____.
arm; tongue
Terminal buds are found at the ends of:
axons.
Katelyn has suffered a serious injury to the left hemisphere of her brain. It would be helpful for Katelyn's friends to know that there's a chance Katelyn will:
be unable to speak.
The central nervous system consists of the:
brain and the spinal cord.
A growing number of attorneys are submitting _____ in court as legal evidence that demonstrates a psychological disturbance.
brain scans
Leia is preparing for a quiz tomorrow morning, so she notes that _____ is released by the adrenal glands.
cortisol
Later in the course, students will learn about the different patterns of electrical activity in the brain that occur in the different stages of sleep and dreaming. Given that researchers studying sleep look at electrical activity in the brains of their subjects, what technique are they using?
electroencephalogram (EEG)
After the split-brain procedure, Sperry and Gazzaniga's patients:
experienced fewer seizures.
A synapse is a:
gap.
Pizza! Beer! Sex! Our motivation or drive for such things is based in part on the activity of the brain structure known as the:
hypothalamus.
Split-brain studies demonstrated that the left hemisphere plays a big role in _____ and the right hemisphere plays a big role in _____.
language; visual-spatial tasks
Dr. Thomas is preparing to conduct a research study on individuals with traumatic brain injuries. In order to document the extent of injury, subjects will undergo brain imaging at the start of the study. If Dr. Thomas is interested in documenting structural damage to the brain, which imaging technique should she use for the study?
magnetic resonance image (MRI)
In _____, a computer analyzes the electromagnetic response of the brain, creating cross-sectional images similar to those produced by computerized axial topography (CAT), but with superior detail.
magnetic resonance imaging
After being shot in the head in Iraq, what type of glial cells defended Brandon's brain from infection and inflammation?
microglia
Expose yourself to new information and activities and your brain will continue to develop and adapt. Thanks to _____ there is no limit to the amount you can learn!
neuroplasticity
The ability of the brain to heal, grow new connections, and make do with what is available is a characteristic we refer to as:
neuroplasticity.
The stories of both Brandon and Christina provide examples of:
neuroplasticity.
Carmen is driving at night in an unfamiliar city. The neighborhood looks dangerous and Carmen feels lost and on edge. The neurotransmitter _____ is helping her cope with the stress of the situation.
norepinephrine
Brain scans reveal that when visually impaired people learn Braille early in life, brain areas specialized for vision become active, suggesting that they become involved in processing touch sensations. Based on that information, these areas becoming active are probably in the _____ lobe.
occipital
After a terrible car accident, Portia's family is just happy she's alive. However, doctors are now concerned that Portia has sustained an injury to brain areas that process visual information. Where do doctors suspect she has been injured?
occipital lobe
In order to study the function of a brain, behavioral neuroscientists sometimes use _____, which involves injecting a radioactive tracer into the bloodstream of a patient.
positron emission tomography (PET)
Kate has suffered a stroke resulting in left-hemisphere damage. A healthcare professional managing her rehabilitation might suggest that Kate will need assistance with:
reciting a shopping list out loud.
A rare and last resort operation, the hemispherectomy is only performed on patients suffering from severe seizures that can't be controlled in other ways. A hemispherectomy is a surgery to:
remove nearly half of the brain.
Megan is writing a paper on the pineal gland. It is likely Megan's paper will focus on:
sleep.
Brandon was struck in the head by a bullet in Iraq. If the bullet had struck Brandon's _____ instead of his brain, the paralysis could have affected his entire body.
spinal cord
Public speaking frightens Pavel. Unfortunately, he is scheduled to give a presentation when his class begins in 5 minutes. Pavel's _____ nervous system is probably preparing his body for this crisis.
sympathetic
During a hockey game, Jamie sustained a brain injury. The doctor explains that Jamie's hearing and language comprehension may be affected. Where do doctors suspect she has been injured?
temporal lobe
The job of the _____ is to process and relay sensory information to appropriate parts of the cortex.
thalamus
Sensory and motor information are integrated in _____ area(s) of the cortex.
the association
The role of _____ is to protect and insulate the axon and to speed up the neural message.
the myelin sheath
While walking to class, Tony saw someone slip and fall on some ice and hit her head on the ground. While waiting for the ambulance to arrive, the person said they were seeing stars. Tony mentioned this to the emergency responder since it's likely that people in this profession understand that symptoms like "seeing stars" are an indication that activity in the _____ was disrupted.
occipital
Brandon, who was shot on the left side of his head, suffered paralysis and loss of sensation:
on the right half of his body.
