Psych Chapter 5

Freud called the contents of our waking life that spill into our dreams 1 . the day residue. 4 . manifest content. 3 . reticular synthesis. 4 . wish fulfillment.

1 . the day residue

Rebecca is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the printout from the EEG, delta waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Rebecca 1 . is still awake, but is relaxed and drowsy. 2 . has just entered stage 1 sleep. 3 . has just entered stage 3 sleep. 4 . is currently in REM sleep.

3 . has just entered stage 3 sleep

Individuals with partial sleep deprivation or sleep restriction experience 1 . impaired decision-making. 2 . impaired attention. 3 . impaired attention, motor coordination, and decision-making. 4 . impaired motor coordination.

3 . impaired attention, motor coordination, and decision-making

After being deprived of REM sleep for several days, when first allowed uninterrupted sleep people tend to spend additional time in REM sleep. This increase in REM sleep is called the 1 . dream-rebound effect. 2 . catch-up effect. 3 . rebound effect. 4 . dream effect.

3 . rebound effect

Stephen wanders about while remaining asleep. Stephen's condition is called 1 . narcology. 2 . sleep tremors. 3 . somnambulism. 4 . agnosia.

3 . somnambulism

Freud called the contents of our waking life that spill into our dreams 1 . reticular synthesis. 2 . manifest content. 3 . the day residue. 4 . wish fulfillment.

3 . the day residue

According to Freud, a sexually frustrated person would probably have highly erotic dreams because, according to him, the principal purpose of a dream is 1 . conflict resolution. 2 . sexual gratification. 3 . wish-fulfillment. 4 . the repression of unconscious desires.

3 . wish-fulfillment

All of the following are theories about why we sleep EXCEPT: 1 . Sleep restores energy and other body resources. 2 . Sleep conserves energy. 3 . Sleep minimizes exposure to predators and other dangers. 4 . Sleep allows brain activity to stop.

4 . Sleep allows brain activity to stop

Sleepwalking is MOST likely to occur 1 . when a person has emotional or psychological problems. 2 . after a person has been asleep for several hours. 3 . during slow-wave sleep. 4 . during REM sleep.

4 . during REM sleep

Rebecca is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the printout from the EEG, delta waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Rebecca 1 . has just entered stage 1 sleep. 2 . is still awake, but is relaxed and drowsy. 3 . is currently in REM sleep. 4 . has just entered stage 3 sleep.

4 . has just entered stage 3 sleep

The role-playing theory of hypnosis offered by Barber and Spanos suggests that the hypnotized subject 1 . actually fakes the hypnotic state to trick the hypnotist. 2 . enters into a trance and acts out suggestions. 3 . knows that he or she is only pretending for entertainment purposes. 4 . is in a normal state but acts out the role of a hypnotized person.

4 . is in a normal state but acts out the role of a hypnotized person.

A disease marked by sudden and irresistible onset of sleep during normal waking hours is 1 . sleep apnea. 2 . reverse insomnia. 3 . somnambulism. 4 . narcolepsy.

4 . narcolepsy

Which of the following is a characteristic of REM sleep? 1 . relatively little dreaming 2 . regular breathing and pulse rate 3 . unstable EEG activity 4 . rapid eye movements

4 . rapid eye movements

Martin wakes up hundreds of times each night gasping for air. He suffers from 1 . narcolepsy. 2 . respiratory deficiency. 3 . insomnia. 4 . sleep apnea.

4 . sleep apnea

As a person falls into deeper sleep, his pattern of brain wave activity becomes both _____ in frequency and _____ in amplitude. 1 . faster; lower 2 . slower; lower . 3 . faster; higher 4 . slower; higher

4 . slower; higher

The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense out of bursts of general firing from lower brain centers is the core of 1 . no current theory of dreaming. 2 . the problem-solving theory of dreaming 3 . the wish-fulfillment theory of dreaming. 4 . the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming.

4 . the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming

Danielle had a dream in which she was playing rummy with an elephant wearing suspenders. The next instant, the elephant had changed into one of her grade school teachers and they were watching a purple sunset over a red ocean. According to the activation synthesis model of dreaming, the sudden bizarre changes in settings that took place in Danielle's dream represent 1 . an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers. 2 . the manifest content of the dream. 3 . the latent content of the dream. 4 . an attempt to work through problems she is currently experiencing in her life.

1 . an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers.

A person typically has _____ sleep cycles during the course of a night's sleep. 1 . four 2 . six 3 . one 4 . two

1 . four

The procedure used by a hypnotist that relaxes an individual and increases his/her attention and suggestibility is called a 1 . hypnotic induction. 2 . hypnotic trance. 3 . hypnotic dissociation. 4 . hypnotic deduction.

1 . hypnotic induction

The content of MOST dreams is usually 1 . mundane. 2 . exotic. 3 . exciting. 4 . erotic.

1 . mundane

This view states that hypnosis produces a normal mental state in which people behave as they think hypnotized people are supposed to: 1 . the role playing view 2 . disassociation theory 3 . the altered state view 4 . divided consciousness theory

1 . role playing view

Matthew often wakes up and wanders around the house in his sleep, usually during the first three hours of the night or so. He is MOST likely 1 . a somnambulist. 2 . a hypersomniac. 3 . a phototrapist. 4 . an insomniac.

1 . a somnambulist

The idea that dreams are times when people can think creatively about what is going on in their lives and then use that information later when awake is consistent with _____ view of dreams. 1 . Cartwright's 2 . Freud's 3 . Hobson and McCarley's 4 . Dement's

1 . Cartwright's

Circadian rhythms are biological cycles that are 1 . 90 minutes in length. 2 . 24 hours in length. 3 . on a monthly cycle. 4 . on a seasonal cycle.

2 . 24 hours in length

All of the following statements about culture and dreams are true EXCEPT: 1 . Some cultures believe that dreams provide information about the future. 2 . In Western cultures, most people think dreams are significant and meaningful communications from the unconscious. 3 . In many non-Western cultures, dreams are viewed as important information about oneself. 4 . In some cultures, people are held responsible for their dream actions.

2 . In Western cultures, most people think dreams are significant and meaningful communications from the unconscious.

Results from a variety of selective deprivation sleep studies have shown that people have a specific need for 1 . REM sleep. 2 . REM and slow-wave sleep. 3 . at least four hours of sleep each night. 4 . slow-wave sleep.

2 . REM and slow-wave sleep

The idea that hypnosis splits consciousness into two streams is known as 1 . Freudian theory of hypnosis. 2 . altered state or "dissociative" theory of hypnosis. 3 . divided consciousness theory of hypnosis. 4 . role-playing theory of hypnosis.

2 . altered state or "dissociative" theory of hypnosis.

Logan has a dream in which he is taken captive by a band of talking cats who force him to solve complex algebra problems for them. According to Rosalind Cartwright's cognitive theory of dreaming, the images in Logan's dream represent 1 . an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers. 2 . an attempt to work through problems he is currently experiencing in his life. 4 . the manifest content of the dream. 4 . the latent content of the dream.

2 . an attempt to work through problems he is currently experiencing in his life.

Matthew has persistent early-morning awakening from sleep. He is MOST likely 1 . a hypersomniac. 2 . an insomniac. 3 . a somnambulist. 4 . a phototrapist.

2 . an insomniac

The hypothesis concerning the evolutionary bases of sleep that has the strongest support suggests that sleep evolved to help individuals 1 . reduce the risk of accidents during the night part of the day-night cycle. 2 . conserve energy. 3 . reduce exposure to predators. 4 . restore energy and other bodily resources.

2 . conserve energy

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility is known as what? 1 . mesmerization 2 . hypnosis 3 . hallucinations 4 . hypersomnia

2 . hypnosis

REM periods of sleep tend to _____ as the night goes on. 1 . lighten 2 . lengthen 3 . shorten 4 . deepen

2 . lengthen

Compared to adults, infants sleep for a _____ period of time each day and spend a _____ proportion of their total sleep time in REM sleep. 1 . longer; smaller 2 . longer; larger 3 . shorter; larger 4 . shorter; smaller

2 . longer; larger

Which of the following statements about culture and dreams is LEAST accurate? 1 . some basic dream themes appear to be nearly universal across cultures 2 . people in Western societies tend to vividly recall around 100% their dreams 3 . in many cultures, dreams are seen as a window into the spiritual world 4 . in Western cultures, dreams are largely considered insignificant

2 . people in Western societies tend to vividly recall around 100% their dreams

Cartwright theorized that dreams 1 . provide a window to the conscious mind 2 . provide a practical approach to problem-solving 3 . reflect wish fulfillment 4 . reflect reality

2 . provide a practical approach to problem-solving

Sleep spindles, which appear against a background of mixed, mostly lower frequency EEG activity, are characteristic of 1 . stage 1 sleep. 2 . stage 2 sleep. 3 . stage 4 sleep. 4 . REM sleep.

2 . stage 2 sleep

Peter is in a deep sleep and his brain wave pattern consists of low frequency delta waves. Peter is experiencing which stage of sleep? 1 . REM 2 . stage 3 (or 3 & 4 in the "older" sleep stage model) 3 . stage 1 4 . stage 2

2 . stage 3 (or 3 & 4 in the "older" sleep stage model)

The brain wave pattern of a person in _____ sleep resembles the brain wave pattern observed when the individual is awake and alert 1 . stage 1 2 . stage 2 3 . REM 4 . NREM

3 . REM

The notion of "day residue" as the basis for dream content was first proposed by 1 . Rosalind Cartwright. 2 . J. Allan Hobson. 3 . Sigmund Freud. 4 . Roy Baumeister.

3 . Sigmund Freud

The personal awareness you have of both internal and external stimuli, and your thoughts concerning those stimuli, comprise your 1 . attention. 2 . unconsciousness. 3 . consciousness. 4 . alertness.

3 . consciousness