psych chapter 5

A 6-year-old child with a mental age of 6 would have a ratio IQ of...

100

Santos is 8 years old and, according to the Stanford Binet, he has a mental age of 10. What is his IQ?

125

Unrehearsed information stored in short-term memory lasts about:

30 seconds

Which of the following is best known for "g" factor?

Charles Spearman

Which of the following best describes the Flynn effect?

Each generation appears to be getting smarter than previous generations.

refers to auditory sensory memory, which is retained for up to several seconds.

Echoic memory

refers to the retention of information about the where, when, and what of life's happenings.

Episodic memory

Who is most associated with the #7, +/- 2?

George Miller

refers to visual memory, which is retained only for about a quarter of a second.

Iconic memory

Identify the true statement about deductive reasoning.

It moves from a general principle to a specific case.

Which of the following is an example of prospective memory?

Meg has to remember to do to her orthodontist after school.

a concept developed by Alfred Binet, is an individual's level of mental development relative to that of others.

Mental age

The Vietnamese language has the sound that goes with the letters NG at the beginning of words, including names. Americans have difficulty hearing and speaking that sound. That sound is a kind of...

Phoneme

George has just graduated college and is going on his first big job interview. He has learned that there are twelve other applicants for the job. Because of information on the serial position effect that he learned in his psychology class, George asks to be either the first or the last candidate interviewed. Why?

The serial position effect predicts that either the first or the last job applicant interviewed will be remembered better than the applicant interviewed second.

Which of the following is not one of the 4 steps to problem solving?

ask for others' opinions

The Hilderness family had planned to take a flight for their vacation to Disneyworld. After hearing news of a plane crash in Ney York, they then drove more than 1000 miles to Orlando. Despite knowing that fatal car crashes are far more common than airplane crashes, their decision mainly involves...

availability heuristic

The fact that we hear about airplane crashes on the news more often than we hear about automobile crashes may lead us to believe that we are more likely to die in a place than a car. This is an example of a...

availability heuristic

After taking the Stanford-Binet, it was determined that Chuck has a chronological age of 16 and a mental age of 12. Which level of intelligence would most likely describe Chuck's intellectual functioning?

borderline

Dante wrote down a grocery list of items, but when he gets to the store, he realizes that he left the list home. The list included: bread, eggs, milk, butter, toilet paper, tissues, paper towels, oranges, soap and toothpaste. According to the primacy effect, which of the following is he most likely to remember when he gets to the store?

bread, eggs, and milk

When asked to memorize the 15 letters, CIACBSABCFBIIRS, Manny reorganizes them into CIA, CBS, ABC, FBI, and IRS. Manny used the tactic of

chunking

Tammy wants to get the highest score2/2 she can on the ACT so she is taking is at her own high school, where she learned the information that is on the test. This is an example of which type of memory?

context dependent memory

V Minorites in the past have often scored lower on IQ tests than the American white middle class. The reason for this is...

cultural bias

Dr. Ambrose is administering an intelligence test, and one question asks, "In what month of the year is the Super Bowl played?" Students from countries outside of the United States may have problems with this question, because it is probably:

culturally biased.

______________memory is the conscious recollection of facts and events, whereas __________ memory involves unconsciously knowing skills derived from past experience. *

declarative; non-declarative

The unit of cognitive information inside the brain believed to be the means by which memories are stored which creates a permanent change in the brain when we memorize something is known as:

engram

A group of friends watched an episode of a crime investigation show. After discussing the show, they determined that they would have been able to solve the crime more expertly than did the television investigators. the friends' overestimation of their ability to determine who committed the crime is most likely due to a reasoning error knows as...

hindsight bias

Identify the element of sensory memory that would be most useful in quickly scanning a map of a country to learn the geographical location of its states.

iconic memory

Rose picks up a chocolate biscuit from a jar. The first biscuit she eats from the jar is stale. She empties all other biscuits from the jar into the dustbin, as she believes that all the other biscuits must also be stale. Which of the following types of reasoning is Rose using in disposing the biscuits away?

inductive

If a series of test results are normally distributed, this means that:

most scores are around the average with some scores being lower or higher.

Implicit memory, procedural memory, and priming are all associated with...

non-declarative memory

Cognitive psychology studies all of the following except:

observable behavior.

Noam Chomsky's view of language proposes that:

people have an inherent language acquisition device.

Which one of the following is NOT one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?

practical

What is the term for the activation of information that people already have in storage to help them remember new information better and faster?

priming

Roger is a senior and has just finished studying for his Spanish final. The next day when taking his final exam for his Spanish class all he can do is think of the French he learned when he was a sophomore. Roger is dealing with...

proactive interference

David's roommate, Ryan, asks David for advice on how to study for his final exams. Applying his knowledge of context-dependent memory, David will be most likely to recommend that Ryan study:

quietly in the classroom in which he is going to take his exam.

Minutes before her biology test, Katie tries to learn the definition of "osmosis" from her class notes. She repeats the definition over and over again in her mind until she is confident that she will remember it. Which of the following methods is Katie using to memorize the definition?

rehearsal

Which of the following is NOT one of the four processes of encoding memory?

rehearsal

A high school football coach decides to use the time taken to run up 100 stairs as a test for running endurance. he tests every team member on 3 consecutive days and finds that the times for each person are very much the same on all three trials. His test for endurance appears to have good...

reiability

Although participants routinely scored about the same every time, the new fire fighters' aptitude test showed almost no correlation to their actual performance. Hence, it can be inferred that this new test is:

reliable but not valid

If an intelligence test produces the same score over multiple administrations, but does not accurately measure intelligence, then the test is:

reliable but not valid.

Which of the following best illustrates episodic memory?

remembering that Winnie the Pooh came to your 4th birthday party

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory of memory, memory storage involves which of the following three systems?

sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

Margo recently took the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. He scored high on the performance scale but poorly on the verbal scale.One likely reason for this is because...

she has difficulty understanding the English language

Betsy decided not to try out for the stem team because the boys in her math class told her that girls never do well in math and science tasks. This is an example of...

stereotypic threat

The maintaining of information in memory is known as:

storage.

If a child's mental age is higher than her chronological age, this means that:

the child's IQ score is higher than normal.

Metacognition refers to:

thinking about thinking.

Which of the following is a good example of functional fixedness?

using a dime as a screwdriver when you cant find one to tighten a screw

Anterograde amnesia is ___________ whereas retrograde is a loss of memory ________ the injury.

when memory is lost for events that follow an injury; before