Psych Chapter 6

Our two chemosensory systems are the _______ system and the _______ system. A) taste; olfactory B) taste; auditory C) auditory; visual D) olfactory; touch

A) taste; olfactory

Why would you feel pain when placing your hand on both a hot and a cold pipe at the same time? A) Touch receptors are reporting the sensations of heat and cold, but the brain combines the two and perceives pain. B) The juxtaposition of hot and cold metal scalds your skin. C) Any vibration of the pipes interferes with the normal functioning of your free nerve endings. D) The free nerve endings in your hand cannot distinguish between hot and cold sensations.

A) Touch receptors are reporting the sensations of heat and cold, but the brain combines the two and perceives pain.

The concept of labeled lines refers to the fact that A) a separate set of nerves transmits information from each sensory receptor organ to the brain. B) the brain operates like a telephone switchboard. C) separate areas of the thalamus process all of the sensory information at once. D) each neuron in your body can be labeled according to the shape and size of its axon.

A) a separate set of nerves transmits information from each sensory receptor organ to the brain.

Imagine your professor asks you to conduct an experiment in which you have to increase the intensity of a light several times and determine the smallest change in the intensity of light that your friend can detect. You are measuring your friend's A) just noticeable difference (JND). B) Gestalt perception. C) sensory code. D) absolute threshold.

A) just noticeable difference (JND)

Occlusion is a _______ depth cue. A) monocular B) binocular C) proprioceptive D) vestibular

A) monocular

Sensory adaptation is the A) progressive loss of responsiveness in sensory cells exposed to a constant stimulus. B) progressive evolution of sensory systems throughout human history. C) heightening of sensory responses to unfamiliar stimuli. D) heightening of sensory responses to familiar stimuli.

A) progressive loss of responsiveness in sensory cells exposed to a constant stimulus.

The main idea behind Gestalt psychology is that A) the whole perception is more than just the sum of our separate sensations. B) photons are perceived by a mental organ separate from the visual system. C) sensations and perceptions have a one-to-one correspondence. D) perception is essentially the sum of our separate sensations.

A) the whole perception is more than just the sum of our separate sensations

The greatest adaptive, perceptual advantage to having two ears rather than one is that A) we are more easily able to localize sounds with two ears. B) the head does not cast a sound shadow when there are ears on opposite sides. C) sounds seem more pleasant when heard with two ears. D) the cochlea functions more efficiently if both ears are functioning properly

A) we are more easily able to localize sounds with two ears.

A scientist hypothesizes that a given touch receptor cell will respond to contact of the thumb on a rough surface. To which of the following features of a touch receptor does this hypothesis refer? A) A vague border B) Its receptive field C) A combination of submodalities that are being reported D) a free nerve ending

B) Its receptive field

Which of the following phenomena tends to support color opponent theory as an alternative to trichromatic theory? A) Occurrence of afterimages with opposite colors B) Recognition of blue as a primary color C) Variety of photoreceptors in the eye D) Association of light wavelengths with color

B) Recognition of blue as a primary color

In order to distinguish sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami tastes, humans have A) three specialized types of taste receptors: salty/sweet, bitter/sour, and umami. B) a specialized type of taste receptor for each of the five taste categories. C) special locations on the tongue where each taste is processed. D) nearly twice as many salty receptors as the other types of receptors combined.

B) a specialized type of taste receptor for each of the five taste categories.

. The primary function of the outer ear, or pinna, is to A) vibrate in concert with the surrounding air molecules. B) gather sounds and direct them to the middle ear. C) filter out sounds of low and high frequency. D) dampen loud sounds.

B) gather sounds and direct them to the middle ear

Photoreceptors are the A) primary receptors of the vestibular system. B) light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina. C) vibration-sensitive cells in the inner ear. D) cells that relay information from the retina to the cerebral cortex.

B) light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina.

While you are sitting in a park, you see a tulip that is exposed to the sun. Shortly after you notice it, the tulip is exposed to the shade. According to the concept of color constancy, you perceive that the color of the tulip has A) changed, based on your prior experience with objects. B) remained the same, but the lighting conditions have changed. C) remained the same, because you cannot trust your sensations in bright light. D) changed, because tulips normally change in color due to the heat

B) remained the same, but the lighting conditions have changed.

Eyes and ears are A) sensory codes. B) sensory receptor organs. C) labeled lines. D) interneurons.

B) sensory receptor organs.

In psychology, the word "noise" is defined as A) an unwanted sound. B) the firing of a sensory cell without a stimulus or in response to an irrelevant stimulus. C) the misclassification of a hit or miss in a signal detection experiment. D) a factor that is always manipulated in controlled psychophysical experiments.

B) the firing of a sensory cell without a stimulus or in response to an irrelevant stimulus.

The primary function of the three ossicles of the middle ear is to A) act as a funnel for sounds from the outside world. B) transmit vibrations to the inner ear. C) deflect sounds from the inner ear. D) stand still as the outer ear vibrates.

B) transmit vibrations to the inner ear.

IIn which of the following scenarios would you be most likely to succumb to a false alarm in signal detection? A) Listening for the kitchen timer to beep while you are cooking dinner B) Monitoring for the vibration of your phone in your pocket while you are sitting C) Listening for the sound of unknown creatures while you are walking alone in the woods at night D) Listening for raindrops on a quiet afternoon

C) Listening for the sound of unknown creatures while you are walking alone in the woods at night

Which best illustrates photoreceptor adaptation? A) Your photoreceptors have evolved to see many different colors. B) You perceive the color red differently if it is placed next to the color blue rather than next to another red object. C) You find it difficult to avoid walking into objects when you first enter a dark room, until your eyes adjust. D) You are able to identify colors easily, except for differences between red and green.

C) You find it difficult to avoid walking into objects when you first enter a dark room, until your eyes adjust.

The bending of light by the _______ and _______ focuses a sharp image onto the retina. A) cornea; optic nerve B) optic disc; fovea C) cornea; lens D) lens; optic disc

C) cornea; lens

The specialized receptor cells inside the cochlea are called A) photons. B) rods. C) hair cells. D) stapes.

C) hair cells.

According to the duplex theory, we use both _______ differences and _______ differences to localize sounds. A) latency; convergence B) intensity; conflict resolution C) intensity; latency D) latency; frequency

C) intensity; latency

The main distinction between sensation and perception is that only perception involves A) noticing that a stimulus is present. C) interpreting what the stimulus is. B) detecting the absence of stimulus. D) deciding how to react to a stimulus.

C) interpreting what the stimulus is

. The olfactory system routes information directly to the _______ of the brain. A) lateral geniculate nucleus B) primary visual cortex C) olfactory bulb D) parietal cortex

C) olfactory bulb

In a sense, phantom limb pain is a purely _______ phenomenon. A) sensory B) combat-specific C) perceptual D) modality-general

C) perceptual

Biting into a lemon is likely to stimulate taste receptor cells for _______ and _______. A) salty; sweet B) bitter; salty C) sweet; sour D) umami; bitter

C) sweet; sour

The optic disc is the part of the retina A) where most of the cones are located. B) where most of the rods are located. C) that has no photoreceptors. D) that focuses light onto the rest of the retina.

C) that has no photoreceptors.

Which of the following research questions is a psychophysicist likely to be most interested in asking? A) Which neurons relay information from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex? B) What kinds of neurons relay information from the spinal cord to the muscles? C) How is perceptual information encoded and stored for later use by the brain? D) How much louder must a sound be before a person can detect that it is louder than the original sound?

D) How much louder must a sound be before a person can detect that it is louder than the original sound?

The main difference between binocular and monocular depth cues is that A) monocular cues are generally more complex than binocular cues. B) monocular cues require information from both eyes, while binocular cues do not. C) binocular cues are used mostly for Gestalt perception, while monocular cues are used for motion. D) binocular cues require information from both eyes, while monocular cues do not.

D) binocular cues require information from both eyes, while monocular cues do not.

The depth cue of motion parallax accounts for the fact that while you are moving forward, you will perceive the A) farthest objects as moving fastest and in the same direction. B) largest objects as moving slowest and in the opposite direction. C) smallest objects as moving fastest and in the same direction. D) closest objects as moving fastest and in the opposite direction.

D) closest objects as moving fastest and in the opposite direction

The fact that _______ are relatively _______ to light explains why people have more difficulty seeing color in poorly lit places. A) rods; sensitive B) cones; sensitive C) rods; insensitive D) cones; insensitive

D) cones; insensitive

The flexible, transparent structure in the eye that helps focus an image on the back of the eye's interior is called the A) iris. B) optic disc. C) fovea. D) lens.

D) lens.

A _______ is a physical event that a sensory receptor cell might detect, whereas a _______ is the final interpretation of that physical event. A) percept; stimulus B) stimulus; response C) response; percept D) stimulus; percept

D) stimulus; percept

A chemical that encounters a taste receptor cell and excites it is called a(n) A) epithelium. B) umami. C) odorant. D) tastant.

D) tastant.