Psych chapter two

In a— study, both the researches and the participants are unaware of the group assignments

Double bind

Which of the following research design will allow cause-and- effect conclusions

Expiremental

A group of researchers investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable.

Independent and dependent

I.r.b. Reviews that is involves the use of human participants

Institutional review board

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

Longitude

An _ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variable of interest

Operational definition

In order to maximize the chances that expiremental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct

Random sampling and random group assignment

An _—_— is a well developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena

Theory

Is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time

attrition

Studies that cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants ________.

can sometimes be tested with animal studies

Dr. Matter, is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain-depth knowledge about their behavior. These studies would best be described as ______________?

case studies

The scientific process is — involving both inductive and deductive reasoning

circular

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of

confirmation bias

An _—— variable is a factor that affects both variables of interest in research and may falsely give the impression of a cause and effect relationship

confounding

What kind of research is Saanvi conducting if she tracks six groups of participants, each group a different age, over several years, assessing them on her variable of interest once every six months?

cross-sectional

A negative correlation means ________.

one variable decreases as the other increases

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________.

replication

Psychological knowledge is advanced through a process known as _ which involves prescribed series of steps designed to achieve the desired knowledge

scientific method

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.

there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

Which word is the most appropriate synonym for the term validity

Accuracy

Simplicity of conducting the study is to _________ as ability to test large numbers of participants is to

Archival research / surveys

The ability of a research study or psychological instrument to consistently produce a given result is called ________.

Reliability

What are the most commonly used species for animal research

Rodents

An ——— is conducted in order to determine whether there are meaningful differences between two group in a study

Statistical analysis

....... are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail

Surveys

An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study.

debrief participants; deception

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full Moon is an example of an

illusory correlation

Professor Devine and her colleagues are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group.

type of play; no play