Psych Exam #2 Review
The biological emphasizes _____.
animal learning and evolution
The process by which individuals come to understand the causes of others' behavior and form an impression of them as individuals is called ____.
attribution
An individual's psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts is known as ____.
cognitive dissonance
motivation
directs and sustains behavior
feeling of hunger that initiates the act of opening a refrigerator for food best represents a(n) _____.
drive
Attributions are ____.
explanations for others' behavior
Felicia tells her mother that she failed the biology test because her professor made the test too difficult. Felicia is attributing her performance to _____ causes.
external
The bystander effect reveals that _____.
individuals are less likely to help in large crowds
Which is not true about a fundamental attribution theory?
it is a correct explanation of another person's behavior
The personological theory emphasizes ____.
life history and life story
_____ is the force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do, resulting in behavior that is energized, directed, and sustained.
motivation
The humanistic theory emphasizes ____.
personal growth and positive qualities
_____ perspectives on personality emphasize that personality is primarily unconscious.
psychodynamic
Which of the following is an important element of Carl Rogers's humanistic theory?
self-concept
Unlike sociologists, social psychologists are most likely to focus on _____.
the immediate social situation to understand what causes people to behave as they do
The trait perspective emphasizes ____.
traits and tendencies
In humans, high concentrations of leptin has been linked with ____.
weight loss
According to the five-factor model of personality, a person who is generous and altruistic is most likely to rate high on ____.
agreeableness
_____ are people's opinions and beliefs about other people, objects, and ideas—how they feel about the world.
attitudes
The social cognitive perspective emphasizes ____.
awareness and expectations
The psychodynamic theory emphasizes ____.
childhood experiences and repressed desires
Joseph does exceptionally well in his math exam. Which of the following represents an internal attribution as an explanation for Joseph's good performance?
his hard work
The goal of the drive reduction theory is ____.
homeostasis
Optimum arousal theory states that performance is best when arousal is ____.
in the middle
Jude is constantly worried. He avoids meeting new people and avoids new situations. He gets anxious if his routine is disturbed and indulges in self-pity. According to the five-factor model of personality, Jude is most likely to rate high on ____.
neuroticism
The processes by which individuals use social stimuli to form impressions of others are referred to as ____.
person perception
Despite evidence to the contrary, Denise thinks she is smarter than most of the people in her class. Denise's unfounded attitude about herself is an example of a(n)
positive illusion
The drive and reduction theory is based on ____.
reduction of drives is the primary force behind motivation
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, before a person can feel safe, he needs to ____.
satisfy their physiological needs
Teresa asks herself whether she is as popular as Cathy. This question is an example of gaining self-knowledge through
social comparison
The James-Lange Theory of emotions states that the order of processing is ____.
stimulus, arousal, then emotion
Unlike personality psychologists, social psychologists typically focus on ____.
the situational factors that lead to behavior
Cognitive dissonance occurs when ____.
thoughts and behaviors are not consistent
_____ are theoretical views stressing that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions that tend to lead to characteristic responses.
trait theories
