Psych Exam #2 Review

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The biological emphasizes _____.

animal learning and evolution

The process by which individuals come to understand the causes of others' behavior and form an impression of them as individuals is called ____.

attribution

An individual's psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts is known as ____.

cognitive dissonance

motivation

directs and sustains behavior

feeling of hunger that initiates the act of opening a refrigerator for food best represents a(n) _____.

drive

Attributions are ____.

explanations for others' behavior

Felicia tells her mother that she failed the biology test because her professor made the test too difficult. Felicia is attributing her performance to _____ causes.

external

The bystander effect reveals that _____.

individuals are less likely to help in large crowds

Which is not true about a fundamental attribution theory?

it is a correct explanation of another person's behavior

The personological theory emphasizes ____.

life history and life story

_____ is the force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do, resulting in behavior that is energized, directed, and sustained.

motivation

The humanistic theory emphasizes ____.

personal growth and positive qualities

_____ perspectives on personality emphasize that personality is primarily unconscious.

psychodynamic

Which of the following is an important element of Carl Rogers's humanistic theory?

self-concept

Unlike sociologists, social psychologists are most likely to focus on _____.

the immediate social situation to understand what causes people to behave as they do

The trait perspective emphasizes ____.

traits and tendencies

In humans, high concentrations of leptin has been linked with ____.

weight loss

According to the five-factor model of personality, a person who is generous and altruistic is most likely to rate high on ____.

agreeableness

_____ are people's opinions and beliefs about other people, objects, and ideas—how they feel about the world.

attitudes

The social cognitive perspective emphasizes ____.

awareness and expectations

The psychodynamic theory emphasizes ____.

childhood experiences and repressed desires

Joseph does exceptionally well in his math exam. Which of the following represents an internal attribution as an explanation for Joseph's good performance?

his hard work

The goal of the drive reduction theory is ____.

homeostasis

Optimum arousal theory states that performance is best when arousal is ____.

in the middle

Jude is constantly worried. He avoids meeting new people and avoids new situations. He gets anxious if his routine is disturbed and indulges in self-pity. According to the five-factor model of personality, Jude is most likely to rate high on ____.

neuroticism

The processes by which individuals use social stimuli to form impressions of others are referred to as ____.

person perception

Despite evidence to the contrary, Denise thinks she is smarter than most of the people in her class. Denise's unfounded attitude about herself is an example of a(n)

positive illusion

The drive and reduction theory is based on ____.

reduction of drives is the primary force behind motivation

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, before a person can feel safe, he needs to ____.

satisfy their physiological needs

Teresa asks herself whether she is as popular as Cathy. This question is an example of gaining self-knowledge through

social comparison

The James-Lange Theory of emotions states that the order of processing is ____.

stimulus, arousal, then emotion

Unlike personality psychologists, social psychologists typically focus on ____.

the situational factors that lead to behavior

Cognitive dissonance occurs when ____.

thoughts and behaviors are not consistent

_____ are theoretical views stressing that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions that tend to lead to characteristic responses.

trait theories


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