Psych Exam 3 Quiz questions

First-year students who have trouble adapting to college ______. A. Develop negative attitudes toward the college environment B. Often attend small private liberal arts colleges C. Fare better if they live at home with their parents D. Often seek out their advisers or professors for advice

A. Develop negative attitudes toward the college environment

Implementing a national work-study apprenticeship program in the United States poses major challenges because _____. A. Employers are reluctant to assume part of the responsibility for vocational training B. Few high school students are likely to take advantage of it C. Jobs in industrial occupations and manual trades are scarce D. Too many at-risk students who could benefit drop out of school

A. Employers are reluctant to assume part of the responsibility for vocational training

Which of the following interventions helps dieting adults maintain their weight loss? A. Keeping an accurate record of how much they eat each day B. Exercising daily until they reach their desired weight C. Seeking medical intervention to reduce their BMR D. Engaging in short-term dieting rather than attempting long-term dietary change

A. Keeping an accurate record of how much they eat each day

Consequences experienced by overweight and obese adults include reduced success at ______. A. Receiving financial aid for college B. Preventing an age-related increase in BMR C. Avoiding involvement with the criminal justice system D. Overcoming an inhibited, fearful style

A. Receiving financial aid for college

Research on master runners reveals that as long as practice continues, running speed drops only slightly with age until the decade of the ____, when it falls off at an accelerating pace. A. Sixties B. Thirties C. Forties D. fifties

A. Sixties

Which of the following processes provides the strongest support for "genetic programming" as important in biological aging? A. Telomere shortening with each cell duplication, until the cell no longer duplicates B. Release of free radicals, which damage cellular material, including DNA C. Damage to DNA through spontaneous or externally caused mutations D. Cross-linkage of fibers that make up the body's connective tissue.

A. Telomere shortening with each cell duplication, until the cell no longer duplicates

Compared with novices, experts _____. A. Need fewer domain-specific concepts to reason effectively B. Approach problems with underlying principles in mind C. Are less likely to be creative D. Focus on the surface features of problems

B. Approach problems with underlying principles in mind

Premarital cohabitation before age 25 is associated with ______. A. Lower risk of divorce when compared to noncohabiters B. Reduced readiness to forge a committed romantic bond C. Attainment of a college degree D. High likelihood of becoming engaged to marry

B. Reduced readiness to forge a committed romantic bond

Research on pubertal timing indicates that threats to emotional health ___________ puberty, whereas threats to physical health ___________ it. a. do not influence; accelerate b. accelerate; Delay c. do not influence; delay d. accelerate; do not influence

B. accelerate; delay

Which of the following educational experiences is most likely to promote advances in epistemic cognition? A. Solving challenging logical problems on one's own B. Listening to a professor's lecture about the ten all-time best novels C. Critically evaluating ideas for a research proposal with a group of classmates D. Reviewing both one's own and a classmate's lecture notes to study for a midterm

C. Critically evaluating ideas for a research proposal with a group of classmates

Which statement about mate selection is true? A. Research on mate selection in Western cultures supports the idea that "opposites attract." B. In diverse cultures, men and women place equal emphasis on physical attractiveness in a mate. C. Partners who are similar in personality and other attributes tend to be more satisfied with their relationship D. Men and women generally place earning power at the top of their wish list in a mate

C. Partners who are similar in personality and other attributes tend to be more satisfied with their relationship

Which of the following stepparents is likely to experience the most family conflict? A. Margarita, whose husband does not have custody of his son and daughter B. Vincenzo, who has two children of his own and a stepson C. Yvette, who has no children of her own and lives in the same residence as her two stepdaughters D. Adam, who permits his wife to assume most parenting responsibilities for his nonresident stepchildren

C. Yvette, who has no children of her own and lives in the same residence as her two stepdaughters

Girls reach puberty, on average____________ A. four years earlier than boys B. at about the same time as boys C. two years earlier than boys D. two years later than boys

C. two years earlier than boys

Acceptance of lesbian and gay people is greatest among heterosexuals who ____. A. Live in large cities and are high in religiosity B. Live in small communities and are low in religiosity C. How far sexual minority friends and are low in religiosity D. Are highly educated and low in religiosity

D. Are highly educated and low in religiosity

Which of the following are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death throughout adulthood? A. Weak hand-grip muscle strength, low bone density B. Increased telomerase activity, elevated free radical activity C. Moderate alcohol consumption, low GH level D. Cigarette smoking, overweight and obesity

D. Cigarette smoking, overweight and obesity

First births to women in their thirties have increased greatly over the past three decades because many _____. A. Delay childbearing until the reproductive system is fully mature B. Wait until the risk of miscarriage and chromosomal disorders is low C. Want to reduce their likelihood of having twins and triplets D. Delay childbearing until their vocational lives are well-established

D. Delay childbearing until their vocational lives are well-established

One reason young women are expressing greater interest in nontraditional occupations is that ______. A. Women are making rapid progress in entering and excelling at male-dominated professions. B. Women now write more books and make more discoveries than men. C. Girls reach secondary school more confident in their abilities than boys. D. More and more employed mothers serve as career-oriented models

D. More and more employed mothers serve as career-oriented models

Which feature of therapy for rape survivors is crucial for preventing reassault? A. Validation of the experience B. Screening for victimization C. Group therapy D. Safety planning

D. Safety planning

Which of the following parent-child resemblances helps explain why young people's vocational aspirations correlate strongly with those of their parents? A. Similarity in hours spent watching TV B. Similarity in gender-role attitudes C. Attending the same high school and having some of the same teachers D. Similarity in intellectual abilities and educational attainment

D. Similarity in intellectual abilities and educational attainment

In which segment of the U.S. population has cigarette smoking recently increased? A. Men who are college graduates B. Women who are college graduates C. Men who did not finish high school D. Women who did not finish high school

D. Women who did not finish high school

Research on reactions to pubertal changes reveals that____________. a. African-American girls react more favorably to menarche than European-American girls do. b. girls get less social support than boys for the changes of puberty. c. boys' reactions to spermarche are more favorable than girls' reaction to menarche. d. widespread formal recognition of pubertal onset in western societies reduces adolescent confusion.

a. African-American girls react more favorably to menarche than European-American girls do.

Juliana has a warm relationship with her parents but also feels free to voice her own opinions. Ian has low levels of support from his parents and lacks warm, open communication with them. juliana will probably become identity-___________, whereas ian is likely to be identity-___________ a. achieved; diffused b. foreclosed; diffused c. achieved; foreclosed d. diffused; achieved

a. achieved; diffused

which of the following teenagers is at greatest risk for early sexual activity a. amanda, who lives in a high-crime neighborhood b. karli, who lives with both parents and her younger brother c. kim, who lives in a tightly knit rural community d. jaylin, whose friends are not sexually active

a. amanda, who lives in a high-crime neighborhood

which statement about mixed-sex cliques is true? a. by midadolescence, mixed-sex cliques are common, but by late adolescence they disappear b. cliques are mixed-sex at first, but by midadolescence, same-sex cliques are common c. mixed-sex cliques teach boys and girls how to interact and become intimate d. the positive impact of mixed-sex cliques is greatest for teenagers whose parents are uninvolved

a. by midadolescence, mixed-sex cliques are common, but by late adolescence they disappear

Kate is a professional women in her early thirties. Unlike her husband, who also has a time-consuming professional career, kate is likely to consider ____________ in her decision making about parenthood. a. consequences for career progress b. the ramifications for her social clock. c. only the postives d. her obligations to society

a. consequences for career progress

Among other factors, american _________ contributes to the unusual high US divorce rate. a. individualism b. conservatism c. liberalism d. religiosity

a. individualism

Which of the following is true about hypothetico-deductive reasoning in piaget's formal operational stage? a. it begins with possibility and proceeds to reality b. it begins with reality and proceeds to possiblity c. it is fully developed during the concrete operational stage d. it requires that the variables in a problem be considered in random combinations

a. it begins with possibility and proceeds to reality

with respect to decision making, teenagers are _____________ a. less effective than adults under both highly emotional and unemotional conditions b. more effective than adults only under unemotional conditions c. less effective than adults only under highly emotional conditions d. more effective than adults because of recent gains in formal operational thought

a. less effective than adults under both highly emotional and unemotional conditions

Early-maturing boys report _______ than both their on-time and late-maturing agemates. a. more psychological stress and depressed mood b. less sexual activity and delinquency c. feeling less depressed d. lower self-esteem

a. more psychological stress and depressed mood

in response to kohlberg's "heinz dilemma," camilla says, "he shouldn't steal the drug because he could get into big trouble, and he might have to go to jail." camilla's response is consistent with kohlberg's _______________ level of moral understanding a. preconventional b. reflective c. principled. d. conventional

a. preconventional

which statement about adolescents' scientific reasoning skills is true? a. scientific reasoning emerges from experiences that require adolescents to match theories against evidence and evaluate their thinking. b. scientific reasoning results from an abrupt, stage wise change in adolescence. c. few adolescents show self-serving biases in scientific reasoning d. nearly all adolescents apply logic more effectively to ideas they favor than to ideas they doubt

a. scientific reasoning emerges from experiences that require adolescents to match theories against evidence and evaluate their thinking

For which adult are sibling relationships likely to replace friendships? a. theresa, who is one of seven children. b. pete, who is only 10 months older than his only sibling c. issac, who is his parents' favorite among their three children d. agusta, who as a competitive relationship with her two sisters.

a. theresa, who is one of seven children

of siblings who esablished a positive bond in childhood, we can anticipate that in adolescence, ___________ a. they will invest less time and energy in each other, but their attachment will remain strong b. their relationship will become conflict-ridden, as each strives for autonomy c. older siblings will have increasing power over younger siblings' choices of friends d. their relationship will intensify, resembling a best friendship

a. they will invest less time and energy in each other, but their attachment will remain strong

Evaluations of the Strong African American Families (SAAF) program show that it was most effective in reducing substance use among teenagers ____________ a. with genetically-based vulnerability to self-regulation difficulties b. whose friends rarely engaged in alcohol and drug use c. from two-parent families d. who experimented with alcohol rather than illegal drugs

a. with genetically based vulnerability to self-regulation difficulties

thirteen-year-old vanessa describes herself as both "shy" and "outgoing." These disparities probably result from the expansion of vanessa's social world, which _______________ a. encourages her to express her true self only when with her friends b. creates pressure to display different selves in different relationships c. leads to a cohesive sense of who she really is d. encourages her to express her true self only when with her family

b. creates pressure to display different selves in different relationships

current theorists agree that for most young people, identity development is a process of _____________ followed by _____________ a. exploration; role confusion b. exploration; commitment c. confusion; a crisis d. questioning; autonomy

b. exploration; commitment

which statement about kohlberg's theory of moral development is true? a. it is in step with gilligan's view of a feminine morality that emphasizes an "ethic of care" b. it was inspired by piaget's work on cognitive development c. it can be applied consistently across divers cultures. d. it is supported by researchers who favor a pragmatic approach to morality

b. it was inspired by piaget's work on cognitive development

which of the following teenagers is most likely to drop out of high school? a. leslie, who is a generally good student in a college-prep track but who failed night-grade chemistry b. joseph, who has a long history of marginal-to-failing grades and is frequently bullied by peers c. val, who achieves poorly but participates in extracurricular activities d. glenn, who is a poor student but whose parents insist that he stay in school and who keep tabs on his progress

b. joseph, who has a long history of marginal-to-failing grades and is frequently bullied by peers

Teresita is given the following reasoning problem: gold is heavier than dirt, and feathers are heavier than gold. Are feathers heavier than dirt? Teresita can answer correctly only if she grasps the ___________ of propositional reasoning. a. real-world nature b. logical necessity c. major premise d. content

b. logical necessity

which statement about high school academic tracking in the United States is true? a. low academic tracks typically provide more stimulating classroom experiences and increased teacher expectations b. once assigned to a low track, students are "locked out" of advanced courses in later grades. c. once assigned to a low track, most students are motivated to exert more effort in order to attain reassignment to a higher track d. assignment to a vocational or general educational track has no detrimental effects on academic progress

b. once assigned to a low track, students are "locked out" of advanced courses in later grades.

Egalitarian relationships, with equal sharing of authority, and household tasks, are more common in _______________ a. eastern european than nordic nations b. same-sex than other-sec relationships c. other-sex than same-sex relationships d. single-earner than dual-earner marriages

b. same-sex than other-sex relationships

which statement about religious involvement of adolescents is true? a. as adolescents search for a personally meaningful identity, formal religious involvement increases b. teenagers who are part of a religious community are advantaged in moral values and behavior c. religious cults that indoctrinate alienated youths foster adolescents' moral progress d. teenagers who are part of a religious community are less involved in community service activities than nonaffiliated youths are.

b. teenagers who are part of a religious community are advantaged in moral values and behavior

________________ can cause intergenerational tensions if parents expect their young-adult children to attain adult milestones on an outdated schedule. a. levinson's theory of seasons of life. b. the social clock c. the life structure.d. valliant's theory of adaptation to life

b. the social clock

which of the following did Levinson's research reveal about sex differences in early adulthood? a. young women tend to construct individualistic dreams, whereas young men display "split dreams" b. women's career development is more likely than men's to extend into middle age c. men construct dreams in early adulthood, whereas women construct dreams much later or not at all d. young women usually settle into a stable niche, whereas men tend to remain unsettled into middle adulthood

b. women's career development is more likely than men's to extend into middle age

Many parents report ___________ during their children's teenage years. a. reduced need for family therapy b. an increase in life satisfaction c. a dip in marital and life satisfaction d. an increase in marital satisfaction

c. a dip in marital and life satisfaction

by the end of adolescence, the majority of lesbian, gay, and bisexual teenagers_________ a. continue to struggle with their sexual identity b. suffer from persistent, internalized homophobia, especially if they live in urban areas. c. accept their sexual identity d. have entered into a healthy relationship with a same-sex partner

c. accept their sexual identity.

which statement about influences on identity development is true? a. teenagers in moratorium often have close bonds with parents but lack opportunities for healthy separation b. diffused young people usually experience more supportive school experiences that promote high-level thinking c. adolescents who assume that both truth is always attainable tend to be foreclosed d. foreclosed young people report the lowest levels of parental support and absence of a "secure base"

c. adolescents who assume that both truth is always attainable tend to be foreclosed

which of the following approaches is most effective in reducing adolescent antisocial acts? a. imprison offenders in juvenile correctional facilities, separate from adult prisoners b. assign offenders to individual therapy sessions c. assign offenders to multisystemic therapy that combines family intervention with integration into positive school, work, and leisure activities d. adopt a zero tolerance policy in schools, severely punishing all disruptive and threatening behavior, major and minor

c. assign offenders to multisystemic therapy that combines family intervention with integration into positive school, work, and leisure activities.

Which statement about bulimia nervosa is true a. young people with bulimia ted to have parents who are controlling b. about 10 percent of teenage girls are affected by bulimia c. bulimia nervosa is usually easier to treat than anorexia d. most adolescents with bulimia also suffer from anorexia

c. bulimia nervosa is usually easier to treat than anorexia

Most emerging adults consider _____________ to be essential in attaining adult status. a. settling into a career b. finishing their education c. constructing a worldview d. entering into marriage

c. constructing a worldview

which statement about gender differences in friendship is true? a. boys tend to get together to "just hangout," whereas girls are more likely to gather for an activity b. boys are more likely than girls to experience anxiety and depression as a result of corumination c. girls' closest same-sex friendships tend to be of shorter duration than boys' d. emotional closeness is more common in boys' relationships than girls'

c. girls' closest same-sex friendships tend to be of shorter duration than boys'

which of the following courses of action contributes to adolescent suicide prevention? a. avoid contact with vulnerable adolescents, who prefer to be left alone to grieve b. discourage communities from providing telephone hotlines because too often they are staffed by mentally unstable volunteers. c. train parents and teachers to recognize signals that a suicidal teenager sends d. report each suicide incident to local newspapers as a means of discouraging additional suicides.

c. train parents and teachers to recognize signals that a suicidal teenager sends

Successful African-American women _______________ a. have rarely experienced support from their African-American communities b. frequently display an unusually low sense of self-efficacy c. are unlikely to take on mentoring obligations d. credit their achievements to intense persistence and supportive relationships with other women

d. credit their achievements to intense persistence and supportive relationships with other women.

A major concern for lesbian and gay parents is that their children will ______________ a. also be lesbian or gay b. not benefit from contact with discontented family members c. be confused about gender-role behavior d. face discrimination because of their parents' sexual orientation

d. face discrimination because of their parents' sexual orientation

research reveals that social media sites are associated with a(n) _______________ a. overall decline in friendship quality among young adults b. sharp increases in number of core friendships for its casual users. c. sharp decreases in number of core friendships for its serious users. d. increase in passive tracking of casual relationships

d. increase in passive tracking of casual relationships

higher education is related to more advanced moral reasoning because colleges ______ a. provide many opportunites to develop close, reqarding friendships with people of similar cultural backgrounds b. attract students with autonomy-granting parents c. rarely offer classes that emphasize open discussion of opinions d. introduce students to social issues that extend beyond personal relationships to entire political and cultural groups

d. introduce students to social issues that extend beyond personal relationships to entire political and cultural groups

For most young people, self-esteem ____________ mid- to late adolescence a. declines from b. fluctuates a great deal between c. remains stable between d. rises from

d. rises from

Which statement about singlehood is true? a. few single people feel stressed about their departure from the marital social clock b. european-american young adults are more likely to be single than african-american young adults. c. more young-adult women than men are single because women's higher standards in mate selection. d. single men have more physical and mental health problems than single women

d. single men have more physical and mental health problems than single women

when presented with the heinz dilemma, jillian explains that laws whould be obeyed because they are vital for ensuring societal order and cooperation between people. jillian is at which of kohlberg's stages of moral understanding? a. stage 2: the instrumental purpose orientation b. stage 1: the punishment and obedience orientation c. stage 3: the "good boy-good girl" orientation d. stage 4: the social-order-maintaining orientation

d. stage 4: the social-order-maintaining orientation

school transitions in adolescence are especially likely to lead to self-esteem and academic difficulties among _____________ a. academically motivated students, who experience a sharp rise in anxiety about getting good grades b. boys, who tend to achieve less well than girls in all school subjects c. popular students, who find themselves in classes with few or no former friends d. students who face added strains, such as family disruption, poverty, or high parental conflict

d. students who face added strains, such as family disruption, poverty or high parental conflict