Psych Exam 4
According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), in 2008, ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue.
13.4%
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ________ of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012.
19%
Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________.
1954
Statistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness.
26%
Why do so many people believe there is a link between autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine?
A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link.
Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Adderall
Who developed social-cognitive theory?
Albert Bandura
Which of the following is true about neurodevelopmental disorders?
All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood.
What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.
Because we have developed certain response tendencies, ________ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns.
B. F. Skinner
Which of the following is not something the theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have in common?
Both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy.
Who developed client-centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States?
Dorothea Dix
Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care?
Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized.
What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services?
Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle-class Americans
Which of the following is a good example of a flashback?
Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again.
The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.
Five Factor Model
Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?
Freudian slip
Which of the following is an example of flight of ideas?
Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly.
Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance?
Hans and Sybil Eysenck
Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?
How you think determines how you feel.
What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?
Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.
How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?
In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.
Which of the following statements about psychoanalysis isfalse?
It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century.
Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?
Jerome C. Wakefield
Who proposed the locus of control concept?
Julian Rotter
Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?
Karen Horney
The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?
Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.
Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the ________.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?
Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.
What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques?
No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another.
Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?
Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.
According to research, how does the public view children and teens with mental health disorders?
Over 1,300 U.S. adults believe children with depression are prone to violence.
Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?
Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.
What did a 2006 special report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggest about the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system?
People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.
Which of the following is false of dissociative disorders?
People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.
What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?
Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder?
Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder?
Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.
Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?
Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.
The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.
Rorschach
Who developed psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?
Sigmund Freud
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of schizotypal personality disorder?
Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie.
The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to Hispanic culture.
TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test
Which of the following is not a reason that ADHD may be overdiagnosed?
The amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified.
What should be changed to make the following sentencetrue? Carl Rogers believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings.
The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud."
What should be changed to make the following sentencetrue? Hippocrates theorized phlegmatic, the personality trait, was associated with black bile from the kidneys.
The phrase "black bile from the kidneys" should be changed to the phrase "white phlegm from the lungs."
What should be changed to make the following sentencetrue? In aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it.
The word "aversion" should be changed to the word "exposure."
What should be changed to make the following sentencetrue? According to Sigmund Freud, unconscious drives influenced by sex and aggression and childhood socialization are the forces that influence our personality.
The word "socialization" should be changed to the word "sexuality."
What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality?
They can be scientifically tested.
Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is incorrect?
This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.
Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms?
Thomas Szasz
Who designed the first comprehensive system of constitutional psychology?
William H. Sheldon
Which question was central to the marshmallow test?
Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?
Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?
You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time.
Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?
active listening
Lovell is noticeably fidgety and jittery. He can't sit still; he paces, wrings his hands, and pulls at his clothing constantly. Lovell suffers from psychomotor________.
agitation
Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?
all-or-nothing thinking
Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has ________.
an external locus of control
Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.
an internal locus of control
A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.
anxiety
________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.
anxiety
Which mental disorder is least likely to be treated in children 8-15 years old?
anxiety disorder
In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.
anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded
Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________.
appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless
Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?
archetype
________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders.
asylums
Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
________ can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes as well as elevate cholesterol levels; it can also cause constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, and dizziness.
atypical antipsychotics
Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?
autism spectrum disorder
Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?
aversion conditioning
Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?
avoidant personality disorder
According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?
balance between extroversion and introversion
Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively.
become neurotic strategies
Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?
behavior
Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
behavior therapy
Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.
being outside the home alone
Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned: ________.
beliefs and expectations
Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy.
biomedical
Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?
borderline personality disorder
What often happened to patients in the early years of using electroshock therapy?
broke their backs
The belief that you ________ is an example of a delusion.
can perform miracles
Etiology is another word for ________.
causes
What should be changed to make the following sentencetrue? "A person diagnosed with a specific anxiety experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear about a particular object or situation."
change the word "anxiety" to the word "phobia"
What should be changed to make the following sentencetrue? "For centuries, psychological disorders were viewed from a natural perspective: attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding."
change the word "natural" to the word "supernatural"
Which group is play therapy often used to treat?
children
According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.
choleric
Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.
chronic
In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________.
client says whatever comes to mind at the moment
The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ________.
client's personal goals
What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?
client's present and future
Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy.
client-centered
Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's theory of development?
climate of sexual repression
What is comorbidity?
co-occurrence of two disorders
In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
cognitive-behavioral therapy
The ________ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next.
collective unconscious
Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands."
concern over germs
A psychological disorder is a ________.
condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.
congruence
Exposure therapy is a ________ technique.
counterconditioning
Aversive conditioning is a ________.
counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior
Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
denial
Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry's personality?
dependent personality disorder
Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.
depressing central nervous system activity
The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.
diathesis-stress
Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders.
differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture
Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.
dissociative fugue
The ________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private.
ectomorph
ECT stands for ________.
electroconvulsive therapy
Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?
episodic
Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders?
excessive, persistent fear and anxiety
Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder?
experiencing trauma in isolation
A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.
external; internal
Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________.
extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability
Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.
free association
Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.
generalized anxiety disorder
What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family?
generativity vs. stagnation
How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?
giving them unconditional love
Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?
group therapy
What is the goal of humanistic therapy?
helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves
________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.
heritability
As the "third force" in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists' view of humans passively reacting to the environment.
humanism
Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.
id
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ________.
in which people are presented with ambiguous images
The ________ approach to the study of personality came about in reaction to the dominance of Western approaches to the study of personality in non-Western settings.
indigenous
A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.
inferiority
What should be changed to make the following sentencetrue? "The stress model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress."
insert the word "diathesis-" before the first appearance of the word "stress"
During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.
intake
What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and makes sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions?
integrity vs. despair
Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?
involuntary
Grace is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Grace immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?
jumping to conclusions
Which of the following is an example of avolition?
lack of motivation to bathe yourself
Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder?
lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds
During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports?
latency
Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________.
learning how to surf
Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he can succeed. He is working a retail job, but he tends to focus on the things he does wrong. In fact, he has almost no confidence in his abilities, and when he experiences a setback at work he is ready to quit. Albert Bandura would say Dan has ________.
low self-efficacy
Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________.
mania
Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________.
manic episodes
When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using?
moving against people
When Imogene feels anxiety, she clings to her mother and father for affection and reassurance. What coping strategy is Imogene using?
moving toward people
Karen Horney described three coping styles when dealing with anxiety. Which of the following is not one of them?
moving with people
Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality?
narcissistic personality disorder
What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?
negative
People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.
obsessive-compulsive
Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD?
orbitofrontal cortex
Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.
organizing the books
________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.
paranoid
An archetype is a ________.
pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies
Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.
persona
Immanuel Kant used the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a ________ person.
phlegmatic
Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________.
phobia
Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
play therapy
Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?
popular music that promotes suicide
Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.
posttraumatic stress
Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________.
process of closing large asylums
Dr. Grimes conducts a ________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires.
projective test
Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill?
psychiatric hospitals
Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder.
psychotic
Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.
race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment
Which of the following is not part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?
reaction formation
After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
regression
Repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is called ________.
relapse
What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?
repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts
________ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas.
rural areas
________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself.
safety behaviors
Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with?
schizophrenia
Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?
schizophrenia
Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have?
seasonal pattern
________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.
seasonal pattern
The concept of ________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs.
selective migration
According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.
self-actualization
Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.
severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy
Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this?
somatic
The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache.
stimulants
For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this?
stimulus hierarchy
What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem?
strategic
Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________.
suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure
Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?
suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality
________ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt.
suicidal ideation
On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?
systematic desensitization
Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.
that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth
A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life. Researchers found that ________.
the quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life were not at all related to the development of autism spectrum disorder
In Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ________ in the second half of life.
the self-realization process
What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?
thoughts affect behavior
________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.
trait
Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?
unconditional positive regard
Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe?
voluntary
Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.
wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.
How long does psychoanalysis typically take?
years
In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament?
yellow bile from the liver