Psych final exam 5

A machine can perform a million calculations per second. This characteristic allows it to use what type of problem-solving strategy?

Algorithm

Morgan was adopted as newborn and has always lived with his adopted family. Now, at age twenty, he discovers that he has an identical (monozygotic) twin brother. According to research, Morgan's IQ score will be most similar to his ___________?

Biological twin

Nigel often sites newspaper editorials and websites favoring the presidential candidate he supports; he appears to ignore editorials and opinions critical of the candidate. Nigel appears prone to:

Confirmation Bias

WOTF situations is an example of using an algorithm to solve a problem?

Considering all of the possibilities before moving a chess piece.

In English the sentences " Every cloud has a silver lining" and "There's a bright side to everything" have similar meanings. This is because of their _________.

Deep structure

For a class project, Mindy has to deliver a presentation on heuristics and algorithms. She decides to create a demonstration to illustrate how people often use heuristics instead of algorithms. People do this because heuristics ___________.

Save time

"When you have trouble in class, try outlining the book in your own words." What is this general rule of thumb for solving a common academic problem called?

a hueristic

Bob, a tenth grader, took a test that measured his potential for college success. Jill, another tenth grader, took a test on the math chapter that had just been covered in class. Bob most likely took a(n)_________ test, an jill most likely took an __________ test.

aptitude;achievement

Dr. Sandifer administers her tests to a large number of highschool seniors. Then she administers the same test two weeks later to the same group and finds a high correlation between the first and second scores. This means that her test:

is reliable

All psych-100 instructors and world renowned teachers. Brian is a psych-100 instructor. Therefore, Brain is a world-renowned teacher. In this example:

the premises are incorrect, but the logical reasoning is correct

Unlike John Locke, French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that children were able to discover how the world operates and how they should behave ____________ from adults.

without instruction

Upon collecting a vast amount of data to determine whether there is a correlational relationship between smoking and lung cancer, you calculate the correlation coefficient. Which number would be the best value if you wanted to see that the more you smoke, the more likely you are to get lung cancer?

+0.85

As a school administrator, you have been asked to identify students who have scored at the 50th percentile or above on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. ------4th edition (WISC-4). This means that you must identify only those students whose scores on the test (the IQ scores) are at least ____ or higher.

100

Gabriel is just beginning to speak in words. He says "Daddy!" and "Car." Gabriel is most likely __________ old.

12-15 months

Suppose the SAT were revised so that a score of 500 corresponded to a score of 100 on the WAIS. A score of 500 or more would therefore be achieved by at least __________percent of the examinees.

50

Norms for a new test of mental ability were obtained from a large sample of the general population. The mean of the test was set to 100 and the standard deviation was 15. Approximately what percentage of the population would fall within the range bounded by scores of 85 and 115?

68%

Bruce gave a quiz to five students in his small lab section. They obtained the following scores: 32,65,75,85, and 100. What is the median score?

75

WOTF is true about how the interaction between heredity and environment affects intelligence?

A favorable environment can improve a child's performance, even if the inherited influences on that child are negative.

Roxanne performs poorly on most tests of verbal ability and does poorly in school, but she can perform many amazing mathematical computations in seconds and can play any song on the pan flute after hearing it only once. Roxanne provides evidence that supports which of the following?

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

Murray is studying the effects of heredity and environment on IQ test scores. He thinks that heredity is the most important factor in determining IQ. Which finding would support his argument most strongly?

Identical twins reared apart tend to have similar IQ scores

Alfred Binet developed intelligence tests to ________.

Identify children who need special-education programs to help them learn

Sylvester consistently gets the same score in bowling, while Elmer's score is unpredictable from game to game. Sylvester's score has a lower __________ than Elmer's scores.

Standard deviation

The Whitney family lose the first round on a popular game show because none of their answers ("clavichord, tuba, ukulele") to the question " Name a popular musical instrument" has been mentioned by the population surveyed. Based on cognitive principles, how would you help them improve for the next round?

Teach them to use prototypes

WOTF is NOT a reasonable criticism of research attempting to demonstrate language learning with nonhuman primates?

The animals don't have a language acquisition device, so they can't really be learning language

WOTF is not a valid criticism of intelligence tests?

They may not predict success in school

Karloss has administered an IQ test to a large amount of people representative of the general population. If his results are consistent with those represented in your textbook, he should find the greatest difference between which two groups?

Upper-class and lower-class subjects of the same ethnicity

Nowhere State University depends primarily on shoe size, rather than the SAT, for admissions purposes. Their dropout rate is rather high. Shoe size is probably not an effective predictor of success in college because it lacks

Validity

Which statement is true regarding group differences in IQ scores?

Variation within ethnic groups is much greater than the variations between them.

Lewis Terman (inventor of the Standard-Binet IQ test) and the other psychologists who adopted IQ tests for use in the US i nthe early 1900's believed that intelligence is ________.

fixed and inherited

The world tools has ________ phonemes and _________ morpheme(s).

four;two

Iman, a fifth grade teacher, believes it is important to determine intelligence of each of her students. However, she doesn't believe that traditional tests provide an accurate description of abilities such as interpersonal communication, music, athleticism. What approach to intelligence would Iman most likely agree with?

multiple intelligences

Maria is one year old. She probably:

understands more words than she can say