PSYCH Final QUIZZES (10-15)

CH13>The study of the states of mind and behavior that deviate both from the statistical norm and from what the mental health field considers to be healthy psychological functioning is called:

Abnormal psychology

CH10>In general, our biological and psychological stress-response mechanisms are most adaptive for handling:

Acute stress

CH13>This is the psychological term that refers to an unpleasant feeling of tension, physiological arousal (e.g. increased heart rate), and worry in anticipation of a threat:

Anxiety

CH15>All of the following are aspects of the self-serving bias, EXCEPT:

Attributing your failures to your own efforts

CH15>The process of explaining the cause of your own or another's behavior is known as:

Attribution

CH14>This heuristic works by biasing us toward mental information, memories, or images that are more easily "accessible" to our consciousness:

Availability heuristic

CH15>This type of cognitive experience indicates what we think is true or untrue in the world:

Belief

CH14>Carl Rogers is known for the development of this type of therapy that stresses the importance of the therapist extending unconditional positive regard and acceptance to the client regardless of the client's behavior or personal characteristics:

Client-centered therapy

CH15> The anxiety we perceive when we become aware of the conflict between our behavior and our attitudes is called:

Cognitive dissonance

CH14>Though not necessarily more effective than other therapies, this therapy is claimed to be the best choice for treating depression:

Cognitive-behavior therapy

CH15>The tendency of people to bring their behavior and/or attitudes in line with group norms and pressures is called:

Conformity

CH14>In this behavior modification technique, a person is rewarded with tangible, desired goods, prizes, or privileges for engaging in desire behaviors and avoiding undesirable behaviors:

Contingency management

CH10>The complex and highly variable processes by which we ensure that the demands of potentially stressful situations do not overwhelm our psychological or materials resources is called:

Coping

CH15> The lessening of self-awareness or identity when in a group that may lead to reduced concern about how your behavior will be evaluated by others is referred to as:

Deindividuation

CH13>The neuron has many branch-like extensions called _______ that receive input from other neurons.

Dendrites

CH15>A variable that is used to measure changes in participants' behavior based upon experimental manipulation is a(n):

Dependent variable

CH13>The mood state characterized by exaggerated and prolonged feelings of sadness, hopelessness, helplessness, grief, guilt, and low feelings of self-worth is called:

Depression

CH15>The mood state characterized by exaggerated and prolonged feelings of sadness, hopelessness, helplessness, grief, guilt, and low feelings of self-worth is called:

Depression

CH13>This category of psychological disorders is characterized by a large increase in the risk of suicide among sufferers:

Depressive and bipolar disorders

CH13>This set of diagnostic criteria for psychological disorders is published by the American Psychiatric Association:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

CH14>In this form of therapy, a patient is anesthetized, given muscle relaxants, and then a brief, low-voltage electric shock is passed through their brain:

Electroconvulsive therapy

CH10> The ability to identify, manage, and express one's emotions constructively and to empathize with the emotions of others has been termed:

Emotional intelligence

CH13>Which of the following is not considered a serious risk factor for developing PTSD following a traumatic event?

Exposure to trauma in films and video games?

CH10>According to this hypothesis, activating the muscles that form facial expressions associated with basic emotions can sometimes create the experience of having an emotion:

Facial feedback hypothesis

CH10>According to research by LeDoux, the amygdala is activated during many emotions, but appears to be the most important brain region responsible for:

Fear responses

CH10>Walter Cannon coined this term to describe the process that biologically prepares the animal to respond to acute, short-term stressors:

Fight-or-flight

CH10>All of the following are consistent with the evolution of the tend-and-befriend response EXCEPT:

Fighting endangers a woman and also her unborn child or nursing offspring

CH10>Hans Selye developed a model of effects of chronic stress activation know as:

General adaptation syndrome

CH13>Hans Selye developed a model of effects of chronic stress activation known as the:

General adaptation syndrome

CH10>When psychologists refer to happiness, they are talking about:

General fulfillment and well-being

CH15>This special kind of conformity results from group members not wanting to adversely affect group morale, make waves, or appear disloyal to the group leader:

Groupthink

CH10> This is the interdisciplinary field that examines the ways that health and illness interact with psychology, biology, and society:

Health psychology

CH13>This is the interdisciplinary field that examines the ways that health and illness interact with psychology, biology, and society:

Health psychology

CH13>A specific, precise and testable prediction about the occurrence of an event is known as:

Hypothesis

CH13>Which of the following would most likely be a statement from someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and not a normal human thought related to organization or safety?

I spend two hours getting dressed for work in the morning and sometimes call in sick because I notice spots on my clothes

CH14> These therapists may adhere generally to one established style of therapy, but freely utilize other therapeutic styles, including their own original techniques:

Integrative therapists

CH15>These therapists may adhere generally to one established style of therapy, but freely utilize other therapeutic styles, including their own original techniques:

Integrative therapists

CH14>In terms of overall treatment of psychological disorders, this model is probably the best:

Integrative treatment model

CH10>Motivation cannot be directly observed, but it may be measured by examining changes in the:

Intensity and persistence of behavior

CH14>Approaching a task for the experience of doing it, like volunteering on the weekends because you enjoy working with others, is likely the result of:

Intrinsic motivation

CH10>This early theory of emotion asserts that we are happy because we are smiling, sad because we are crying, and frightened because our hearts are racing and our palms are sweating:

James-Lange theory

CH13>This phase of the bipolar cycle is marked by high-pressured speech, bizarre and risky behavior, and lack of sleep and calmness:

MANIA

CH14>This phase of the bipolar cycle is marked by high-pressured speech, bizarre and risky behavior, and lack of sleep and calmness:

MANIA

CH15>You might use this strategy to remember someone's telephone number if your cell phone is in the other room and you have to remember the number until you get your cell phone:

Maintenance rehearsal

CH10>The psychological disorder most commonly associated with stress is:

Major depression

CH10> These psychological states are typically less intense than emotions, but may pervade a person's life for days, weeks, months, or possibly even years at a time:

Moods

CH15>The tendency to judge an individual based on beliefs about, or feelings toward, the group to which the person belongs is called:

PREJUDICE

CH13>Though they seem to arrive "out of the blue", these intense anxiety experiences tend to be caused by a specific trigger like experiencing an anxiety-provoking situation:

Panic Attacks

CH14>The use of drugs and other substances like nutritional supplements to treat psychological disorders and distress is called:

Pharmacotherapy

CH13>Performance on a multiple-choice exam relies mostly on this retrieval process:

Recognition

CH15>In laboratory studies of the bystander effect, the general rule is that the presence of groups:

Reduces the likelihood of any one individual offering aid

CH14>In addition to targeting automatic thoughts, cognitive-behavioral therapists also work to help the client control:

Self-defeating behaviors

CH14>This behavior modification technique exposes clients to increasingly intense anxiety-provoking images known as the anxiety hierarchy:

Systematic desensitization

CH10> If Dave describes Jen as an honest, conscientious, and sociable person, the words he uses refer to:

TRAITS

CH14>Shelly Taylor used this term to describe the mainly female tendency to provide care and obtain support from others under conditions of stress:

Tend and befriend

CH15>An attitude is more likely to predict your behavior if:

The attitude emerges from your personal experience

CH14>All of the following are reasons why a therapist might recommend group therapy rather than individual therapy to a client, EXCEPT:

The client is severely psychotic and it is not safe to conduct individual therapy

CH14>Transference refers to the psychoanalytic belief that patients in therapy may transfer their feelings about their spouse or parents onto:

The therapist

CH15>An evaluative response to some person, idea, object, or event, or a feeling about one of those things, is called a(n):

attitude

CH13>This is a group of related disorders that are described as pervasive, chronic patterns of dysfunctional thinking, feeling, and relating to the world, which generally begin in adolescence and last throughout a person's life:

personality disorder