PSYCH FINAL TEST ACKKKKKK

Damage to the cochlea's hair cell receptors is most likely to cause a loss of

. audition.

Who emphasized that perceptions are learned through experience?

John Locke

Andrea is a first-year college student living on the ninth floor of a residence hall. By the end of the year, she is most likely to be friends with

Michelle, a fellow first-year student who shares Andrea's values and love of the violin

Ideas about one's own and others' feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, along with the behaviors these might predict, are said to constitute

a theory of mind.

The cortical regions that are NOT directly involved in sensory or motor functions are known as

association areas.

Gardner's argument for multiple intelligences receives support from the

characteristics of savant syndrome.

Mr. Hersch triggered a rooting reflex in his infant son by touching him on the

cheek.

Because he needs to have enough money to purchase groceries and pay his bills each month, Jerry tries to be a good employee, arriving at work on time every day even though he dislikes his job. In this instance, his work is a

conditioned reinforcer.

As infants become mobile and experience falls, they become increasingly afraid of heights. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on fear.

conditioning

Marjorie was born visually impaired and did not have her vision corrected until she was 1 year old. As a result, she will never develop normal visual perception because this developmental stage is a

critical period.

The developmental stage of adolescence is likely to be briefest in cultures where teens are

financially self-supporting.

The brain is most likely to compensate for a loss of neurons by

generating new neural cells in the brain.

If the political conservatism of Stacey, who joined a sorority, is greater than that of Theresa who did not, the gap in their political attitudes will probably widen as they progress through college. This would be best explained in terms of

group polarization.

Using his model of reciprocal determinism, Albert Bandura would consider self-efficacy to be a(n)

internal personal factor.

Wanda's attitude toward church attendance is most likely to predict the likelihood of her attending church if the attitude

is stable and enduring.

Young adolescents often find it difficult to curb overwhelming emotions of anger, anxiety, or pleasurable excitement because frontal lobe maturation lags behind the development of the

limbic system

A theoretical perspective in psychology can be like a two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional object because each perspective is

limited in its scope.

If our capacity to form concepts depends on our verbal memory, this would best illustrate

linguistic determinism.

The neurons of the central nervous system cluster into work groups known as

neural networks

The brain's development of new neural connections in response to experience is said to demonstrate what is known as

plasticity.

Displacement refers to the process by which people

redirect aggressive or sexual impulses toward less threatening targets

Alfredo is on his way to the store and is repeating aloud the list of items he needs to get. Which method is he using to encode the information?

rehearsal

Mary believes that foods containing mayonnaise will spoil faster than other foods. Why might Mary believe this false belief?

repetition

To produce sheepdogs that become very adept at sheepherding, dog breeders are most likely to make use of

selective mating.

Diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as

sensory adaptation.

Your score on an extraversion test does not neatly predict how sociable you will be on any given occasion. This observation is most clearly highlighted by ________ theories.

social-cognitive

For effective mastery of course material, the text emphasizes the value of

spaced practice and overlearning.

Desired objects, such as a bottle of water, seem closer when we are thirsty. This best illustrates the importance of

. top-down processing.

The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has estimated that just under 1 in ________ adult Americans "suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year."

5

In one study, Red Cross donations to Syrian refugees were ________ times greater in response to the publication of an iconic photo of a child killed than in response to ________ describing the hundreds of thousands of other refugee deaths.

55; statistics

Neo-Freudians such as ________ were among the first to highlight a masculine bias in Freud's theories.

Karen Horney

Which of the following is a frequent misperception regarding reinforcers?

Negative reinforcement and punishment are the same thing.

An infant's tendency to automatically grasp objects placed in his or her hands best illustrates

a reflex response.

Corbett refuses to eat healthy foods and exercise because he believes good health is just a matter of luck. Corbett's attitude best illustrates

an external locus of control.

The catharsis hypothesis refers to the idea that

anger is reduced by aggressive action or fantasy

Some studies have found that for 30 to 40 percent of people suffering from depression, ________ works as an effective treatment.

antianxiety drugs

SSRIs work by

blocking the normal reuptake of serotonin from synapses.

Which of the following disorders often accompanies depression?

both anxiety and substance abuse

Sam is a graduate student working on his dissertation. He has just finished collecting data from a group of participants and now is explaining to them the true purpose of the study and any type of deception he used. Sam's explanation is called

debriefing.

The large, slow brain waves associated with N3 sleep are called

delta waves.

Signal reception is to ________ as signal transmission is to ________.

dendrite; axon

A brain lesion refers to ________ of brain tissue

destruction

Taylor has no memory of the abuse she experienced as a child. During a session with her clinical psychologist, she suddenly began talking in a deeper voice, claiming to be Adam, a male personality, who remembered all of the abuse. Taylor is demonstrating the symptoms of

dissociative identity disorder.

Research participants and research staff are unaware of which participants received a placebo and which participants received an actual drug. This illustrates

double blind procedure

Brenda is 29 years old. She recently graduated from college and now has a full-time job and lives independently. She is in the ________ years.

early adulthood

Divergent thinking involves

expanding the number of possible solutions to a problem.

The few people with psychological disorders who do commit violent acts tend to be those who a. suffer persistent sleep deprivation, or those diagnosed with agoraphobia.

experience threatening delusions and hallucinated voices that command them to act, or those who abuse substances.

Evidence of the impact of biology on personality traits includes the fact that

extraverts seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low

Which early school of thought in psychology would have been most interested in exploring the adaptive value of our human capacity for self-awareness?

functionalism

Theresa is thinking about what she would like to do with her life. She would like to be financially stable, successful at her career, and in a happy, satisfying relationship. She would like to make sure that she does not have extremely limited income, experience divorce, or be in a job that she does not like. Theresa is pondering

her possible selves.

Behavior geneticists are most interested in assessing the extent to which heredity and environment contribute to our

individual differences.

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists are most likely to emphasize the importance of

inner conflicts.

Female physicians have typically received ________ salaries than their male counterparts. In academia, female research grant applicants have been ________ likely to be funded than have male applicants.

lower; less

People who err on the side of overconfidence are especially likely to

make tough decisions more easily.

Scott is 40 years old and works as an advertising consultant. He is married with two children. He is in the ________ years.

middle adulthood

Vibrations of the eardrum are picked up by three tiny bones in the ________ and transmitted to the cochlea.

middle ear

Men wish future contact with ________ of their speed dates than women do. If women at a speed-dating event stay seated while the men circulate, this difference ________.

more; disappears

Primates at the top of the social pecking order are less likely to contract cold-like viral infections than those with lower social status. This best illustrates the value of

perceived control.

Identical twins separated at birth and raised apart would be most likely to have similar

personality traits.

Which psychosexual stage of development focuses on coping with incestuous sexual feelings

phallic

Jayda and Thomas have been happily married for five years. After sexual intercourse, both experience feelings of sexual satisfaction and contentment. Studies have found that unlike couples who hook up for one night, Jayda and Thomas will experience a surge of the hormone ________, which promotes this feeling of satisfaction and contentment.

prolactin

Which defense mechanism involves expressing feelings that are the exact opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings?

reaction formation

Insomnia is a disorder involving

recurring difficulty in falling or staying asleep

Green light is

shorter in wavelength than red light

Most of the movies Jared watches involve uncommitted sex between acquaintances. He now tends to engage in "sex just for the fun of it—without commitment." His behavior would best be attributed to the fact that the movies provided him with a memorable

social script

When researcher Karen Wynn showed 4-month-old infants a numerically impossible outcome, the infants

stared longer at the outcome.

Leesha developed a bacterial infection in a bad skin wound that resulted from a hard fall off a bicycle. Facing highly stressful end-of-semester exams may slow Leesha's recovery from her infection because of

suppressed lymphocyte activity

Our fear of flying is often exaggerated because the greatest dangers of flying are concentrated in brief moments such as takeoff. Of the possible reasons for our fear identified here, this best illustrates that we tend to fear dangers

that are immediate.

In terms of the study of genes and environment, interaction is defined as

the interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor depends on another factor

Learned helplessness is defined as

the passive resignation that accompanies an inability to avoid repeated aversive events.

Which of the following is said to function as an organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors?

the self

In one experiment, participants put on a Barry Manilow T-shirt before entering a room with other students. Their tendency to overestimate the extent to which the other students would notice their unusual T-shirt best illustrated

the spotlight effect

Chimpanzees are capable of learning to

understand spoken words. communicate with gestures. string signs together into a meaningful sequence.

Gestalt psychologists emphasized that

we organize sensory information into meaningful forms

Psychologists on both sides of the controversy regarding reports of repressed and recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse agree that

when extraordinary means are used to recover a memory, there is the high probability that the recovered memory is false.