Psych - Module 20

Extinction

A term that typically describes a species that no longer has any known living individuals.

Uncoditioned Response (UR)

An unlearned naturally occurring responds

acquisition

In classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response.

Stimulus

a signal to which an organism responds

classical conditioning

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

_____ is the process of learning associations.

conditioning

second-order conditioning

conditioning where the US is a stimulus that acquired its ability to produce learning from an earlier procedure in which it was used as a CS

higher-order conditioning

occurs when a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, causing the neutral stimulus to become a second conditioned stimulus

neutral stimulus (NS)

in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning

unconditioned stimulus (US)

in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response.

conditioned stimulus

in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

Discrimination

in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

conditioned response (CR)

in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)

generaliztion

learner beings to exhibit CR to variety of similar stimuli

associative learning

learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning).

Any event or object that evokes a response is called a(n) _____.

stimulus

spontaneous recovery

the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Behaviorism

the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).

respondent behavior

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

operant behavior

behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences

Pavlov's experiment

-unconditioned stimulus (meat) caused unconditioned response (salivation) in dogs -Pavlov repeatedly rang a bell (neutral stimulus) before placing meat in the dogs' mouth - initially, the dogs didn't react much when they only heard the bell w/o receiving meat -After repeating procedure several times, dogs began to salivate when they heard the bell (even if he did not deliver meat) -turned the bell (neutral) into a conditioned stimulus

Watson

Behaviorism